Experimental Study of the Interaction of Vacancy Defects with Y, O and Ti Solutes to Better Understand Their Roles in the Nanoparticles Formation in ODS Steels

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Study of the Interaction of Vacancy Defects with Y, O and Ti Solutes to Better Understand Their Roles in the Nanoparticles Formation in ODS Steels by : Chenwei He

Download or read book Experimental Study of the Interaction of Vacancy Defects with Y, O and Ti Solutes to Better Understand Their Roles in the Nanoparticles Formation in ODS Steels written by Chenwei He and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The severe operating conditions of the future nuclear reactor, Generation-IV, -high temperature and high irradiation damage-, require the adapted materials development. Oxide-dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy is one of the most potential candidates expected to be used for fuel cladding material because of their outstanding swelling and creep properties. Their excellent properties are induced by the fine dispersion of oxide nanoparticles (Y, O, Ti), obtained by mechanical alloying of steel and oxide powders and which has to be better mastered. But the atomic scale clustering mechanism of these nanoparticles is not yet cleared. In this context, the present thesis using positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) sheds light on the interaction of vacancy defects with Y, O and Ti solutes to better understand their roles in the nanoparticles formation. The He irradiations have been performed to reveal the vacancy defects properties and Y, Ti, O implantations realized to study the Y, Ti, O-vacancy interactions in bcc Fe matrix. In all cases, the defects depth distribution shows a lower size of vacancy defects in the region where the concentration of the incident ions Y, Ti and O is the highest. This effect of the ions on the damage formation is more pronounced for respectively O, Y and Ti. It is explained by the formation of V-X (X=O, Y, Ti) complexes which reduce the mobility and agglomeration probability of the vacancy defects. The annealing of the Y and O implanted samples reveals that some O-vacancy complexes are mobile at room temperature and Y doesn't diffuse up to 550°C whilst Y-vacancy complexes remain as it is expected from theory. A model of the first steps of the ODS nanoparticles nucleation is proposed by using the results obtained in this thesis.

Understanding the First Formation Stages of (Y,Ti) Nano-oxides in Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Steels

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Book Synopsis Understanding the First Formation Stages of (Y,Ti) Nano-oxides in Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Steels by : Martin Owusu-Mensah

Download or read book Understanding the First Formation Stages of (Y,Ti) Nano-oxides in Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Steels written by Martin Owusu-Mensah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels, that is steels reinforced with a homogeneous distribution of (Y,Ti) oxide nano-particles, are advanced structural materials for nuclear applications. The oxide particles serve as point defect recombination centres and obstacles to dislocation motion thereby improving radiation resistance and high-temperature strength of these steels making them perfect candidate materials for future fusion and fission nuclear reactors. The conventional fabrication of ODS steels is achieved by mechanical alloying followed by thermomechanical heat treatments. This way of ODS steel production seems complicated to understand the physical mechanisms leading to the precipitation of nano-oxide particles. The kinetics of nanoparticle formation can be much better studied using an alternative technique of nanoparticle growth, namely Ion Beam Synthesis (IBS). This approach has many advantages including the precise control of experimental parameters and the ability to de-correlate various factors contributing to precipitation kinetics. A better knowledge gained in this way would be potentially helpful for optimization of ODS steel production routines. In the course of this PhD study, the IBS approach was applied to investigate the co-precipitation of metal (Y and/or Ti) and oxygen ions implanted into a model Fe-Cr alloy with the composition close to those typical for commercial ODS steels. Following the standard IBS schedule, consisting of ion implantation followed by high-temperature heat treatment, ions of Y, Ti and O at low energies were implanted into high-purity Fe10wt%Cr alloy samples at room temperature. The implanted samples were then annealed at various temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100°C to promote the precipitation of nano-oxide particles. A range of Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques were used to characterize the crystallographic structure and chemical composition of the nanoparticles. The study has been performed following three sets of experiments. First of all, the sequential implantation of Ti and O ions was implemented. Subsequent annealing at temperatures below 1000°C revealed that precipitation of titanium oxide was suppressed. Instead, chromium-rich nano-oxide particles with corundum hexagonal structure were found to precipitate. At sufficiently high temperatures these corundum particles were found to contain certain amount of Ti. Only after annealing at the highest temperature of 1100°C, particles of another type with Ti enriched core and Cr enriched shell were additionally fixed. Secondly, sequential Y and O ion implantation resulted in the formation of probable yttrium-rich oxides at 800°C. Annealing at 1100°C promoted their growth to larger sized yttria (Y2O3) particles with a Cr enriched shell. Finally, sequential ion implantation of both metal ions (Y and Ti) was performed, followed by O implantation. The order of metal ion implantation has been found to be crucial for subsequent oxide precipitation at the annealing stage. With the Ti implantation first in the sequence, the precipitation of corundum hexagonal chromium-rich oxide was observed, very similar to the case of Ti and O implantation. In contrast, implantation starting with Y produced yttrium-titanium oxide particles with unidentifiable structure. Summing up, the study has demonstrated the feasibility of the formation of Y, Ti and (Y,Ti) oxides by ion implantation. The thesis presents the detailed characterization of the nanoparticles, as well as the discovered specific features of precipitated particles, such as the presence of orientation relationships between the particles and the FeCr matrix, which was observed even for the case of Cr-rich corundum particles. Finally, the implications of the obtained results, in conjunction with the already known data from the existing literature, for the better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of nano-oxide particles in ODS steels are discussed.

