Explaining The Variation Of Conflict Related Sexual Violence

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Explaining the Variation of Conflict-related Sexual Violence

Author : Laura Albarracin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining the Variation of Conflict-related Sexual Violence by : Laura Albarracin

Download or read book Explaining the Variation of Conflict-related Sexual Violence written by Laura Albarracin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wartime sexual violence belongs to one of the most horrific aspects of modern warfare. However, unlike much of the literature until the early 2000s suggested, it is not a ubiquitous element of war. The prevalence of sexual violence varies not only across conflicts but also within them. This thesis analyzes the variation of conflict-related sexual violence through a comparison of two Colombian armed groups, the Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC). Drawing from theories that link the organizational structures of armed groups to their violence repertoires, it examines the importance of group norms, the gendered composition of armed groups and the effectiveness of command and control structures to explain the variation of conflict-related violence in the Colombian conflict. The findings suggest that the combination of group norms banning the sexual victimization of civilians, high levels of female participation and strict command and control account for the relative absence of sexual violence from the FARC's violence repertoire. On the other hand, the absence of group wide norms coupled with weak hierarchical and disciplinary strength explains the high levels of sexual abuse perpetrated by the AUC.

Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones

Author : Elizabeth D. Heineman
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812204344
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones by : Elizabeth D. Heineman

Download or read book Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones written by Elizabeth D. Heineman and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, sexual violence in conflict zones has received much media attention. In large part as a result of grassroots feminist organizing in the 1970s and 1980s, mass rapes in the wars in the former Yugoslavia and during the Rwandan genocide received widespread coverage, and international organizations—from courts to NGOs to the UN—have engaged in systematic efforts to hold perpetrators accountable and to ameliorate the effects of wartime sexual violence. Yet many millennia of conflict preceded these developments, and we know little about the longer-term history of conflict-based sexual violence. Sexual Violence in Conflict Zones helps to fill in the historical gaps. It provides insight into subjects that are of deep concern to the human rights community, such as the aftermath of conflict-based sexual violence, legal strategies for prosecuting it, the economic functions of sexual violence, and the ways perceived religious or racial difference can create or aggravate settings of sexual danger. Essays in the volume span a broad geographic, chronological, and thematic scope, touching on the ancient world, medieval Europe, the American Revolutionary War, precolonial and colonial Africa, Muslim Central Asia, the two world wars, and the Bangladeshi War of Independence. By considering a wide variety of cases, the contributors analyze the factors making sexual violence in conflict zones more or less likely and the resulting trauma more or less devastating. Topics covered range from the experiences of victims and the motivations of perpetrators, to the relationship between wartime and peacetime sexual violence, to the historical background of the contemporary feminist-inflected human rights moment. In bringing together historical and contemporary perspectives, this wide-ranging collection provides historians and human rights activists with tools for understanding long-term consequences of sexual violence as war-ravaged societies struggle to achieve postconflict stability.

Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict

Author : Janie L. Leatherman
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0745658350
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict by : Janie L. Leatherman

Download or read book Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict written by Janie L. Leatherman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-26 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, hundreds of thousands of women become victims of sexual violence in conflict zones around the world; in the Democratic Republic of Congo alone, approximately 1,100 rapes are reported each month. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the causes, consequences and responses to sexual violence in contemporary armed conflict. It explores the function and effect of wartime sexual violence and examines the conditions that make women and girls most vulnerable to these acts both before, during and after conflict. To understand the motivations of the men (and occasionally women) who perpetrate this violence, the book analyzes the role played by systemic and situational factors such as patriarchy and militarized masculinity. Difficult questions of accountability are tackled; in particular, the case of child soldiers, who often suffer a double victimization when forced to commit sexual atrocities. The book concludes by looking at strategies of prevention and protection as well as new programs being set up on the ground to support the rehabilitation of survivors and their communities. Sexual violence in war has long been a taboo subject but, as this book shows, new and courageous steps are at last being taken Ð at both local and international level - to end what has been called the “greatest silence in history”.

Countering Sexual Violence in Conflict

Author : Jamille Bigio
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
ISBN 13 : 087609728X
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Countering Sexual Violence in Conflict by : Jamille Bigio

Download or read book Countering Sexual Violence in Conflict written by Jamille Bigio and published by Council on Foreign Relations. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual violence in conflict is not simply a gross violation of human rights—it is also a security challenge.

