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Experiments On The Effects Of Dilution And Fuel Composition On Ignition Of Gasoline And Alternative Fuels In A Rapid Compression Machine
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Book Synopsis Experiments on the Effects of Dilution and Fuel Composition on Ignition of Gasoline and Alternative Fuels in a Rapid Compression Machine by : Prasanna Chinnathambi
Download or read book Experiments on the Effects of Dilution and Fuel Composition on Ignition of Gasoline and Alternative Fuels in a Rapid Compression Machine written by Prasanna Chinnathambi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first part of this work, ignition of methane-air mixtures under excess air dilution is studied. When excess air is used in SI engine operation, thermal efficiency is increased due to increase in compression ratio together with reduced pumping and heat loses. However, stable operation with excess air is challenging due to poor flammability of the resulting diluted mixture. Hence in order to achieve stable and complete combustion a turbulent jet ignition (TJI) system is used to improve combustion of lean methane-air mixtures. Various nozzle designs and operating strategies for a TJI system were tested in a rapid compression machine. 10-90% burn duration measurements were useful in assessing the performance of the nozzle designs while the 0-10% burn durations indicated if optimal air-fuel ratio is achieved within the pre-chamber at the time of ignition. The results indicated that distributed-jets TJI system offered faster and stable combustion while the concentrated-jets TJI system offered better dilution tolerance.Knock in a SI engine occurs due to autoignition of the end gas mixture and typically occurs in the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) region of the fuel-air mixture. Dilution of intake charge with cold exhaust recirculation gases (EGR) reduces combustion temperatures and decreases mixture reactivity thereby reducing knocking tendency. This enables optimal spark timings to be used, thereby increasing efficiency of SI engines which would otherwise be knock limited. Effect of cold EGR dilution is studied in the RCM by measuring the autoignition delay times of gasoline and gasoline surrogate mixtures diluted with varying levels of CO2. The autoignition experiments in the RCM were performed using a novel direct test chamber (DTC) charge preparation approach. The DTC approach enabled mixture preparation directly within the combustion chamber and eliminated the need for mixing tanks. Effect of CO2 dilution in retarding the autoignition delay times was more pronounced in the NTC region, while it was weaker in the low temperature and high temperature regions. The retarding effect was found to be dependent on both the octane number and the fuel composition of the gasoline being studied.Finally, the effect of substituting ethanol(biofuel) in gasoline surrogates for up to 40% by volume is studied. Ethanol is an octane booster, but it blends antagonistically with aromatics such as toluene and synergistically with alkanes with respect to the resulting octane number of the blends. In order to study this blending effect, two gasoline surrogates containing only alkanes (PRF), and alkanes with large amounts of toluene (TRF) are blended with varying levels of ethanol. The ignition delay times of the resulting mixtures are measured in a rapid compression machine and kinetic analysis was carried out using numerical simulations. The kinetic analysis revealed that ethanol controlled the final stages of ignition for the PRF blends when more than 10% by volume of ethanol is present. However, in the TRF blends, toluene controlled the ignition until mole fractions of ethanol became higher than the toluene indicating the reason for the antagonistic blending nature. It was found that the RON values of the resulting blends matched the trend of the ignition delay times recorded at 740K and 21 bar compressed conditions. This enables qualitative assessment of the RON numbers for new biofuel blends by measuring their ignition delay times in the RCM.
Book Synopsis Gasoline Surrogate Modeling of Gasoline Ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine and Comparison to Experiments by :
Download or read book Gasoline Surrogate Modeling of Gasoline Ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine and Comparison to Experiments written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of gasoline in homogeneous charge compression ignition engines (HCCI) and in duel fuel diesel - gasoline engines, has increased the need to understand its compression ignition processes under engine-like conditions. These processes need to be studied under well-controlled conditions in order to quantify low temperature heat release and to provide fundamental validation data for chemical kinetic models. With this in mind, an experimental campaign has been undertaken in a rapid compression machine (RCM) to measure the ignition of gasoline mixtures over a wide range of compression temperatures and for different compression pressures. By measuring the pressure history during ignition, information on the first stage ignition (when observed) and second stage ignition are captured along with information on the phasing of the heat release. Heat release processes during ignition are important because gasoline is known to exhibit low temperature heat release, intermediate temperature heat release and high temperature heat release. In an HCCI engine, the occurrence of low-temperature and intermediate-temperature heat release can be exploited to obtain higher load operation and has become a topic of much interest for engine researchers. Consequently, it is important to understand these processes under well-controlled conditions. A four-component gasoline surrogate model (including n-heptane, iso-octane, toluene, and 2-pentene) has been developed to simulate real gasolines. An appropriate surrogate mixture of the four components has been developed to simulate the specific gasoline used in the RCM experiments. This chemical kinetic surrogate model was then used to simulate the RCM experimental results for real gasoline. The experimental and modeling results covered ultra-lean to stoichiometric mixtures, compressed temperatures of 640-950 K, and compression pressures of 20 and 40 bar. The agreement between the experiments and model is encouraging in terms of first-stage (when observed) and second-stage ignition delay times and of heat release rate. The experimental and computational results are used to gain insight into low and intermediate temperature processes during gasoline ignition.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Phase-change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments by : Colin Banyon
