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Experimental Studies Of The Interaction Of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles With Clouds And Fogs
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Book Synopsis Experimental Studies of the Interaction of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles with Clouds and Fogs by : Göran Frank
Download or read book Experimental Studies of the Interaction of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles with Clouds and Fogs written by Göran Frank and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions by : Peter V. Hobbs
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions written by Peter V. Hobbs and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1993-07-22 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol and clouds play important roles in determining the earth's climate, in ways that we are only beginning to comprehend. In conjunction with molecular scattering from gases, aerosol and clouds determine in part what fraction of solar radiation reaches the earth's surface, and what fraction of the longwave radiation from the earth escapes to space. This book provides an overview of the latest research on atmospheric aerosol and clouds and their effects on global climate. Subjects reviewed include the direct and indirect effects of aerosol on climate, the radiative properties of clouds and their effects on the Earth's radiation balance, the incorporation of cloud effects in numerical weather prediction models, and stratospheric aerosol and clouds.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Aerosol-cloud-radiation Interaction on California Weather by : Hsiang-He Lee
Download or read book The Impact of Aerosol-cloud-radiation Interaction on California Weather written by Hsiang-He Lee and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The source-oriented Weather Research and Forecasting chemistry model (SOWC) was modified to include warm/cold cloud processes and applied to investigate 1) how source-oriented aerosols influence fog formation and optical properties in the atmosphere, 2) how aerosol mixing state influences cloud and ice formation and atmospheric optical properties during a winter storm, and 3) the direct, semi-direct, and indirect effects of long-range transport dust on severe weather over California and the Eastern Pacific. SOWC tracks 6-dimensional chemical variables (X, Z, Y, Size Bins, Source Types, Species) through an explicit simulation of atmospheric chemistry and physics. In this study, all aerosol source types can activate to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) based on the Köhler theory, but the dust is the only source of ice nuclei (IN). Furthermore, a new source-oriented cloud module in the two-moment Purdue Lin microphysics scheme, and a new module with all source-oriented hydrometeors (cloud, ice, rain, snow and graupel) in the Morrison two-moment microphysics scheme were implemented into the SOWC model to study fog events and winter storm cases, respectively. In Chapter 2, the enhanced SOWC model was used to study a fog event that occurred on January 17th, 2011, in the Central Valley of California. The SOWC reasonably portrays the spatial distribution and duration of the fog event consistent with observations. The source-oriented mixture representation of particles reduced cloud droplet number relative to the internal mixture approach that artificially coats hydrophobic particles with hygroscopic components. The fraction of aerosols activating into CCN at a supersaturation of 0.5% in the Central Valley decreased from 86% in the internal mixture model to 68% in the source-oriented model. This increased the surface energy flux by 3-5 W m-2 and surface temperature by as much as 0.15 K. In Chapter 3, the enhanced SOWC model was used to study a winter storm that occurred on March 6th, 2011, in California. Compared to ground based observations, SOWC with the modified Morrison microphysics scheme and modified Goddard radiation schemes predicted reasonable precipitation, but the onset of precipitation is delayed by 5 hours. Immersion freezing was the main mechanism for ice nuclei formation. Secondary coatings on dust particles increased IN from immersion freezing but decreased IN from contact freezing. Increasing CCN and IN in the internal mixing experiment produced more ice crystals and cloud droplets but did not significantly alter total perception under the conditions studied. However, because of the reducing riming efficiency from snow to graupel in the source-oriented mixing experiment, it resulted more snowfall (less rainfall) on the ground, especially over the mountain area. In Chapter 4, the SOWC model was used to understand the direct, semi-direct, and indirect effects of long-range transport dust on severe weather over Eastern Pacific Ocean. The maximum averaged IN nucleation rate increased 36% after adding long-range transport dust. Because clouds in mid-latitude originate precipitately via the ice phase, an increase in IN can enhance ice formation from supercooled water by heterogenetic freezing (mainly contact freezing) and then to alter hydrometer water amount. Adding long-range transport dust increased the mixing ratio and number concentration for almost all hydrometers. However, the changes of adding local dust in local+LR_dust from LR_dust is more complicated due to the importance of hydrometers in the cumulus scheme. The change in the strength of convection after adding long-range transport dust (or local dust) also produces a noticeable distinction in the precipitation pattern, but the total precipitation did not have major difference after adding long-range transport dust (or local dust).
Book Synopsis Abstracts from Proceedings of Institute of Experimental Meteorology by : Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (U.S.)
Download or read book Abstracts from Proceedings of Institute of Experimental Meteorology written by Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report consists of a table of contents and eleven abstracts concerning various studies in meteorology.