Conflict-Related Violence against Women

Author : Aisling Swaine
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108327109
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Conflict-Related Violence against Women by : Aisling Swaine

Download or read book Conflict-Related Violence against Women written by Aisling Swaine and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By comparatively assessing three conflict-affected jurisdictions (Liberia, Northern Ireland and Timor-Leste), Conflict-Related Violence against Women empirically and theoretically expands current understanding of the form and nature of conflict-time harms impacting women. The 'violences' that occur in conflict beyond strategic rape are first identified. Employing both a disaggregated and an aggregated approach, relations between forms of violence within and across each context's pre-, mid- and post-conflict phase are then assessed, identifying connections and distinctions in violence. Swaine highlights a wider spectrum of conflict-related violence against women than is currently acknowledged. She identifies a range of forces that simultaneously push open and close down spaces for addressing violence against women through post-conflict transitional justice. The book proposes that in the aftermath of conflict, a transformation rather than a transition is required if justice is to play a role in preventing gendered violence before conflict and its appearance during and after conflict.

Prosecuting Conflict-related Sexual Violence at the ICTY

Author : Serge Brammertz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198768567
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Prosecuting Conflict-related Sexual Violence at the ICTY by : Serge Brammertz

Download or read book Prosecuting Conflict-related Sexual Violence at the ICTY written by Serge Brammertz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although sexual violence directed at both females and males is a reality in many on-going conflicts throughout the world today, accountability for the perpetrators of such violence remains the exception rather than the rule. While awareness of the problem is growing, more effective approaches are urgently needed for the investigation and prosecution of conflict-related sexual violence crimes. Upon its establishment in 1993, the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) began the challenging task of prosecuting the perpetrators of conflict-related sexual violence crimes, alongside the many other atrocities committed during the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. This book documents the experiences, achievements, challenges, and fundamental insights of the OTP in prosecuting conflict-related sexual violence crimes at the ICTY over the past two decades. It draws on an extensive dossier of OTP documentation, court filings, trial exhibits, testimony, ICTY judgements, and other materials, as well as interviews with current and former OTP staff members. The authors provide a unique analytical perspective on the obstacles faced in prioritizing, investigating, and prosecuting conflict-related sexual violence crimes. While ICTY has made great strides in developing international criminal law in this area, this volume exposes the pressing need for determined and increasingly sophisticated strategies in order to overcome the ongoing obstacles in prosecuting conflict-related sexual violence crimes. The book presents concrete recommendations to inform future work being done at the national and international levels, including that of the International Criminal Court, international investigation commissions, and countries developing transitional justice processes. It provides an essential resource for investigators and criminal lawyers, human rights fact-finders, policy makers, rule of law experts, and academics.

Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict

Author : Megan Bastick
Publisher : Dcaf
ISBN 13 : 9789292220594
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (25 download)

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Book Synopsis Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict by : Megan Bastick

Download or read book Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict written by Megan Bastick and published by Dcaf. This book was released on 2007 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In it's first part, the Global Overview, the report profiles documented conflict-related sexual violence in 51 countries - in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and the Middle East - that have experienced armed conflict over the past twenty years. The second part of the report, entitled Implications for the Security Sector, explores strategies for security and justice actors to prevent and respond to sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations"--P. 4 of cover.

Rape during Civil War

Author : Dara Kay Cohen
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501706535
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Rape during Civil War by : Dara Kay Cohen

Download or read book Rape during Civil War written by Dara Kay Cohen and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-14 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rape is common during wartime, but even within the context of the same war, some armed groups perpetrate rape on a massive scale while others never do. In Rape during Civil War Dara Kay Cohen examines variation in the severity and perpetrators of rape using an original dataset of reported rape during all major civil wars from 1980 to 2012. Cohen also conducted extensive fieldwork, including interviews with perpetrators of wartime rape, in three postconflict counties, finding that rape was widespread in the civil wars of the Sierra Leone and Timor-Leste but was far less common during El Salvador’s civil war. Cohen argues that armed groups that recruit their fighters through the random abduction of strangers use rape—and especially gang rape—to create bonds of loyalty and trust between soldiers. The statistical evidence confirms that armed groups that recruit using abduction are more likely to perpetrate rape than are groups that use voluntary methods, even controlling for other confounding factors. Important findings from the fieldwork—across cases—include that rape, even when it occurs on a massive scale, rarely seems to be directly ordered. Instead, former fighters describe participating in rape as a violent socialization practice that served to cut ties with fighters’ past lives and to signal their commitment to their new groups. Results from the book lay the groundwork for the systematic analysis of an understudied form of civilian abuse. The book will also be useful to policymakers and organizations seeking to understand and to mitigate the horrors of wartime rape.

