Exploitation of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures

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Author :
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1598290746
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploitation of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures by : John J. Holmes

Download or read book Exploitation of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures written by John J. Holmes and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface ship and submarine magnetic field signatures have been exploited for over 80 years by naval influence mines, and both underwater and airborne surveillance systems. In this book, author John Holmes presents the generating mechanism of the four major shipboard sources of magnetic fields, along with a detailed description of the induced and permanent ferromagnetic signature characteristics.Holmes presents a brief historical summary of magnetic naval mine development during World War II followed by a discussion of important improvements found in modern weapons, including an explanation of the damage mechanism for non-contact explosions. This is followed by a brief historical discussion of underwater and airborne submarine surveillance systems and magnetic field sensing principles, in which mathematical formulations are presented for computing expected target signal strengths and noise levels for several barrier types.Also outlined is a multi-layered defensive strategy against naval mines, with graphical explanations of the relationships between ship signature reduction and minefield clearing effectiveness. Equations for estimating geomagnetic, ocean surface wave, platform, and vector sensor motion noises are presented along with simple algorithms for their reduction.

Exploitation of a Ship’s Magnetic Field Signatures

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Author :
Publisher : BoD - Books on Demand
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Exploitation of a Ship’s Magnetic Field Signatures by : John Holmes

Download or read book Exploitation of a Ship’s Magnetic Field Signatures written by John Holmes and published by BoD - Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Exploitation of a Ship’s Magnetic Field Signatures" by John Holmes is a groundbreaking exploration of naval technology and strategic warfare. Holmes delves into the intricate realm of magnetic field signatures emanating from ships, unraveling their implications for military operations and defense systems. The book meticulously examines how adversaries can exploit these magnetic signatures for tactical advantage or to devise countermeasures. Holmes, with authoritative expertise, offers insights into the implications for naval tactics, submarine warfare, and the development of magnetic signature mitigation technologies. This work stands as an indispensable guide for naval professionals, defense analysts, and technology enthusiasts, providing a thorough understanding of the nuanced interplay between magnetic fields and maritime security. As a seminal contribution to the field, Holmes' work navigates the complex waters of magnetic signature exploitation, making it a must-read for anyone seeking a deeper comprehension of naval strategy and modern defense mechanisms.

Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures

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Author :
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1598292498
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (982 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures by : John Holmes

Download or read book Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures written by John Holmes and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2008-10-08 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decreasing the magnetic field signature of a naval vessel will reduce its susceptibility to detonating naval influence mines and the probability of a submarine being detected by underwater barriers and maritime patrol aircraft. Both passive and active techniques for reducing the magnetic signatures produced by a vessel's ferromagnetism, roll-induced eddy currents, corrosion-related sources, and stray fields are presented. Mathematical models of simple hull shapes are used to predict the levels of signature reduction that might be achieved through the use of alternate construction materials. Also, the process of demagnetizing a steel-hulled ship is presented, along with the operation of shaft-grounding systems, paints, and alternate configurations for power distribution cables. In addition, active signature reduction technologies are described, such as degaussing and deamping, which attempt to cancel the fields surrounding a surface ship or submarine rather than eliminate its source. Table of Contents: Introduction / Passive Magnetic Silencing Techniques / Active Signature Compensation / Summary

Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017080
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures by : John Holmes

Download or read book Reduction of a Ship's Magnetic Field Signatures written by John Holmes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decreasing the magnetic field signature of a naval vessel will reduce its susceptibility to detonating naval influence mines and the probability of a submarine being detected by underwater barriers and maritime patrol aircraft. Both passive and active techniques for reducing the magnetic signatures produced by a vessel's ferromagnetism, roll-induced eddy currents, corrosion-related sources, and stray fields are presented. Mathematical models of simple hull shapes are used to predict the levels of signature reduction that might be achieved through the use of alternate construction materials. Also, the process of demagnetizing a steel-hulled ship is presented, along with the operation of shaft-grounding systems, paints, and alternate configurations for power distribution cables. In addition, active signature reduction technologies are described, such as degaussing and deamping, which attempt to cancel the fields surrounding a surface ship or submarine rather than eliminate its source. Table of Contents: Introduction / Passive Magnetic Silencing Techniques / Active Signature Compensation / Summary