Download or read book An Investigation of Phase-change Effects During Rapid Compression Machine Experiments written by Colin Banyon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid compression machines (RCMs) are well characterized laboratory scale devices capable of achieving internal combustion (IC) engine relevant thermodynamic environments. These machines are often used to collect ignition delay times as targets for gas-phase chemical kinetic fuel autoigntion models. Modern RCMs utilize creviced piston(s) to improve charge homogeneity and allow for an adequate validation of detailed chemistry mechanisms against experiments using computationally efficient, homogeneous reactor models (HRMs). Conventionally, experiments are preformed by introducing a premixed gas of fuel + oxidizer + diluent into the machine, which is compressed volumetrically via a piston. Experiments investigating low-vapor pressure fuels (e.g. diesels, biodiesels, jet fuels, etc.) and surrogates can be conducted by preheating both the charge as well as the machine. This method of fuel loading can lead to pretest fuel pyrolysis as well as machine seal degradation. Under some conditions loading a fuel aerosol of finely atomized liquid droplets in an oxidizer + diluent bath gas (i.e. wet compression) has been suggested to extend the capabilities of RCM experiments to involatile fuels. This work investigates phase-change effects during RCM experiments, especially for aerosol-fueling conditions, while the methodology can be applied to gas-phase fuel experiments where fuel condensation can occur at the compressed conditions within the boundary layer region. To facilitate this study a reduced-order, physics-based model is used. This work highlights important machine-scale influences not investigated in previous work, and provides additional detail concerning an aerosol RCM{u2019}s capabilities and limitations. A transient formulation is developed for the multi-phase transport within the RCM reaction chamber as well as the flow to the piston crevice region during both the compression and delay periods. The goal of this work is threefold. First, an a priori knowledge of the stratification present under various conditions can help determine an optimum machine geometry so that discrepancies between experimental data sets and 0D kinetics simulations are minimized for involatile fuels. Second, the model is computationally tractable to prescribe heat loss rates to an HRM during simulations of experiments so that physical effects can be incorporated into simulations using detailed chemistry. Finally, heat loss rates that are prescribed to the HRM are only a function of machine geometry, and are independent of ad hoc and empirically derived fits that vary between facilities. Thus a more adequate comparison of data between RCM facilities and with existing literature can be made.
Book Synopsis Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies by : Ting Wang
Download or read book Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies written by Ting Wang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-26 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies discusses this innovative power generation technology that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, an important emerging technology which has the potential to significantly improve the efficiencies and emissions of coal power plants. The advantages of this technology over conventional pulverized coal power plants include fuel flexibility, greater efficiencies, and very low pollutant emissions. The book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world. The first part of this book introduces the principles of IGCC systems and the fuel types for use in IGCC systems. The second part covers syngas production within IGCC systems. The third part looks at syngas cleaning, the separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment, with final sections describing the gas turbine combined cycle and presenting several case studies of existing IGCC plants. Provides an in-depth, multi-contributor overview of integrated gasification combined cycle technologies Reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants Provides several case studies of existing IGCC plants around the world
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Download or read book SAE Technical Paper Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Online version: Technical papers portion of the SAE Digital Library references thousands of SAE Technical Papers covering the latest advances and research in all areas of mobility engineering including ground vehicle, aerospace, off-highway, and manufacturing technology. Sample coverage includes fuels and lubricants, emissions, electronics, brakes, restraint systems, noise, engines, materials, lighting, and more. Your SAE service includes detailed summaries, complete documents in PDF, plus document storage and maintenance
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition by : M.J. Pilling
Download or read book Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by M.J. Pilling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-27 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion has played a central role in the development of our civilization which it maintains today as its predominant source of energy. The aim of this book is to provide an understanding of both fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature combustion chemistry and autoignition. The topic is rooted in classical observational science and has grown, through an increasing understanding of the linkage of the phenomenology to coupled chemical reactions, to quite profound advances in the chemical kinetics of both complex and elementary reactions. The driving force has been both the intrinsic interest of an old and intriguing phenomenon and the centrality of its applications to our economic prosperity. The volume provides a coherent view of the subject while, at the same time, each chapter is self-contained.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers by :
Download or read book Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines by : Pravesh Chandra Shukla
Download or read book Alcohol as an Alternative Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines written by Pravesh Chandra Shukla and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: div="" This book covers different aspects related to utilization of alcohol fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on combustion, performance and emission investigations. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by alcohol blended fuels such as methanol, ethanol and butanol. The contents also highlight the importance of alcohol fuel for reducing emission levels. Possibility of alcohol fuels for marine applications has also been discussed. This book is a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists. ^
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Test Variables on Auto-ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine by : Chaitanya Wadkar
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Test Variables on Auto-ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine written by Chaitanya Wadkar and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engines and Fuels for Future Transport by : Gautam Kalghatgi
Download or read book Engines and Fuels for Future Transport written by Gautam Kalghatgi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on clean transport and mobility essential to the modern world. It discusses internal combustion engines (ICEs) and alternatives like battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are growing fast. Alternatives to ICEs start from a very low base and face formidable environmental, material availability, and economic challenges to unlimited and rapid growth. Hence ICEs will continue to be the main power source for transport for decades to come and have to be continuously improved to improve transport sustainability. The book highlights the need to assess proposed changes in the existing transport system on a life cycle basis. The volume includes chapters discussing the challenges faced by ICEs as well as chapters on novel fuels and fuel/ engine interactions which help in this quest to improve the efficiency of ICE and reduce exhaust pollutants. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry alike.
