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Explosion Dynamics Of Van Der Waals Clusters Using 38 Nm Xuv Laser Pulses
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Book Synopsis Explosion Dynamics of Van Der Waals Clusters Using 38 Nm XUV Laser Pulses by : Ahmed Mohammed Helal
Download or read book Explosion Dynamics of Van Der Waals Clusters Using 38 Nm XUV Laser Pulses written by Ahmed Mohammed Helal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of intense XUV laser pulses with matter and rare gas cluster has been the focus of the scientific community for decades. This focus has been sparked by the ongoing efforts to reach microscopy with atomic resolution, leading to a time resolved image on the scale of the atomic motion. The interest in van der Waals clusters appears due to it is similarity with the small bio-molecules, studying the behavior of these cluster will shed some light on how the biomolecules behavior under intense laser pulse. We have conducted a major upgrade to the UT THOR laser system, that enables us to achieve 17.7 nJ of XUV energy, produced by high harmonic generation, which is used to conduct multiple cluster experiments. We investigated the dynamics of rare-gas clusters produced by Ar and Xe gases, the ion time of flight, kinetic energy and electron energy have been measured, the generation of ion kinetic energy of two different temperatures (6 and 55 eV) due to hydrodynamic expansion was observed. For Xe clusters, we observed the generation of unexplained high charge states up to Xe9+, that could be due to the effect of continuum lowering and inner ionization of the giant resonance 4d-level. We also investigated the dynamics of small molecule clusters. Stating with nitrogen clusters, we noticed a dependence of the ionization ratio between N + 2 and N +on the cluster size has been noticed. In addition to that nitrogen clusters shows the highest ion kinetic energy generated between all the clusters investigated in this dissertation. The interaction of XUV laser pulses with Methane cluster is studied, we could not detect any high charges of methane fragments such as (CH2+ 4). However, we noticed that we generated multiple fragments by breaking C-H bonds (CH+ 3, CH+ 2, CH+) in addition to bare carbon with high cluster sizes. The generation of CH+ 5, H+ and H + 2 was also observed. Studying the partial yield of each of these reveals that the correlation between CH+ 5 and H+ is opposite to what is expected, which might be due to the change of the cluster properties or the expansion dynamic itself (towards more hydrodynamics).
Book Synopsis The Interaction of Solid-density Nano-scale Clusters with High Intensity XUV Laser Pulse by : Sandra Allison Bruce
Download or read book The Interaction of Solid-density Nano-scale Clusters with High Intensity XUV Laser Pulse written by Sandra Allison Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the interaction between high intensity, high frequency pulsed lasers and nano-scale material have a broad range of potential applications, from ultrafast biomolecular imaging to fundamental questions of the time scales associated with molecular electronic processes. ``Table-top'' XUV lasers utilizing HHG to produce a broad range of photon energies are a promising new source of this ultrafast high frequency radiation. Here, we present data generated by the irradiation of nano-scale cluster targets, composed of both solids and van der Waals-bound gases, by high-intensity XUV pulses generated using the new HHG beamline of the UT THOR laser system. On-target intensities are 1 x 1013 W/cm2, and photon energies range from 26.4 eV to 32.6 eV. These interactions consistently produce anomalously high charge states in the loosely-bound dense gas clusters; charge states of Xe8+, Kr6+, Ar5+, Ne3+, and N2+ were observed. The yield ratios of these charge states, as well as the ion and electron kinetic energies collected during these interactions, help to shed light on the processes of formation and dissociation of these dense plasmas.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers by : Eberhard J. Jaeschke
Download or read book Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers written by Eberhard J. Jaeschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Book Synopsis Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science XIII by : Kaoru Yamanouchi
Download or read book Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science XIII written by Kaoru Yamanouchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-22 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thirteenth volume in the PUILS series covers a broad range of topics from this interdisciplinary research field, focusing on atoms, molecules, and clusters interacting in intense laser field and high-order harmonics generation and their applications. The series delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in ultrafast intense laser science, the interdisciplinary research field spanning atomic and molecular physics, molecular science, and optical science, which has been stimulated by the developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored by researchers at the forefront of each their own subfields of UILS. Typically, each chapter opens with an overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers unfamiliar to the subfield, as well as graduate students, can grasp the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.