Modeling a Ship’s Ferromagnetic Signatures

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303101698X
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling a Ship’s Ferromagnetic Signatures by : John Holmes

Download or read book Modeling a Ship’s Ferromagnetic Signatures written by John Holmes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferromagnetic models of ships and submarines that predict or reproduce their magnetic signatures have found applications in the development of both offensive and defensive military systems from World War II to the present. The mathematical basis of generalized coordinate systems will be presented and demonstrated with example applications to analytic spherical and prolate spheroidal magnetic ship models. In addition, the advantages and pitfalls of using complex finite-element- and boundary-element numerical techniques to predict high-order near-field ship signatures will be discussed, followed by a short description of the design and testing of complementary physical scale models. Extrapolation of measured magnetic signatures from testing environments to threat areas using semi-empirical math models will be presented, along with an explanation of their inherent instabilities and methods for regularizing them. These magnetic ship signature modeling techniques are used today in designing optimized signature reduction systems that have a minimum impact on ships and their systems. The discussion will be closed with an important discussion of the verification and validation of magnetic models of surface ships and submarines.

NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2018

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9462652465
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (626 download)

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Book Synopsis NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2018 by : H. Monsuur

Download or read book NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2018 written by H. Monsuur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive study of border control: from data analysis andinformation warfare, frameworks for command and control, and game-theoretic riskmanagement, up to the (optimal) deployment of law enforcement missions. Innovative about this book is that it approaches the subject from several angles, aimingto connect theory and practice of law enforcement missions with risk management and/or quantitative modelling. Some chapters focus on legal challenges and informationwarfare, while others provide quantitative modelling of military asset deployment inthe area of interest, or show the benefits of cooperative wireless sensor networks forborder control. A case study of the Dutch Border Security Team supplements the theory. The publication is ideally suited for reference use by students, academicians, researchersand professionals in the field of border control and related areas. H. Monsuur is Professor of Military Operations Research, J.M. Jansen is AssociateProfessor of Operational ICT, and F.J. Marchal is Lecturer of International/MilitaryLaw at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in DenHelder, The Netherlands.

HSMV 2023

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Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 1643684434
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis HSMV 2023 by : E. Begovic

Download or read book HSMV 2023 written by E. Begovic and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2023-11-09 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing awareness for sustainable mobility and the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions call for immediate action in the maritime industry. Technical improvements, such as the hydrodynamic optimization, innovations in energy saving devices, new propulsion systems and power supplies can contribute to such achievements. This challenge is even more demanding for high speed marine craft. This book presents the proceedings of HSMV2023, the 13th International Symposium on High Speed Marine Vehicles, held from 23 to 25 October 2023 in Naples, Italy. The conference attracts academics, researchers, designers, operators and shipowners. It provides a platform for the presentation and discussion of developments in the design, construction and operation of high speed marine vessels. More than 40 submissions were received; 27 papers were selected for presentation and publication in this book after a rigorous review process. The book provides an overview of current innovations and developments, and can be a reference for all those working in the field of high-speed marine vehicles.

High-Tc Superconducting Technology

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000375064
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Tc Superconducting Technology by : Muralidhar Miryala

