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Exploring Racial Ethnic Prevalence Rates Of Type 2 Diabetes In Ca Using Social Ecological Theory
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Book Synopsis Exploring Racial/ethnic Prevalence Rates of Type 2-diabetes in CA Using Social Ecological Theory by : Brittany Lynne Morey
Download or read book Exploring Racial/ethnic Prevalence Rates of Type 2-diabetes in CA Using Social Ecological Theory written by Brittany Lynne Morey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this thesis is to explore racial and ethnic health disparities in the occurrence of type 2-diabetes in the state of California. Persistent high blood sugar can lead to a plethora of health concerns such as heart attack, stroke, blindness, gangrene, and complete kidney failure. Following are the hypotheses to be tested in this study. H1: There are disparate prevalence rates of type 2-diabetes between the white population and racial/ethnic minority populations in California. H2: The following risk factors: psychological distress, income, food insecurity, job status, English proficiency, and job status will be associated with type 2-diabetes. H3: Multivariate logistic regression will show a persistent relationship between disparities for minorities after adding social-ecological variables into the full model. Analyses were performed using the statistical software program SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Univariate analysis was used to examine the relationship between prevalence rates of type 2-diabetes and socio-ecological determinants. For univariate analysis odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were ascertained. P-values at>.05 were considered significant. Factors found to be significant in the univariate analysis were individually stepped into a full model multiple logistic model and assessed for confounding. Lastly, a final reduced model reporting odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values was created. The outcomes of this study indicate that a health disparity in prevalence of type 2-diabetes does exist between racial/ethnic groups in California. When compared to whites, Latinos were 1.54 times 95% CI (1.13-2.10) to have type 2-diabetes, African Americans were 1.87 times 95% CI (1.24-2.81) to have type 2-diabetes, and Asians were 2.43 times 95% CI (1.81-3.28) times more likely to have type 2-diabetes after controlling for all other variables in the study.
Book Synopsis Racial/ethnic Health Disparities in Chronic Disease Interventions and Services Across the Socio-ecological Model by : Roxana Virginia Chen
Download or read book Racial/ethnic Health Disparities in Chronic Disease Interventions and Services Across the Socio-ecological Model written by Roxana Virginia Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many chronic disease interventions have focused on individual-level services, such as one-on-one behavioral counseling, education or self-management classes, or direct clinical care. However, a growing body of research indicates that social factors play critical roles in shaping health and are "root causes" of health disparities. The socio-ecological model (SEM) suggests that factors across the socio-ecological spectrum, from individual genetics and behavior to environmental conditions and policies across one's lifespan, all contribute to individual health. The three studies presented in this dissertation examine the role or impact of chronic disease interventions across the socio-ecological model and racial/ethnic disparities in relation to each intervention. Study 1 monitors trends in individual-level diabetes services and care from 2001 to 2010 using national survey data, to examine if and to what extent individuals diagnosed with diabetes receive appropriate standards of clinical diabetes care or self-manage their condition over time, and the extent of racial/ethnic disparities in care. Moving toward the outer rings of the SEM, Study 2 uses King County survey data to measure the impact of obesity-related policy change, specifically menu-labeling policy, on calorie information awareness and use in the region. It also examines whether there were disparities in outcomes by race/ethnicity and other socioeconomic factors. Study 3 takes a broader look at the practical issues confronting public health practitioners and partnerships in their progression from direct service interventions to activities addressing policies and social and environmental conditions. This qualitative, exploratory case study examines the experiences of a local community coalition, whose focus shifted from a direct-service orientation to impacting broader social determinants of health to address racial and ethnic health disparities. Findings from the three studies have policy implications regarding gaps that may exist in the receipt of appropriate clinical and self-care for people of color with diabetes, whether population-level policy changes are positively impacting higher risk groups, identifies factors that may facilitate or hinder community coalitions' shift to address broader social determinants, and highlight lessons learned and areas for technical assistance in making this transition.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Socioecological Correlates of Type 2 Diabetes on the United States (U.S.)-Mexico Border by : Jessica Lauren McCurley