The Dynamics of Conflict-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence

Author : Sara E. Davies
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3111321088
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Conflict-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence by : Sara E. Davies

Download or read book The Dynamics of Conflict-Related Sexual and Gender-Based Violence written by Sara E. Davies and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-08-05 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the international importance attached to the reporting of conflict-related sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) over the last two decades, scholars have been able to examine the magnitude of the problem across different situations and types of conflict. But what changes to intensity and type of violence occur during different phrases of conflict intensity? Is reporting consistent across different conflicts and different regional experiences of conflict-related SGBV? This book examines different conflict situations in Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Asia over the past decade, 2010–2020. The chapters in the book use a mixed-method approach to explore the patterns of violence in situations of one-sided violence, state-led violence, non-state-led violence, low intensity violence, terrorism and fragility. They investigate the trajectory of international and prevention efforts, and the development of country-level responses to reports of sexual and gender-based violence in these various conflict situations. The book explains how and why these responses were mobilised in response to reports and considers the conditions for effective reporting in real time considering the patterns and the structural root causes of the violence.

Wartime Sexual Violence at the International Level: A Legal Perspective

Author : Caterina E. Arrabal Ward
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004360085
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Wartime Sexual Violence at the International Level: A Legal Perspective by : Caterina E. Arrabal Ward

Download or read book Wartime Sexual Violence at the International Level: A Legal Perspective written by Caterina E. Arrabal Ward and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Wartime Sexual Violence at the International Level: A Legal Perspective Dr. Caterina Arrabal Ward discusses the understanding of wartime sexual violence by the international tribunals and argues that wartime sexual violence often takes place without the explicit purpose to destroy a community or population and is not necessarily a strategic choice. This research suggests that a more focused approach based on a much clearer definition of these crimes would help to remedy deficiencies at the different stages of international justice in relation to these crimes.

In Plain Sight

Author : Gaby Zipfel
Publisher : Zubaan Books
ISBN 13 : 9789385932816
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (328 download)

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Book Synopsis In Plain Sight by : Gaby Zipfel

Download or read book In Plain Sight written by Gaby Zipfel and published by Zubaan Books. This book was released on 2020-11-22 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is now well-known how pervasive sexual violence is in situations of war and peace, not enough has been done to work towards its prevention. Compiled by the international research group Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict, this volume takes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding wartime sexual violence. Its inquiry employs four key relationships: war and power, violence and sexuality, gender and engendering, and visibility and invisibility. Within these subjects, the authors identify gaps in existing knowledge to develop a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the field. Through essays, reflections, and conversations, they show how such violence is polymorphic and heterogenous. Women's activism and research, according to them, has done a great deal to draw attention to sexual violence, showing how it is man-made and is structured by cultural, social, and historical conditions. Together, the contributors make a powerful argument for urgency in addressing this major issue across the world by listening to the voices of women on the ground.

Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence

Author : Philipp Schulz
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520303741
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence by : Philipp Schulz

Download or read book Male Survivors of Wartime Sexual Violence written by Philipp Schulz and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. Although wartime sexual violence against men occurs more frequently than is commonly assumed, its dynamics are remarkably underexplored, and male survivors’ experiences remain particularly overlooked. This reality is poignant in northern Uganda, where sexual violence against men during the early stages of the conflict was geographically widespread, yet now accounts of those incidents are not just silenced and neglected locally but also widely absent from analyses of the war. Based on rare empirical data, this book seeks to remedy this marginalization and to illuminate the seldom-heard voices of male sexual violence survivors in northern Uganda, bringing to light their experiences of gendered harms, agency, and justice.

The Commander's Dilemma

Author : Amelia Hoover Green
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501726498
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Commander's Dilemma by : Amelia Hoover Green

Download or read book The Commander's Dilemma written by Amelia Hoover Green and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do some military and rebel groups commit many types of violence, creating an impression of senseless chaos, whereas others carefully control violence against civilians? A classic catch-22 faces the leaders of armed groups and provides the title for Amelia Hoover Green’s book. Leaders need large groups of people willing to kill and maim—but to do so only under strict control. How can commanders control violence when fighters who are not under direct supervision experience extraordinary stress, fear, and anger? The Commander’s Dilemma argues that discipline is not enough in wartime. Restraint occurs when fighters know why they are fighting and believe in the cause—that is, when commanders invest in political education. Drawing on extraordinary evidence about state and nonstate groups in El Salvador, and extending her argument to the Mano River wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, Amelia Hoover Green shows that investments in political education can improve human rights outcomes even where rational incentives for restraint are weak—and that groups whose fighters lack a sense of purpose may engage in massive violence even where incentives for restraint are strong. Hoover Green concludes that high levels of violence against civilians should be considered a "default setting," not an aberration.