Defects at Oxide Surfaces

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319143670
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Defects at Oxide Surfaces by : Jacques Jupille

Download or read book Defects at Oxide Surfaces written by Jacques Jupille and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basics and characterization of defects at oxide surfaces. It provides a state-of-the-art review of the field, containing information to the various types of surface defects, describes analytical methods to study defects, their chemical activity and the catalytic reactivity of oxides. Numerical simulations of defective structures complete the picture developed. Defects on planar surfaces form the focus of much of the book, although the investigation of powder samples also form an important part. The experimental study of planar surfaces opens the possibility of applying the large armoury of techniques that have been developed over the last half-century to study surfaces in ultra-high vacuum. This enables the acquisition of atomic level data under well-controlled conditions, providing a stringent test of theoretical methods. The latter can then be more reliably applied to systems such as nanoparticles for which accurate methods of characterization of structure and electronic properties have yet to be developed. The book gives guidance to tailor oxide surfaces by controlling the nature and concentration of defects. The importance of defects in the physics and chemistry of metal oxide surfaces is presented in this book together with the prominent role of oxides in common life. The book contains contributions from leaders in the field. It serves as a reference for experts and beginners in the field.

Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540643715
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (437 download)

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Book Synopsis Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors by : Reinhard Krause-Rehberg

Download or read book Positron Annihilation in Semiconductors written by Reinhard Krause-Rehberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book reports on recent investigations of lattice imperfections in semiconductors by means of positron annihilation. It reviews positron techniques, and describes the application of these techniques to various kinds of defects, such as vacancies, impurity vacancy complexes and dislocations.

Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1493934384
Total Pages : 1014 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science by : GARY S. WAS

Download or read book Fundamentals of Radiation Materials Science written by GARY S. WAS and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised second edition of this established text offers readers a significantly expanded introduction to the effects of radiation on metals and alloys. It describes the various processes that occur when energetic particles strike a solid, inducing changes to the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Specifically it covers particle interaction with the metals and alloys used in nuclear reactor cores and hence subject to intense radiation fields. It describes the basics of particle-atom interaction for a range of particle types, the amount and spatial extent of the resulting radiation damage, the physical effects of irradiation and the changes in mechanical behavior of irradiated metals and alloys. Updated throughout, some major enhancements for the new edition include improved treatment of low- and intermediate-energy elastic collisions and stopping power, expanded sections on molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo methodologies describing collision cascade evolution, new treatment of the multi-frequency model of diffusion, numerous examples of RIS in austenitic and ferritic-martensitic alloys, expanded treatment of in-cascade defect clustering, cluster evolution, and cluster mobility, new discussion of void behavior near grain boundaries, a new section on ion beam assisted deposition, and reorganization of hardening, creep and fracture of irradiated materials (Chaps 12-14) to provide a smoother and more integrated transition between the topics. The book also contains two new chapters. Chapter 15 focuses on the fundamentals of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking, covering forms of corrosion, corrosion thermodynamics, corrosion kinetics, polarization theory, passivity, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking. Chapter 16 extends this treatment and considers the effects of irradiation on corrosion and environmentally assisted corrosion, including the effects of irradiation on water chemistry and the mechanisms of irradiation-induced stress corrosion cracking. The book maintains the previous style, concepts are developed systematically and quantitatively, supported by worked examples, references for further reading and end-of-chapter problem sets. Aimed primarily at students of materials sciences and nuclear engineering, the book will also provide a valuable resource for academic and industrial research professionals. Reviews of the first edition: "...nomenclature, problems and separate bibliography at the end of each chapter allow to the reader to reach a straightforward understanding of the subject, part by part. ... this book is very pleasant to read, well documented and can be seen as a very good introduction to the effects of irradiation on matter, or as a good references compilation for experimented readers." - Pauly Nicolas, Physicalia Magazine, Vol. 30 (1), 2008 “The text provides enough fundamental material to explain the science and theory behind radiation effects in solids, but is also written at a high enough level to be useful for professional scientists. Its organization suits a graduate level materials or nuclear science course... the text was written by a noted expert and active researcher in the field of radiation effects in metals, the selection and organization of the material is excellent... may well become a necessary reference for graduate students and researchers in radiation materials science.” - L.M. Dougherty, 07/11/2008, JOM, the Member Journal of The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society.