Book Synopsis Nanoscale Photonic Imaging by : Tim Salditt
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Book Synopsis Coherence Phenomena in Atoms and Molecules in Laser Fields by : Andre D Bandrauk
Download or read book Coherence Phenomena in Atoms and Molecules in Laser Fields written by Andre D Bandrauk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the lectures and communications presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (NATO ARW 900857) which was held May 5-10, 1991 at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. A scientific commitee made up of P.P. Lambropoulos (USC & Crete), P.8. Corkum (NRC, Ottawa), and H. B. vL. van den Heuvell (FOM, Amsterdam) guided the organizers, A.D. Bandrauk (Sherbrooke) and S.C. Wallace (Toronto) in preparing a programme which would cover the latest advances in the field of atom and molecule laser interactions. Since the last meeting held in July 1987 on "Atomic and Molecular Processes with Short Intense Laser Pulses", NATO ASI vol 1718 (Plenum Press 1988), considerable progress has been made in understanding high intensity effects on atoms and the concomitant coherence effects. After four years, the emphasis is now shifting more to molecules. The present volume represents therefore this trend with four sections covering the main interests of research endeavours in this area: i) Atoms in Intense Laser-Fields ii) Molecules in Intense Laser Fields iii) Atomic Coherences iv) Molecular Coherences The experience developed over the years in multiphoton atomic processes has been very useful and is the main source of our understanding of similar processes in molecules. Thus ATI (above threshold ionization) has been found to occur in molecules as well as a new phenomenon, ATD (above-threshold dissociation). Laser-induced avoided crossings of molecular electronic surfaces is also now entering the current language of high intensity molecular processes.
Book Synopsis Laser Physics at the Limits by : Hartmut Figger
Download or read book Laser Physics at the Limits written by Hartmut Figger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published on the occasion of Theodor Hänsch's 60th Birthday emphasis is placed on precision related to results in a variety of fields, such as atomic clocks, frequency standards, and the measurement of physical constants in atomic physics. Furthermore, illustrations and engineering applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. It has contributions by Nobel prize winners Norman F. Ramsey, Steven Chu, and Carl E. Wieman.
Book Synopsis New Directions in Atomic Physics by : C.T. Whelan
Download or read book New Directions in Atomic Physics written by C.T. Whelan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few years have seen some remarkable advances in the understanding of atomic phenomena. It is now possible to isolate atomic systems in traps, measure in coincidence the fragments of collision processes, routinely produce, and study multicharged ions. One can look at bulk matter in such a way that the fundamental atomic character is clearly evident and work has begun to tease out the properties of anti matter. The papers in this book reflect many aspects of modem Atomic Physics. They correspond to the invited talks at a conference dedicated to the study of "New Directions in Atomic Physics," which took place in Magdalene College, Cambridge in July of 1998. The meeting was designed as a way of taking stock of what has been achieved and, it was hoped, as a means of stimulating new research in new areas, along new lines. Consequently, an effort was made to touch on as many directions as we could in the four days of the meeting. We included some talks which overviewed whole subfields, as well as quite a large number of research contributions. There is a unity to Physics and we tried to avoid any artificial division between theory and experiment. We had roughly the same number of talks from those who are primarily concerned with making measurements, and from those who spend their lives trying to develop the theory to describe the experiments.
Book Synopsis Giant Resonances in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids by : J.P. Connerade
Download or read book Giant Resonances in Atoms, Molecules, and Solids written by J.P. Connerade and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-20 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often, a new area of science grows at the confines between recognised subject divisions, drawing upon techniques and intellectual perspectives from a diversity of fields. Such growth can remain unnoticed at first, until a characteristic fami ly of effects, described by appropriate key words, has developed, at which point a distinct subject is born. Such is very much the case with atomic 'giant resonances'. For a start, their name itself was borrowed from the field of nuclear collective resonances. The energy range in which they occur, at the juncture of the extreme UV and the soft X-rays, remains to this day a meeting point of two different experimental techniques: the grating and the crystal spectrometer. The impetus of synchrotron spectroscopy also played a large part in developing novel methods, described by many acronyms, which are used to study 'giant resonances' today. Finally, although we have described them as 'atomic' to differentiate them from their counterparts in Nuclear Physics, their occurrence on atomic sites does not inhibit their existence in molecules and solids. In fact, 'giant resonances' provide a new unifying theme, cutting accross some of the traditional scientific boundaries. After much separate development, the spectroscopies of the atom in various environments can meet afresh around this theme of common interest. Centrifugal barrier effects and 'giant resonances' proper emerged almost simultaneously in the late 1960's from two widely separated areas of physics, namely the study of free atoms and of condensed matter.