International Law and Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts

Author : Chile Eboe-Osuji
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9004227229
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis International Law and Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts by : Chile Eboe-Osuji

Download or read book International Law and Sexual Violence in Armed Conflicts written by Chile Eboe-Osuji and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual violence is a particular brand of evil that women have endured—more than men—during armed conflicts, through the ages. It is a menace that has continued to challenge the conscience of humanity—especially in our times. At the international level, basic laws aimed at preventing it are not in short supply. What is needed is a more conscious determination to enforce existing laws. This book explores ways of doing just that; thereby shoring up international legal protection of women from sexual violence in armed conflicts.

Understanding Violence Against Women

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309175836
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Violence Against Women by : National Research Council

Download or read book Understanding Violence Against Women written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-06-07 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence against women is one factor in the growing wave of alarm about violence in American society. High-profile cases such as the O.J. Simpson trial call attention to the thousands of lesser-known but no less tragic situations in which women's lives are shattered by beatings or sexual assault. The search for solutions has highlighted not only what we know about violence against women but also what we do not know. How can we achieve the best understanding of this problem and its complex ramifications? What research efforts will yield the greatest benefit? What are the questions that must be answered? Understanding Violence Against Women presents a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifies four areas with the greatest potential return from a research investment by increasing the understanding of and responding to domestic violence and rape: What interventions are designed to do, whom they are reaching, and how to reach the many victims who do not seek help. Factors that put people at risk of violence and that precipitate violence, including characteristics of offenders. The scope of domestic violence and sexual assault in America and its conequences to individuals, families, and society, including costs. How to structure the study of violence against women to yield more useful knowledge. Despite the news coverage and talk shows, the real fundamental nature of violence against women remains unexplored and often misunderstood. Understanding Violence Against Women provides direction for increasing knowledge that can help ameliorate this national problem.

Of Virgins and Martyrs

Author : David Jacobson
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 142140754X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Of Virgins and Martyrs by : David Jacobson

Download or read book Of Virgins and Martyrs written by David Jacobson and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women's bodies have become a battleground. Around the world, people argue about veiling, schooling for Afghan girls, and "SlutWalk" protests, all of which involve issues of women's sexuality and freedom. Globalization, with its emphasis on human rights and individuality, heats up these arguments. In Of Virgins and Martyrs, David Jacobson takes the reader on a fascinating tour of how self-identity developed throughout history and what individualism means for Muslim societies struggling to maintain a sense of honor in a globalized twenty-first century. Some patriarchal societies have come to see women’s control of their own sexuality as a threat to a way of life that goes back thousands of years. Many trace their lineage to tribal cultures that were organized around the idea that women’s virginity represents the honor of male relatives and the good of the community at large. Anyone or anything that influences women to the contrary is considered a corrupting and potentially calamitous force. Jacobson analyzes the connection between tribal patriarchy and Muslim radicalism through an innovative tool—the tribal patriarchy index. This index helps to illuminate why women's sexuality, dress, and image so compel militant Muslim outrage and sometimes violent action, revealing a deeper human story of how women's status defines competing moral visions of society and why this present clash is erupting with such ferocity. -- Subrata Mitra, Department of Political Science, and South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg

A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator Characteristics and Behaviors

Author : Sarah Michal Greathouse
Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator Characteristics and Behaviors by : Sarah Michal Greathouse

Download or read book A Review of the Literature on Sexual Assault Perpetrator Characteristics and Behaviors written by Sarah Michal Greathouse and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sexual assault continues to be a pervasive problem, both for society in general and within the military community. To assist the Air Force in its continued efforts to combat sexual assault within its ranks, we reviewed the existing empirical literature on the characteristics and behaviors of adult perpetrators who commit sexual assault against other adults. Our search was not limited to studies of military populations. While a vast majority of the existing literature has focused on sole male perpetrators who assault female victims, we identified some research on other types of perpetrators, including female sexual assault perpetrators, men who perpetrate assault against other men, and perpetrators who participate in group sexual assault. This body of research indicates that adult perpetrators are diverse in terms of their demographics, background characteristics, and motivations. Moreover, research indicates that sexual assault perpetration is likely influenced by a combination of factors, including an individual's developmental and family history; his or her personality, including attitudes/cognitions; and environmental factors, including peer attitudes and alcohol consumption. The complexity of factors that influence sexual assault perpetration and the multiple pathways that lead to an attack make it difficult to predict whether an individual is prone to commit sexual assault. While predicting sexual assault perpetration is problematic, we identified a number of factors related to perpetration that may be relevant for intervention efforts and offer recommendations for the Air Force"--Publisher's web site.