Download or read book Socioecological Correlates of Type 2 Diabetes on the United States (U.S.)-Mexico Border written by Jessica Lauren McCurley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rationale. Diabetes prevalence has risen rapidly in the United States and Mexico in recent years. Along the U.S.-Mexico border, diabetes is 2-3 times more prevalent than elsewhere in either country. This region is home to a high concentration of migrant and deported individuals at risk for diabetes and other chronic diseases due to low socioeconomic status, housing and food insecurity, stress, and limited access to healthcare. Formal investigation of diabetes in migrants and deportees is scant, and little is known about the unique risk profiles of this population. Objective. Utilizing a socio-ecological, community-informed approach guided by Intervention Mapping, this study aimed to 1) Assess prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in a high-risk border population in Tijuana, Mexico; 2) Examine the relationships of psychological adversity [depression, anxiety, adverse childhood experiences (ACES)] with diabetes prevalence, and explore indirect effects of social support in this relationship; 3) Examine the relationship of neighborhood adversity (e.g., lack of access to healthy foods, violence/crime) with diabetes prevalence, and explore indirect effects of physical activity and dietary intake in this relationship; and 4) Assess the association of diabetes knowledge/cultural beliefs with diabetes prevalence, and test whether there are indirect effects through physical activity and dietary intake. Exploratory models repeated Aims 2 - 4 with two additional dependent variables, in separate models: glucose regulation (hemoglobin A1c) and a 3-level diabetes status variable (normal glucose regulation, prediabetes, diabetes) examined continuously. Design. This cross-sectional study recruited adults from the Health Frontiers in Tijuana medical clinic, which serves large numbers of low-income migrants and deportees near the U.S-Mexico border. Glucose regulation and diabetes status were assessed by point-of-care hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) immunoassay. Psychosocial, neighborhood, and knowledge variables were assessed using a verbally administered self-report questionnaire. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and other sample characteristics were assessed using SPSS Statistics. Multivariable logistic regression conducted in MPlus was used to examine relationships of psychological adversity, neighborhood adversity and diabetes knowledge/cultural beliefs with diabetes diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression was utilized in exploratory models. Results. Participants were N = 220 adults aged 19-83 years (M age = 47.2, SD = 11.9). The majority was male (74.5%), of Mexican nationality (89.1%), and not married or partnered (52.7%). Over 30% had elementary school education or less. Over 70% reported history of migration to the U.S.; 58.6% reported history of at least one deportation from the U.S. to Mexico. Participants reported high levels of clinically significant depression and anxiety symptoms (33.2% and 30.5%, respectively), and 49% reported ≥4 ACEs. Prevalence of diabetes was 17.3% and prevalence of prediabetes was 29.1%. Controlling for age, sex, education, and income, psychological adversity variables were not significantly associated with diabetes prevalence. Neighborhood adversity and diabetes knowledge/cultural beliefs were likewise not associated with diabetes prevalence. Indirect effects were found from depression symptoms and ACEs, through social support, to glucose regulation. Indirect effects were also found from neighborhood adversity to diabetes prevalence and glucose regulation through dietary intake, but in an unexpected direction. Conclusion. This is the first study to our knowledge to examine prevalence and correlates of diabetes in a large number of deported Mexican migrants, an underserved and hard-to-reach population. Results revealed a high burden of physical and psychological risk, suggesting the need for integrated approaches to physical and mental health in future prevention and intervention programs. The hypothesized correlates of diabetes may not be the most impactful determinants of health in this sample due to profound socioeconomic disadvantage, housing and food insecurity, and forced deportation. Social support may play a role in the relationship of psychological adversity and glucose regulation. In low-resource populations on the U.S.-Mexico border, future studies should explore a wider range of potential determinants of diabetes and examine mediators of relationships of psychological and neighborhood adversity with diabetes status longitudinally.
Book Synopsis An Exploration of the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Health Outcomes of Obesity Among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Asian Americans by : Skye Shodahl
Download or read book An Exploration of the Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Health Outcomes of Obesity Among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Asian Americans written by Skye Shodahl and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity has increased to epidemic proportions and has become a major public health concern of the 21st century (Stein, & Colditz, 2004). When examining obesity rates among different ethnic groups, Asian Americans are usually less obese than their counterparts (Nam, 2013). Consequently, this has led Asian Americans to become an understudied population within obesity research (Nam, 2013). Despite Asian Americans being frequently reported as having low overweight and obesity rates as compared to other major racial/ethnic groups, the rates of obesity are increasing (Singh & Lin, 2013). Therefore, the present study seeks to expand the limited literature on obesity among Asian Americans. My study aims to identify the following: 1) the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases (e.g., type 2 diabetes) and 2) risk factors related to obesity among Asian Americans using the social ecological model of health. Specifically, I focus on individual level factors (e.g., diet) and community level factors (e.g., access to fresh produce). The current study used data from the 2017 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). A total of 1,057 Asian Americans (Chinese: N=410, 38.8%; Filipinos, N=265, 25.1%; Japanese: N=141, 13.3%; Vietnamese: N=137, 13%; Korean: N=104, 9.8%) residing across California were included in the study. Descriptive analyses were conducted via crosstabs to assess the distribution of obesity and obesity-related health outcomes (e.g., type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular disease (CVD)) across the Asian subgroups. Furthermore, multivariate analyses (MANOVAs) were used to assess ethnic group differences among BMI categories on five outcomes: diet, SES, physical activity, food environment, and neighborhood environment across aggregated and disaggregated data. Ultimately, the findings of this study will aid in the development of obesity interventions that ensure Asian Americans receive equitable care.