Book Synopsis Pulsed Laser Ablation of Solids by : Mihai Stafe
Download or read book Pulsed Laser Ablation of Solids written by Mihai Stafe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces ‘the state of the art' of pulsed laser ablation and its applications. It is based on recent theoretical and experimental studies. The book reaches from the basics to advanced topics of pulsed laser ablation. Theoretical and experimental fundamental phenomena involved in pulsed laser ablation are discussed with respect to material properties, laser wavelength, fluence and intensity regime of the light absorbed linearly or non-linearly in the target material. The energy absorbed by the electrons leads to atom/molecule excitation, ionization and/or direct chemical bond breaking and is also transferred to the lattice leading to material heating and phase transitions. Experimental non-invasive optical methods for analyzing these phenomena in real time are described. Theoretical models for pulsed laser ablation and phase transitions induced by laser beams and laser-vapour/plasma interaction during the plume expansion above the target are also presented. Calculations of the ablation speed and dimensions of the ablated micro- and nano-structures are performed. The validity and required refinement of different models in different experimental conditions is provided. The pulsed laser deposition process which bases on collecting the ablated particles on a surface is analyzed in terms of efficiency and quality of the deposited films as a function of ambient conditions, target material, laser parameters and substrate characteristics. The interaction between the incident laser and the ablation plasma is analyzed with respect to its influence on the structures of the deposited films and its capacity to generate high harmonics and single attosecond pulses which are highly desirable in pump-probe experiments.
Book Synopsis Strong Field Laser Physics by : Thomas Brabec
Download or read book Strong Field Laser Physics written by Thomas Brabec and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-08-17 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the rapid progress in laser technology a wealth of novel fundamental and applied applications of lasers in atomic and plasma physics have become possible. This book focuses on the interaction of high intensity lasers with matter. It reviews the state of the art of high power laser sources, intensity laser-atom and laser-plasma interactions, laser matter interaction at relativistic intensities, and QED with intense lasers.
Book Synopsis Laser Spectroscopy 2 by : Wolfgang Demtröder
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy 2 written by Wolfgang Demtröder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-07 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material, e.g., ultrafast lasers (atto- and femto-second lasers), coherent matter waves, Doppler-free Fourier spectroscopy, interference spectroscopy, quantum optics and gravitational waves and still more applications in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and engineering.
Book Synopsis Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of Life by : Anna Neubeck
Download or read book Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of Life written by Anna Neubeck and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an overview of current views on the origin of life and its earliest evolution. Each chapter describes key processes, environments and transition on the long road from geochemistry and astrochemistry to biochemistry and finally to the ancestors of today ́s organisms. This book combines the bottom-up and the top-down approaches to life including the origin of key chemical and structural features of living cells and the nature of abiotic factors that shaped these features in primordial environments. The book provides an overview of the topic as well as its state of the art for graduate students and newcomers to the field. It also serves as a reference for researchers in origins of life on Earth and beyond.
Book Synopsis Liquid Crystalline and Mesomorphic Polymers by : Valery P. Shibaev
Download or read book Liquid Crystalline and Mesomorphic Polymers written by Valery P. Shibaev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various new directions in modern polymer science, the design and investigation of liquid crystal (LC) polymers have been the ones growing most actively and fruitfully. In spite of that, the possible formation of an anisotropic LC phase was only demonstrated theoretically for the first time in the 1950s by Onsager [1] and Flory [2], and then experimentally verified in the studies with polypeptides solutions. In essence, the studies of these LC lyotropic systems did not deviate from the theme of purely academic interest. It was at the beginning of the 1970s that the experimental "explosion" occurred, when aromatic polyamides were synthesized and their ability to form LC solutions in certain very aggressive solvents was discovered. The search for practical applications of such LC systems was crowned with the successful creation of the new generation of ultrastrong high-modulus ther mostable fibers, such as the Kevlar, due to the high degree of order of the macromolecules in the anisotropic LC state. In fact, these investigations coincided with the swift emergence on the practical "scene" of thermotropic low-molar-mass liquid crystals, with the use of these materials in microelectronics and electro optics (figures and let ters indicators, displays in personal computers, and flat TV, etc.). Polymer scientists also began to develop methods of synthesizing thermotropic LC polymers by incorporating mesogenic fragments in the main (main-chain LC polymers) or side branchings of the macromolecules (side-chain or comb shaped polymers).
Book Synopsis Ultrafast Optics V by : Shuntaro Watanabe
Download or read book Ultrafast Optics V written by Shuntaro Watanabe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together in a single volume the most up-to-date results in the field presented at Ultrafast Optics and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources 2005. The volume contains keynote and invited contributions together with carefully selected regular contributions. The book aims at the highest level of presentation to make it useful as a reference for those working in the field.
Book Synopsis Chemical Reactor Design by : Peter Harriott
Download or read book Chemical Reactor Design written by Peter Harriott and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring case studies and worked examples that illustrate key concepts in the text, this book contains guidelines for scaleup of laboratory and pilot plant results, methods to derive the correct reaction order, activation energy, or kinetic model from laboratory tests, and theories, correlations, and practical examples for 2- and 3-phase reaction
Book Synopsis Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory by : Carsten Ullrich
Download or read book Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory written by Carsten Ullrich and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) is a quantum mechanical approach for the dynamical properties of electrons in matter. It's widely used in (bio)chemistry and physics to calculate molecular excitation energies and optical properties of materials. This is the first graduate-level text on the formal framework and applications of TDDFT.
