Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health

Download Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309476836
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Exploring Early Childhood Care and Education Levers to Improve Population Health written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On September 14, 2017, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the intersection of health and early childhood care and education, two key social determinants of health. This workshop follows a 2014 roundtable workshop that considered the interface between the education and health sectors broadly, from research and metrics to cross-sectoral partnerships and financing. The 2017 workshop continued that discussion, with a deeper focus on early childhood (birth through age 5) as a critical period in human development and an important opportunity for educational and related interventions. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the 2017 workshop.

Vibrant and Healthy Kids

Download Vibrant and Healthy Kids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309493382
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vibrant and Healthy Kids by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Vibrant and Healthy Kids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.

Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8

Download Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309324882
Total Pages : 706 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 by : National Research Council

Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.

School Success

Download School Success PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309490766
Total Pages : 99 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis School Success by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book School Success written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-29 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education and health care significantly influence well-being and health outcomes, especially throughout adolescence. In fact, doctors note that performance in school is highly reflective of a child's current and future health. Despite knowledge of this connection, pediatricians are rarely aware of their patients' school performance and have a limited understanding of the education system. Fostering collaboration and aligning efforts within the health and education sectors is a critical step towards building stronger and healthier communities. On June 14, 2018, the National Academies convened a workshop to discuss how efforts within the health sector can support children's education from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade and to explore the barriers between these sectors. The committee also examined case examples of health-education collaboration and opportunities in policy. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

School Involvement in Early Childhood

Download School Involvement in Early Childhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis School Involvement in Early Childhood by : Donna Hinkle

Download or read book School Involvement in Early Childhood written by Donna Hinkle and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public education begins with kindergarten for most children, but an estimated 1 million prekindergarten children are also in public schools, and the number is increasing. In December 1997, the National Institute on Early Childhood Development and Education in the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement convened a group of national, state, and community early childhood and education leaders to discuss the interrelationship between preschool and public education. Meeting participants unanimously agreed on the need to move from the current state of fragmented programs to a coordinated preschool care and education system that is linked with the public school system. Based on discussions at that meeting and on recent related data and research, this publication is intended to provide schools, families, and communities with information and ideas about public school prekindergarten and other preschool care and education initiatives that are linked with public schools. The publication offers insights from meeting participants about public school involvement in early childhood, and provides examples of how states and communities are designing programs to expand and improve preschool care and education. Following an introduction and background information on the meeting, the publication explores the following questions pursued at the meeting: (1) "Why Should Schools Be Involved in Early Childhood?"; (2) "What Roles Should Schools Play in Early Childhood?"; (3) "What Facilitates School Involvement in Early Childhood?"; (4) "What Challenges Do Public Schools Face with Involvement in Early Childhood?"; (5) "What Are the Key Issues for Professional Development?"; and (6) "What Are the Key Research and Evaluation Questions?" The publication concludes with a 52-item bibliography and lists of meeting participants and state early childhood education contacts. (HTH)

The Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce

Download The Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309219345
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce by : National Research Council

Download or read book The Early Childhood Care and Education Workforce written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-03-10 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early childhood care and education (ECCE) settings offer an opportunity to provide children with a solid beginning in all areas of their development. The quality and efficacy of these settings depend largely on the individuals within the ECCE workforce. Policy makers need a complete picture of ECCE teachers and caregivers in order to tackle the persistent challenges facing this workforce. The IOM and the National Research Council hosted a workshop to describe the ECCE workforce and outline its parameters. Speakers explored issues in defining and describing the workforce, the marketplace of ECCE, the effects of the workforce on children, the contextual factors that shape the workforce, and opportunities for strengthening ECCE as a profession.

Primary Care and Public Health

Download Primary Care and Public Health PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309255201
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Primary Care and Public Health by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Primary Care and Public Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring that members of society are healthy and reaching their full potential requires the prevention of disease and injury; the promotion of health and well-being; the assurance of conditions in which people can be healthy; and the provision of timely, effective, and coordinated health care. Achieving substantial and lasting improvements in population health will require a concerted effort from all these entities, aligned with a common goal. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examine the integration of primary care and public health. Primary Care and Public Health identifies the best examples of effective public health and primary care integration and the factors that promote and sustain these efforts, examines ways by which HRSA and CDC can use provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to promote the integration of primary care and public health, and discusses how HRSA-supported primary care systems and state and local public health departments can effectively integrate and coordinate to improve efforts directed at disease prevention. This report is essential for all health care centers and providers, state and local policy makers, educators, government agencies, and the public for learning how to integrate and improve population health.

Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging

Download Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309457513
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Nutrition Across the Lifespan for Healthy Aging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to examine trends and patterns in aging and factors related to healthy aging in the United States, with a focus on nutrition, and how nutrition can sustain and promote healthy aging, not just in late adulthood, but beginning in pregnancy and early childhood and extending throughout the lifespan. Participants discussed the role of nutrition in the aging process at various stages in life, changes in organ systems over the lifespan and changes that occur with age related to cognitive, brain, and mental health, and explored opportunities to move forward in promoting healthy aging in the United States. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Getting to Positive Outcomes for Children in Child Care

Download Getting to Positive Outcomes for Children in Child Care PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309170605
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Getting to Positive Outcomes for Children in Child Care by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Getting to Positive Outcomes for Children in Child Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-12 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of the heightened public and political attention and the movement toward standards and accountability, performance measurement has emerged as an important concern in the early childhood care and education field. At the request of the Department of Health and Human Services' Administration for Children and Families, the Board on Children, Youth, and Families convened two workshops to learn from existing efforts to develop performance measures for early childhood care and education, to consider what would be involved in developing and implementing an effective performance measurement system for this field, and to delineate some critical next steps for moving such an effort forward.

Developing and Administering an Early Childhood Education Program

Download Developing and Administering an Early Childhood Education Program PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780357513200
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (132 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developing and Administering an Early Childhood Education Program by : Shauna Adams

Download or read book Developing and Administering an Early Childhood Education Program written by Shauna Adams and published by . This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you direct, administrate or lead early childhood education, DEVELOPING AND ADMINISTERING AN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION PROGRAM, 10E provides the knowledge and skills you need for success. This comprehensive edition highlights the director's role in leading both people and programs, with an emphasis on business and interpersonal skills. You also learn how to select and implement a high-quality curriculum. Updates present the latest changes in the field, including NAEYC�s 2020 statement on Developmentally Appropriate Practice and new position statement, Advancing Equity. Revised chapters integrate NAEYC's Power to the Profession Unifying Framework. A new chapter addresses leadership during change and crisis. Practical insights guide you through all aspects of directing a program -- from budgeting, facility and equipment to selecting, training and supervising staff; working with children and parents; and handling accrediting, licensing, evaluations and improvements.

Early Childhood Systems

Download Early Childhood Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Teachers College Press
ISBN 13 : 0807771759
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Early Childhood Systems by : Lynn Kagan

Download or read book Early Childhood Systems written by Lynn Kagan and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this seminal volume, leading authorities strategize about how to create early childhood systems that transcend politics and economics to serve the needs of all young children. The authors offer different interpretations of the nature of early childhood systems, discuss the elements necessary to support their development, and examine how effectiveness can be assessed. With a combination of cutting-edge scholarship and practical examples of systems-building efforts taking place in the field, this book provides the foundation educators and policymakers need to take important steps toward developing more conceptually integrated approaches to early childhood care, education, and comprehensive services. Book Features: Provides the only up-to-date, comprehensive examination of early childhood systems.Considers new efforts to expand services, improve quality, maximize resources, and reduce inequities in early childhood.Offers a forum for the field to come together to frame a set of cogent recommendations for the future. Contributors: Kimberly Boller, Andrew Brodsky, Charles Bruner, Dean Clifford, Julia Coffman, Jeanine Coleman, Harriet Dichter, Sangree Froelicher, Eugene García, Stacie Goffin, Jodi Hardin, Karen Hill Scott, Janice Gruendel, Marilou Hyson, Amy Kershaw, Lisa G. Klein, Denise Mauzy, Geoffrey Nagle, Karen Ponder, Ann Reale, Sue Russell, Diana Schaack, Helene M. Stebbins, Jennifer M. Stedron, Kate Tarrant, Kathy R. Thornburg, Kathryn Tout, Fasaha Traylor, Jessica Vick Whittaker Sharon Lynn Kagan is the Virginia and Leonard Marx Professor of Early Childhood and Family Policy and Co-Director of the National Center for Children and Families at Teachers College, Columbia University. Kristie Kauerz is the program director for PreK-3rd Education at Harvard Graduate School of Education (HGSE). “A veritable encyclopedia of ideas on early childhood system building.” —Barbara T. Bowman,Irving B. Harris Professor of Child Development, Erikson Institute “The key to successful change is continued development of the frames of reference. Both editors have respected the past, listened to the implementers, and provided a context for moving forward. Like efforts to build systems of child development, which we must now link to growth in specific children we know by name, the book ends with robust examples of the work in progress. Sharon Lynn Kagan and Kristie Kauerz don't just talk about the work, they participate in the creation of change.” —Sherri Killins, Ed.D, Commissioner, Department of Early Education and Care, Massachusetts

Health and Education in Early Childhood

Download Health and Education in Early Childhood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316061140
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Health and Education in Early Childhood by : Arthur J. Reynolds

Download or read book Health and Education in Early Childhood written by Arthur J. Reynolds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health and Education in Early Childhood presents conceptual issues, research findings, and program and policy implications in promoting well-being in health and education in the first five years of life. Leading researchers in the multidisciplinary fields of early learning and human capital formation explore the themes of the integration of health and education in promoting young children's well-being; the timing of influences on child development; and the focus on multiple levels of strategies to promote healthy early development. Through this, a unique framework is provided to better understand how early childhood health and education predictors and interventions contribute to well-being at individual, family, community and societal levels, and to policy development. Key topics addressed in the chapters include nutritional status, parenting, cognitive development and school readiness, conduct problems and antisocial behavior, obesity, and well-being in later childhood and adulthood.