Download or read book High-Tc Superconducting Technology written by Muralidhar Miryala and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitigating climate change, clean environment, global peace, financial growth, and future development of the world require new materials that improve the quality of life. Superconductivity, in general, allows perfect current transmission without losses. This makes it a valuable resource for sustainability in several aspects. High-temperature superconducting (HTSC) materials will be crucial for sustainable everyday applications and more attractive for the United Nations’ SDGs. Superconducting magnets can be used as high-field magnets in magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance, water purification, magnetic drug delivery, etc. Hunger can be partly avoided if there is sustainability in agriculture. In the future, DC electric energy from solar plants in Africa could be transported worldwide, especially to cold countries, using superconducting cables. Superconducting technology is an efficient way to create sustainability as well as reduce greenhouse gases. This book presents the latest global achievements in the processing and applications of high-Tc superconductors and discusses the usefulness of the SDGs. It summarizes the related advances in materials science and developments with respect to the SDGs. The book also covers large-scale applications of HTSC materials, which will be connected to the SDGs, addressed by several eminent scientists, including Prof. M. Murakami, president, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan; Prof. D. Cardwell, pro-vice chancellor, University of Cambridge, UK; and Prof. N. Long, director, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.

Underwater Communications

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031016785
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Underwater Communications by : Marco Lanzagorta

Download or read book Underwater Communications written by Marco Lanzagorta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underwater vehicles and underwater moorings are increasing in tactical importance. As such, it is critical to have a robust and secure communication system connecting underwater vehicles on a long seaborne mission and a ground station. As a matter of fact, the deployment of efficient communication links with underwater vehicles is one of the greatest technological challenges presently confronted by the world's naval forces. To circumvent most of the limitations involved in the use of RF or acoustic channels for perfectly secure communications with underwater vehicles, it is worth considering the feasibility of an optical channel to facilitate a two-way satellite communication link secured via perfectly secure ciphers enabled by a quantum key distribution protocol. This book offers a concise review of underwater communications systems. Our approach is pedagogical, making a strong emphasis on the physics behind the attenuating properties of the oceanic environment and the propagation of electromagnetic signals in the ELF, VLF, and optical bands. We assume the reader is familiar with the basic principles of classical electrodynamics and optics. The system design, components, and noise analysis of an underwater optical communications device are discussed in detail. Furthermore, we offer simulations of the performance of the communication system for different types of ocean waters. Our final conclusion is that it appears to be feasible to design and build underwater communications using optical classical and quantum channels secured with quantum key distribution protocols. Table of Contents: Introduction / Electrodynamics of Attenuating Media / Underwater Communication Channels / Underwater Optical Communications: Technology / Underwater Optical Communications: Noise Analysis / Underwater Optical Communications: System Performance / Underwater Quantum Communications / Conclusions PDF (1764 KB) PDF Plus (1444 KB)

Navy's N-Layer Magnetic Model with Application to Naval Magnetic Demining

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis Navy's N-Layer Magnetic Model with Application to Naval Magnetic Demining by : Sam Poteete

Download or read book Navy's N-Layer Magnetic Model with Application to Naval Magnetic Demining written by Sam Poteete and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Navy and Marine Corps' Forward ... From the Sea strategic concept has expanded naval operations from open-ocean, blue-water combat environments to the littoral regions in which naval mines can both be an extremely menacing threat to U.S. forces and an effective force multiplier for the Fleet. The Navy/Marine Corps must have efficient Mine Warfare (MIW) forces to ensure the Fleet can carry out operations in the open ocean and littorals, including maintaining open sea lanes of communication and supporting Ship-to- Objective Maneuver Warfare from the Sea while denying operating areas to the enemy. Every ship has a magnetic signature, which is caused by its iron and steel components. Additionally, the earth's natural magnetic field induces a magnetization in a ship depending on its latitude, longitude, and heading. Exploitation of surface ship and submarine magnetic field signatures by naval influence mines has occurred throughout time. In order to calculate the swept path width for magnetic minesweeping systems currently in use by the U.S. Mine Warfare (MIW) forces, it is necessary to calculate the vector components of the magnetic field strength which are generated by each of several possible system configurations. The Navy's Magnetic Model addresses this needed capability. The Navy's N-Layer Magnetic Model (NLMM) is used to predict the expected performance of magnetic minesweeping equipment in a complex environment consisting of N layers, each with arbitrary conductivity and thickness. The model is used to compute the magnetic field strength produced by various U.S. Navy magnetic minesweeping configurations using a random environmental vertical conductivity structure. To better determine which parameters had the greatest effect on the model, and which could be simplified or enhanced, a series of tests were run on actual data sets.