Engineering

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Publisher : UNESCO
ISBN 13 : 9231041568
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering by : Unesco

Download or read book Engineering written by Unesco and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews engineering's importance to human, economic, social and cultural development and in addressing the UN Millennium Development Goals. Engineering tends to be viewed as a national issue, but engineering knowledge, companies, conferences and journals, all demonstrate that it is as international as science. The report reviews the role of engineering in development, and covers issues including poverty reduction, sustainable development, climate change mitigation and adaptation. It presents the various fields of engineering around the world and is intended to identify issues and challenges facing engineering, promote better understanding of engineering and its role, and highlight ways of making engineering more attractive to young people, especially women.--Publisher's description.

Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications

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Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 012397349X
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications by : Robert Odette

Download or read book Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications written by Robert Odette and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors’ unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.

Defect Structure in Nanomaterials

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857096141
Total Pages : 389 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Defect Structure in Nanomaterials by : J Gubicza

Download or read book Defect Structure in Nanomaterials written by J Gubicza and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials exhibit unique mechanical and physical properties compared to their coarse-grained counterparts, and are consequently a major focus of current scientific research. Defect structure in nanomaterials provides a detailed overview of the processing methods, defect structure and defect-related mechanical and physical properties of a wide range of nanomaterials. The book begins with a review of the production methods of nanomaterials, including severe plastic deformation, powder metallurgy and electrodeposition. The lattice defect structures formed during the synthesis of nanomaterials are characterised in detail. Special attention is paid to the lattice defects in low stacking fault energy nanomaterials and metal – carbon nanotube composites. Topics covered in the second part of the book include a discussion of the thermal stability of defect structure in nanomaterials and a study of the influence of lattice defects on mechanical and hydrogen storage properties. Gives in-depth, physically based explanations for the relationships between the defect structure and mechanical properties of nanomaterials Covers a wide range of nanomaterials including metals; alloys; ceramics; diamond; carbon nanotubes and their composites Provides a detailed characterization of the lattice defect structure in nanomaterials

Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030684628
Total Pages : 926 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films by : Fabian I. Ezema

Download or read book Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Fabian I. Ezema and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.

Reduced Activation Materials for Fusion Reactors

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Publisher : ASTM International
ISBN 13 : 080311267X
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Reduced Activation Materials for Fusion Reactors by : R. L. Klueh

Download or read book Reduced Activation Materials for Fusion Reactors written by R. L. Klueh and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Point Defect Energies

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Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 303826783X
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Point Defect Energies by : D.J. Fisher

Download or read book Point Defect Energies written by D.J. Fisher and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2015-02-16 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The point defect is just one of the menagerie of defects (comprising dislocations, disvections, discommensurations, stacking-faults, antiphase boundaries, etc.) which affect the mechanical and other properties of all materials. The class of point defect can be further divided into interstitial, substitutional and antisite. Various combinations of these defects lead to pairings such as those of Frenkel and Shottky type. The present volume comprises a compilation of selected data concerning point defects in metals, semiconductors, carbon and carbides, nitrides, halides, oxides and miscellaneous materials including solid inert gases. Not mentioned here are Stone-Wales defects, which were covered in volume 356. The 458 entries of the present volume cover the period from 1962 to 2014.

Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience and Minerals Engineering

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540748555
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience and Minerals Engineering by : Peter Balaz

Download or read book Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience and Minerals Engineering written by Peter Balaz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-20 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanochemistry as a branch of solid state chemistry enquires into processes which proceed in solids due to the application of mechanical energy. This provides a thorough, up to date overview of mechanochemistry of solids and minerals. Applications of mechanochemistry in nanoscience with special impact on nanogeoscience are described. Selected advanced identification methods, most frequently applied in nanoscience, are described as well as the advantage of mechanochemical approach in minerals engineering. Examples of industrial applications are given. Mechanochemical technology is being applied in many industrial fields: powder metallurgy (synthesis of nanometals, alloys and nanocompounds), building industry (activation of cements), chemical industry (solid waste treatment, catalyst synthesis, coal ashes utilization), minerals engineering (ore enrichment, enhancement of processes of extractive metallurgy), agriculture industry (solubility increase of fertilizers), and pharmaceutical industry (improvement of solubility and bioavailability of drugs). This reference serves as an introduction to newcomers to mechanochemistry, and encourages more experienced researchers to broaden their knowledge and discover novel applications in the field.

Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642280307
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by : B.S. Murty

Download or read book Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by B.S. Murty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is meant to serve as a textbook for beginners in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. It can also be used as additional reading in this multifaceted area. It covers the entire spectrum of nanoscience and technology: introduction, terminology, historical perspectives of this domain of science, unique and widely differing properties, advances in the various synthesis, consolidation and characterization techniques, applications of nanoscience and technology and emerging materials and technologies.

Bulk Metallic Glasses

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498763685
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Bulk Metallic Glasses by : C. Suryanarayana

Download or read book Bulk Metallic Glasses written by C. Suryanarayana and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflecting the fast pace of research in the field, the Second Edition of Bulk Metallic Glasses has been thoroughly updated and remains essential reading on the subject. It incorporates major advances in glass forming ability, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties. Several of the newly proposed criteria to predict the glass-forming ability of alloys have been discussed. All other areas covered in this book have been updated, with special emphasis on topics where significant advances have occurred. These include processing of hierarchical surface structures and synthesis of nanophase composites using the chemical behavior of bulk metallic glasses and the development of novel bulk metallic glasses with high-strength and high-ductility and superelastic behavior. New topics such as high-entropy bulk metallic glasses, nanoporous alloys, novel nanocrystalline alloys, and soft magnetic glassy alloys with high saturation magnetization have also been discussed. Novel applications, such as metallic glassy screw bolts, surface coatings, hyperthermia glasses, ultra-thin mirrors and pressure sensors, mobile phone casing, and degradable biomedical materials, are described. Authored by the world’s foremost experts on bulk metallic glasses, this new edition endures as an indispensable reference and continues to be a one-stop resource on all aspects of bulk metallic glasses.

Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity

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Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0198516002
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity by : Ali Argon

Download or read book Strengthening Mechanisms in Crystal Plasticity written by Ali Argon and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2008 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologically important metals and alloys have been strengthened throughout history by empirical means. The scientific bases of the central mechanisms of such forms of strengthening, developed over the past several decades are presented here through mechanistic models and associated experimental results.

Perovskite Photovoltaics

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128129166
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Perovskite Photovoltaics by : Aparna Thankappan

Download or read book Perovskite Photovoltaics written by Aparna Thankappan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation examines the emergence of perovskite photovoltaics, associated challenges and opportunities, and how to achieve broader development. Consolidating developments in perovskite photovoltaics, including recent progress solar cells, this text also highlights advances and the research necessary for sustaining energy. Addressing different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells suitable, and including commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology. The book also contains a detailed analysis of the implementation and economic viability of perovskite solar cells, highlighting what photovoltaic devices need to be generated by low cost, non-toxic, earth abundant materials using environmentally scalable processes. This book is a valuable resource engineers, scientists and researchers, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge on flexible perovskite solar cells. Includes contributions by leading solar cell academics, industrialists, researchers and institutions across the globe Addresses different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells different Provides commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology, giving users detailed analysis on the implementation, technical challenges and economic viability of perovskite solar cells

Transmission Electron Microscopy

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319266519
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Transmission Electron Microscopy by : C. Barry Carter

Download or read book Transmission Electron Microscopy written by C. Barry Carter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-24 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a companion volume to Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science by Williams and Carter. The aim is to extend the discussion of certain topics that are either rapidly changing at this time or that would benefit from more detailed discussion than space allowed in the primary text. World-renowned researchers have contributed chapters in their area of expertise, and the editors have carefully prepared these chapters to provide a uniform tone and treatment for this exciting material. The book features an unparalleled collection of color figures showcasing the quality and variety of chemical data that can be obtained from today’s instruments, as well as key pitfalls to avoid. As with the previous TEM text, each chapter contains two sets of questions, one for self assessment and a second more suitable for homework assignments. Throughout the book, the style follows that of Williams & Carter even when the subject matter becomes challenging—the aim is always to make the topic understandable by first-year graduate students and others who are working in the field of Materials Science Topics covered include sources, in-situ experiments, electron diffraction, Digital Micrograph, waves and holography, focal-series reconstruction and direct methods, STEM and tomography, energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) imaging, and spectrum imaging. The range and depth of material makes this companion volume essential reading for the budding microscopist and a key reference for practicing researchers using these and related techniques.