Book Synopsis Gas Turbine Combustion by : Arthur H. Lefebvre
Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustion written by Arthur H. Lefebvre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the developments in gas turbine combustion technology that have occurred in the last decade, Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition provides an up-to-date design manual and research reference on the design, manufacture, and operation of gas turbine combustors in applications ranging from aeronautical to po
Book Synopsis Ignition Systems for Gasoline Engines by : Michael Günther
Download or read book Ignition Systems for Gasoline Engines written by Michael Günther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume includes selected and reviewed papers from the 3rd Conference on Ignition Systems for Gasoline Engines in Berlin in November 2016. Experts from industry and universities discuss in their papers the challenges to ignition systems in providing reliable, precise ignition in the light of a wide spread in mixture quality, high exhaust gas recirculation rates and high cylinder pressures. Classic spark plug ignition as well as alternative ignition systems are assessed, the ignition system being one of the key technologies to further optimizing the gasoline engine.
Book Synopsis Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines, 2007 by :
Download or read book Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines, 2007 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ignition Delay Study of Next Generation Alternative Jet Fuels in a Rapid Compression Machine by :
Download or read book Ignition Delay Study of Next Generation Alternative Jet Fuels in a Rapid Compression Machine written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Vortex Roll-up and Crevice Mass Flow on Ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine by : Mickael Chomier
Download or read book Effect of Vortex Roll-up and Crevice Mass Flow on Ignition in a Rapid Compression Machine written by Mickael Chomier and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to understand the influence of the non-ideal effects in Rapid Compression Machines (RCM), namely the vortex roll-up and mass flow into the crevice, on autoignition. The effect of the vortex roll-up is studied computationally using CFD simulations of autoignition in a RCM. Whereas, the effect of the crevice mass flow is investigated experimentally by studying isooctane autoignition. Over the last two decades, experimental data of the nature of species evolution profiles and ignition delays from RCMs has been used to develop and validate chemical kinetic mechanisms at low-to-intermediate temperatures and elevated pressures. A significant portion of this overall dataset is from RCMs that had not employed a creviced piston to contain the roll-up vortex. The detrimental influence of the roll-up vortex and the thermokinetic interactions due to the resulting temperature non-homogeneity during the negative temperature coefficient (ntc) regime have been documented in the literature. However, the adequacy of the homogeneous modeling of RCMs without creviced pistons during reactive conditions has not been investigated. In this work, computational fluid dynamics simulations of an RCM without a creviced piston are conducted for autoignition of n-heptane over the entire ntc regime over a range of compressed pressures from 5 to 18 bar. The results from the CFD simulations highlight the non-homogeneity of autoignition and reveal significant quantitative discrepancy in comparison to homogeneous modeling, particularly for the hot ignition delay in the ntc regime. Specifically, the roll-up vortex induced temperature non-homogeneity leads to diminution of the ntc behavior. The experimental data from RCMs without creviced piston needs to be taken with caution for quantitative validation and refinement of kinetic mechanism, particularly at conditions when ntc behavior is highly pronounced. Rapid Compression Machines (RCMs) often employ creviced pistons to suppress the formation of the roll-up vortex. However, the use of a creviced piston promotes mass flow into the crevice when heat release takes place in the main combustion chamber. This multi-dimensional effect is not accounted for in the prevalent volumetric expansion approach for modeling RCMs. The method of crevice containment, on the other hand, avoids post-compression mass flow into the crevice. In order to assess the effect of the crevice mass flow on ignition in a RCM, experiments were conducted for autoignition of isooctane in a RCM with creviced piston in the temperature range of 680-940 K and at compressed pressures of ~15.5 and 20.5 bar in two ways. In one situation, post-compression mass flow to the crevice is avoided by crevice containment and in other it is allowed. Experiments show that the crevice mass flow can lead to significantly longer ignition delays. Experimental data from both scenarios is modeled using adiabatic volumetric expansion approach and an available kinetic mechanism. The simulated results show less pronounced effect of crevice mass flow on ignition delay and highlight the deficiency of the volumetric expansion method owing to its inability to describe coupled physical-chemical processes in the presence of heat release. Results indicate that it is important to include crevice mass flow in the physical model for improved modeling of experimental data from RCMs for consistent interpretation of chemical kinetics. The use of crevice containment, however, avoids the issue of mass flow altogether and offers an alternative and sound approach.