Double-Grid Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) Method for Scattering from Chiral Objects

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017153
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Double-Grid Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) Method for Scattering from Chiral Objects by : Erdogan Alkan

Download or read book Double-Grid Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) Method for Scattering from Chiral Objects written by Erdogan Alkan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the application of the overlapping grids approach to solve chiral material problems using the FDFD method. Due to the two grids being used in the technique, we will name this method as Double-Grid Finite Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) method. As a result of this new approach the electric and magnetic field components are defined at every node in the computation space. Thus, there is no need to perform averaging during the calculations as in the aforementioned FDFD technique [16]. We formulate general 3D frequency-domain numerical methods based on double-grid (DG-FDFD) approach for general bianisotropic materials. The validity of the derived formulations for different scattering problems has been shown by comparing the obtained results to exact and other solutions obtained using different numerical methods. Table of Contents: Introduction / Chiral Media / Basics of the Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (FDFD) Method / The Double-Grid Finite-Difference Frequency-Domain (DG-FDFD) Method for Bianisotropic Medium / Scattering FromThree Dimensional Chiral Structures / ImprovingTime and Memory Efficiencies of FDFD Methods / Conclusions / Appendix A: Notations / Appendix B: Near to Far FieldTransformation

The proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811915326
Total Pages : 1382 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis The proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society by : Jinghan He

Download or read book The proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society written by Jinghan He and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-22 with total page 1382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers outstanding papers presented at the 16th Annual Conference of China Electrotechnical Society, organized by China Electrotechnical Society (CES), held in Beijing, China, from September 24 to 26, 2021. It covers topics such as electrical technology, power systems, electromagnetic emission technology, and electrical equipment. It introduces the innovative solutions that combine ideas from multiple disciplines. The book is very much helpful and useful for the researchers, engineers, practitioners, research students, and interested readers.

Scattering Analysis of Periodic Structures using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017137
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scattering Analysis of Periodic Structures using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method by : Khaled ElMahgoub

Download or read book Scattering Analysis of Periodic Structures using Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method written by Khaled ElMahgoub and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Periodic structures are of great importance in electromagnetics due to their wide range of applications such as frequency selective surfaces (FSS), electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures, periodic absorbers, meta-materials, and many others. The aim of this book is to develop efficient computational algorithms to analyze the scattering properties of various electromagnetic periodic structures using the finite-difference time-domain periodic boundary condition (FDTD/PBC) method. A new FDTD/PBC-based algorithm is introduced to analyze general skewed grid periodic structures while another algorithm is developed to analyze dispersive periodic structures. Moreover, the proposed algorithms are successfully integrated with the generalized scattering matrix (GSM) technique, identified as the hybrid FDTD-GSM algorithm, to efficiently analyze multilayer periodic structures. All the developed algorithms are easy to implement and are efficient in both computational time and memory usage. These algorithms are validated through several numerical test cases. The computational methods presented in this book will help scientists and engineers to investigate and design novel periodic structures and to explore other research frontiers in electromagnetics. Table of Contents: Introduction / FDTD Method and Periodic Boundary Conditions / Skewed Grid Periodic Structures / Dispersive Periodic Structures / Multilayered Periodic Structures / Conclusions

Multiresolution Frequency Domain Technique for Electromagnetics

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017145
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiresolution Frequency Domain Technique for Electromagnetics by : Mesut Gökten