Early Care and Education for Children in Poverty

Download Early Care and Education for Children in Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 0791495817
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (914 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Early Care and Education for Children in Poverty by : W. Steven Barnett

Download or read book Early Care and Education for Children in Poverty written by W. Steven Barnett and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1998-03-19 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barnett and Boocock present a multi-disciplinary assessment of the long-term outcomes of early care and education in the United States and abroad. Innovative new research, together with up-to-date, comprehensive reviews, provide lessons for the design of early childhood programs, policies, and research. Contributors from the fields of education, psychology, sociology, and economics address questions about the causal relationships through which early childhood programs produce their long-term effects, the characteristics of effective early childhood programs, how nations respond to the global social and economic trends that are changing the lives of children and their families everywhere, child care's effects on maternal labor force participation, the potential and perils of welfare reform, and the implications of national economic and political structures for early care and education policies. A unique feature of the book is its attention to the practical problems of conducting research to support public policy development, translating research results into public policy, and improving communication between researchers and policy makers. The research presented in this important volume clearly establishes that early care and education can permanently improve the lives of children in poverty, provides research-based recommendations for achieving that goal through public policy, and sets an agenda for future research on early care and education's long-term outcomes.

Early Childhood Education and Care in the USA

Download Early Childhood Education and Care in the USA PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Brookes Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Early Childhood Education and Care in the USA by : Debby Cryer

Download or read book Early Childhood Education and Care in the USA written by Debby Cryer and published by Brookes Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research-based text gives readers an overview of early childhood education and care, as well as a new awareness of the strengths, challenges, and concerns facing the system. Highly respected expert contributors give readers clear and concise historical background, illuminating data and findings on the current state of the field, and reflections and insights on future directions. Key areas covered include access to education and care programs, curriculum and program content, staff roles and compensation, specific initiatives, regulatory policy, and funding issues. Equally useful for preservice and in-service professionals, this essential text leaves readers with a thorough understanding of early childhood education and care in the United States.

Early Childhood Education

Download Early Childhood Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University Press of America
ISBN 13 : 9780819182968
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (829 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Early Childhood Education by : Barry Persky

Download or read book Early Childhood Education written by Barry Persky and published by University Press of America. This book was released on 1991 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early childhood education and child care are now widely perceived to be among the central social needs of the nation. Used by more than 100 universities and colleges, the new second edition of this anthology is a collection of over 70 articles which together provide a comprehensive overview of the early childhood situation from a historical, theoretical and practical perspective. These articles enable the reader to understand human development in young children, identify their intellectual strengths and weaknesses, and develop the most effective teaching techniques. Also included is a review of events and conditions resulting in current educational practices. Classroom theory and techniques are examined not only within the U.S., but also run the gamut from the Israeli kibbutz program to current teaching practices in the Soviet Union and China. Contents: National and Historical Perspectives; Philosophical and Theoretical Issues; Critical Issues; Exceptional Children; Curri

The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education

Download The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119148065
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education by : Christopher P. Brown

Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education written by Christopher P. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential resource to the issues surrounding childhood care and education with contributions from noted experts The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education is a comprehensive resource that offers a review of the historical aspects, best practices, and the future directions of the field. With contributions from noted experts in the field, the book contains 30 interdisciplinary essays that explore in-depth the central issues of early childhood care and education. The handbook presents a benchmark reference to the basic knowledge, effective approaches to use with young children, curriculum design, professional development, current policies, and other critical information. The expert contributors address the myriad complex policy and practice issues that are most relevant today. The essays provide insight into topics such as child development and diversity, the sociocultural process of child development, the importance of the home environment in the lives of young children, early childhood special education, teaching and learning literacy, and much more. This important resource: Presents a comprehensive synopsis of the major components of the field of early childhood care and education Contains contributions from leading scholars, researchers, and experts in the field Offers the foundational knowledge and practices for working with young children Puts the focus on how early childhood works and presents an understanding of culture as a foundational component of both child development and early childhood education Written for academic scholars, researchers, advocates, policymakers, and students of early childhood care and education, The Wiley Handbook of Early Childhood Care and Education is a comprehensive resource to the major issues for dealing with childhood care and education with contributions from noted scholars in the field.

Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education

Download Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309470404
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-08-17 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-quality early care and education for children from birth to kindergarten entry is critical to positive child development and has the potential to generate economic returns, which benefit not only children and their families but society at large. Despite the great promise of early care and education, it has been financed in such a way that high-quality early care and education have only been available to a fraction of the families needing and desiring it and does little to further develop the early-care-and-education (ECE) workforce. It is neither sustainable nor adequate to provide the quality of care and learning that children and families needâ€"a shortfall that further perpetuates and drives inequality. Transforming the Financing of Early Care and Education outlines a framework for a funding strategy that will provide reliable, accessible high-quality early care and education for young children from birth to kindergarten entry, including a highly qualified and adequately compensated workforce that is consistent with the vision outlined in the 2015 report, Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8: A Unifying Foundation. The recommendations of this report are based on essential features of child development and early learning, and on principles for high-quality professional practice at the levels of individual practitioners, practice environments, leadership, systems, policies, and resource allocation.