Book Synopsis The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council
Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Book Synopsis The Ecology of Stress by : Stevan E. Hobfoll
Download or read book The Ecology of Stress written by Stevan E. Hobfoll and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1988 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theory at a Glance written by Karen Glanz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diabetes and Health Disparities by : Leandris C. Liburd, PHD
Download or read book Diabetes and Health Disparities written by Leandris C. Liburd, PHD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What Liburd and colleagues provide in this edition is a framework for all practitionersÖinvolved in diabetes prevention and control. The recommendations and tools provided here are key to the success of future research and programmatic efforts." -Wayne H. Giles, MD, MS & Ann Albright, PhD, RD (From the Foreword) Type 2 diabetes and its principal risk factor, obesity, have emerged as twin epidemics in communities of color. This book investigates the epidemiology of diabetes in these minority communities, arguing that the determinants of diabetes include not only personal choices, but also broader social and contextual factors, such as community racism, residential segregation, and cultural patterns. This book includes in-depth analyses of many community-based interventions which serve African-American, Hispanic/Latino American, Asian American, and Native American populations. The author also provides suggestions for community-based initiatives to reduce the "obesogenic" environment many minorities live in. Key features: Includes effective intervention approaches for prevention and control of diabetes in racial and ethnic populations Explores the influence of institutionalized racism and residential segregation on the emergence of diabetes and obesity Presents extensive case studies detailing the experiences, challenges, and breakthroughs of various community health initiatives and programs This book will serve as an important resource for professors, students, community leaders, policymakers, health practitioners, and anyone interested in joining the movement to eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity.
Book Synopsis Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health by : National Academy of Medicine
Download or read book Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health written by National Academy of Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social factors, signals, and biases shape the health of our nation. Racism and poverty manifest in unequal social, environmental, and economic conditions, resulting in deep-rooted health disparities that carry over from generation to generation. In Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health, authors call for collective action across sectors to reverse the debilitating and often lethal consequences of health inequity. This edited volume of discussion papers provides recommendations to advance the agenda to promote health equity for all. Organized by research approaches and policy implications, systems that perpetuate or ameliorate health disparities, and specific examples of ways in which health disparities manifest in communities of color, this Special Publication provides a stark look at how health and well-being are nurtured, protected, and preserved where people live, learn, work, and play. All of our nation's institutions have important roles to play even if they do not think of their purpose as fundamentally linked to health and well-being. The rich discussions found throughout Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health make way for the translation of policies and actions to improve health and health equity for all citizens of our society. The major health problems of our time cannot be solved by health care alone. They cannot be solved by public health alone. Collective action is needed, and it is needed now.
Book Synopsis Social Epidemiology by : Lisa F. Berkman
Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Download or read book Health Behavior written by Karen Glanz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential health behavior text, updated with the latest theories, research, and issues Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides a thorough introduction to understanding and changing health behavior, core tenets of the public health role. Covering theory, applications, and research, this comprehensive book has become the gold standard of health behavior texts. This new fifth edition has been updated to reflect the most recent changes in the public health field with a focus on health behavior, including coverage of the intersection of health and community, culture, and communication, with detailed explanations of both established and emerging theories. Offering perspective applicable at the individual, interpersonal, group, and community levels, this essential guide provides the most complete coverage of the field to give public health students and practitioners an authoritative reference for both the theoretical and practical aspects of health behavior. A deep understanding of human behaviors is essential for effective public health and health care management. This guide provides the most complete, up-to-date information in the field, to give you a real-world understanding and the background knowledge to apply it successfully. Learn how e-health and social media factor into health communication Explore the link between culture and health, and the importance of community Get up to date on emerging theories of health behavior and their applications Examine the push toward evidence-based interventions, and global applications Written and edited by the leading health and social behavior theorists and researchers, Health Behavior: Theory, Research and Practice provides the information and real-world perspective that builds a solid understanding of how to analyze and improve health behaviors and health.
Book Synopsis Diabetes and Women's Health Across the Life Stages by : Janet Heinrich
Download or read book Diabetes and Women's Health Across the Life Stages written by Janet Heinrich and published by . This book was released on 2001-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of persons diagnosed with diabetes increased 5x between 1958 & 1997. More than 16 million Amer. have diabetes, more than half of them women, with the prevalence of diabetes at least 2-4 times higher among women of color. The report looks at the socioeconomic environ. that has contributed to the increase of diabetes & the challenges we face as we seek to educate women about the behavioral changes necessary for prevention. The report is structured to reflect the manifestations of diabetes at different stages of women's life, including the threat of type 1 & the emergence of type 2 diabetes in youth, gestational diabetes among women of childbearing age, & type 2 diabetes as a disease of middle-aged & older women. Charts & tables.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030946921X Total Pages :161 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.
Book Synopsis Geographically Weighted Regression by : A. Stewart Fotheringham
Download or read book Geographically Weighted Regression written by A. Stewart Fotheringham and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-02-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geographical Weighted Regression (GWR) is a new local modelling technique for analysing spatial analysis. This technique allows local as opposed to global models of relationships to be measured and mapped. This is the first and only book on this technique, offering comprehensive coverage on this new 'hot' topic in spatial analysis. * Provides step-by-step examples of how to use the GWR model using data sets and examples on issues such as house price determinants, educational attainment levels and school performance statistics * Contains a broad discussion of and basic concepts on GWR through to ideas on statistical inference for GWR models * uniquely features accompanying author-written software that allows users to undertake sophisticated and complex forms of GWR within a user-friendly, Windows-based, front-end (see book for details).
Book Synopsis Concepts of Epidemiology by : Raj S. Bhopal
Download or read book Concepts of Epidemiology written by Raj S. Bhopal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First edition published in 2002. Second edition published in 2008.