Download or read book Multiresolution Frequency Domain Technique for Electromagnetics written by Mesut Gökten and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, a general frequency domain numerical method similar to the finite difference frequency domain (FDFD) technique is presented. The proposed method, called the multiresolution frequency domain (MRFD) technique, is based on orthogonal Battle-Lemarie and biorthogonal Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau (CDF) wavelets. The objective of developing this new technique is to achieve a frequency domain scheme which exhibits improved computational efficiency figures compared to the traditional FDFD method: reduced memory and simulation time requirements while retaining numerical accuracy. The newly introduced MRFD scheme is successfully applied to the analysis of a number of electromagnetic problems, such as computation of resonance frequencies of one and three dimensional resonators, analysis of propagation characteristics of general guided wave structures, and electromagnetic scattering from two dimensional dielectric objects. The efficiency characteristics of MRFD techniques based on different wavelets are compared to each other and that of the FDFD method. Results indicate that the MRFD techniques provide substantial savings in terms of execution time and memory requirements, compared to the traditional FDFD method. Table of Contents: Introduction / Basics of the Finite Difference Method and Multiresolution Analysis / Formulation of the Multiresolution Frequency Domain Schemes / Application of MRFD Formulation to Closed Space Structures / Application of MRFD Formulation to Open Space Structures / A Multiresolution Frequency Domain Formulation for Inhomogeneous Media / Conclusion

Accurate Computation of Mathieu Functions

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303101717X
Total Pages : 123 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Accurate Computation of Mathieu Functions by : Andrew Peterson

Download or read book Accurate Computation of Mathieu Functions written by Andrew Peterson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lecture presents a modern approach for the computation of Mathieu functions. These functions find application in boundary value analysis such as electromagnetic scattering from elliptic cylinders and flat strips, as well as the analogous acoustic and optical problems, and many other applications in science and engineering. The authors review the traditional approach used for these functions, show its limitations, and provide an alternative "tuned" approach enabling improved accuracy and convergence. The performance of this approach is investigated for a wide range of parameters and machine precision. Examples from electromagnetic scattering are provided for illustration and to show the convergence of the typical series that employ Mathieu functions for boundary value analysis.

Selected Asymptotic Methods with Applications to Electromagnetics and Antennas

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017161
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Selected Asymptotic Methods with Applications to Electromagnetics and Antennas by : George Fikioris

Download or read book Selected Asymptotic Methods with Applications to Electromagnetics and Antennas written by George Fikioris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and illustrates the application of several asymptotic methods that have proved useful in the authors' research in electromagnetics and antennas. We first define asymptotic approximations and expansions and explain these concepts in detail. We then develop certain prerequisites from complex analysis such as power series, multivalued functions (including the concepts of branch points and branch cuts), and the all-important gamma function. Of particular importance is the idea of analytic continuation (of functions of a single complex variable); our discussions here include some recent, direct applications to antennas and computational electromagnetics. Then, specific methods are discussed. These include integration by parts and the Riemann-Lebesgue lemma, the use of contour integration in conjunction with other methods, techniques related to Laplace's method and Watson's lemma, the asymptotic behavior of certain Fourier sine and cosine transforms, and the Poisson summation formula (including its version for finite sums). Often underutilized in the literature are asymptotic techniques based on the Mellin transform; our treatment of this subject complements the techniques presented in our recent Synthesis Lecture on the exact (not asymptotic) evaluation of integrals.

An Introduction to the Locally Corrected Nystrom Method

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017102
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis An Introduction to the Locally Corrected Nystrom Method by : Andrew Peterson

Download or read book An Introduction to the Locally Corrected Nystrom Method written by Andrew Peterson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lecture provides a tutorial introduction to the Nyström and locally-corrected Nyström methods when used for the numerical solutions of the common integral equations of two-dimensional electromagnetic fields. These equations exhibit kernel singularities that complicate their numerical solution. Classical and generalized Gaussian quadrature rules are reviewed. The traditional Nyström method is summarized, and applied to the magnetic field equation for illustration. To obtain high order accuracy in the numerical results, the locally-corrected Nyström method is developed and applied to both the electric field and magnetic field equations. In the presence of target edges, where current or charge density singularities occur, the method must be extended through the use of appropriate singular basis functions and special quadrature rules. This extension is also described. Table of Contents: Introduction / Classical Quadrature Rules / The Classical Nyström Method / The Locally-Corrected Nyström Method / Generalized Gaussian Quadrature / LCN Treatment of Edge Singularities