Book Synopsis Report of the Experts Meeting on Interaction Between Aerosols and Clouds by : Gabor Vali
Download or read book Report of the Experts Meeting on Interaction Between Aerosols and Clouds written by Gabor Vali and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contained in this volume are the deliberations of the Experts Meeting on Interaction Between Clouds and Aerosols, held in Hampton, Virginia, 5-7 February 1991. Eight invited experts from universities, nonprofit institutions, research laboratories, and government agencies in France and the United States of America participated in the Meeting. Some of those who could not participate sent in their comments. The purpose of the Meeting was to bring together experts in measurements and impacts of interactions between clouds and aerosols to assess the current state of the art, and to make recommendations ofr developing a coordinated action plan for future work in these aspects of the International Global Aerosol Program (IGAP).--Preface.
Book Synopsis Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales by : Yuan Wang
Download or read book Aerosol-Cloud Interactions from Urban, Regional, to Global Scales written by Yuan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies in this dissertation aim at advancing our scientific understandings about physical processes involved in the aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction and quantitatively assessing the impacts of aerosols on the cloud systems with diverse scales over the globe on the basis of the observational data analysis and various modeling studies. As recognized in the Fifth Assessment Report by the Inter-government Panel on Climate Change, the magnitude of radiative forcing by atmospheric aerosols is highly uncertain, representing the largest uncertainty in projections of future climate by anthropogenic activities. By using a newly implemented cloud microphysical scheme in the cloud-resolving model, the thesis assesses aerosol-cloud interaction for distinct weather systems, ranging from individual cumulus to mesoscale convective systems. This thesis also introduces a novel hierarchical modeling approach that solves a long outstanding mismatch between simulations by regional weather models and global climate models in the climate modeling community. More importantly, the thesis provides key scientific solutions to several challenging questions in climate science, including the global impacts of the Asian pollution. As scientists wrestle with the complexities of climate change in response to varied anthropogenic forcing, perhaps no problem is more challenging than the understanding of the impacts of atmospheric aerosols from air pollution on clouds and the global circulation.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry by : Hind A. Al-Abadleh
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry written by Hind A. Al-Abadleh and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth’s atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research findings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory settings for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.
Book Synopsis Chemistry of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles and Their Resulting Warm Cloud-nucleation Properties by : Meagan Julia Kerry Moore
Download or read book Chemistry of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles and Their Resulting Warm Cloud-nucleation Properties written by Meagan Julia Kerry Moore and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles are a major component of the troposphere and affect regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. The size and chemistry of these particles influences the warm and cold cloud nucleation ability and optical properties of the aerosol particles. This dissertation investigates the atmospheric chemistry of aerosol particles and their role in warm cloud nucleation through a combination of laboratory experiments and field measurements. The effect of organics on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of sea spray aerosols is described in Chapter 2. Sea spray aerosol produced by bubbling solutions composed of simplistic mixtures of NaCl and oleic acid or SDS had a significant effect on CCN activity, even in very small amounts; while artificial seawater solutions containing microorganisms, the common cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) and DMS-producing green algae (Ostreococcus), produced particles containing ~34 times more carbon than the particles produced from pure ASW, with no significant change observed in the overall CCN activity. During the fall of 2007 and 2008, over 300,000 acres burned in San Diego County wildfires. The resulting particle chemistry and estimated hygroscopicity during these wildfire events are explored in Chapter 3. The contribution of wildfire emissions were much larger and played a more significant role in affecting cloud condensation nuclei and total particle concentrations in 2007 than in 2008. The overall particle hygroscopicity during the biomass burning dominated periods was very similar; however in 2008, the particle hygroscopicity was dominated by local sources rather than biomass burning, due to the much smaller particle size mode. Owens Lake is one of the largest sources of PM2.5 in the Western Hemisphere, producing highly soluble dust plumes, and therefore there is great potential for those particles to impact cloud formation and possibly precipitation in the region. Chapter 4 explores particle chemistry and estimated hygroscopicity at Owens Lake. No significant change in particle hygroscopicity or CCN activity occurred concurrently with the change in mixing of particle classes during two different dust events at Owens Lake; indicating that the large dust particles were most likely completely CCN active and the smaller particles are likely dictating the hygroscopicity, as most of the dust particles are large enough and would activate to become CCN regardless of their hygroscopicity. The Cloud Indirect Forcing Experiment (CIFEX) took place to study the influence of aerosols on cloud properties at Trinidad Head, a coastal site in northern California representing clean marine air with periodic long-range transport. Chapters 5 & 6 explore particle chemistry, mixing state, optical properties and estimated hygroscopicity during CIFEX. Our measurements demonstrate how changes in hygroscopicity and optical properties evolve over time in the atmosphere as a function of particle chemistry and the mixing state of the aerosol. Two distinct oxalate events with enrichment of oxalate on different particle types and sizes suggest two separate sources of oxalate.
Book Synopsis Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry by : Yue Zhang
Download or read book Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry written by Yue Zhang and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uncertainties in the aerosol effects on radiative forcing limit our knowledge of climate change, presenting us with an important research challenge. Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry introduces basic concepts about the characterization, formation, and impacts of ambient aerosol particles as an introduction to graduate students new to the field. Each chapter also provides an up-to-date synopsis of the latest knowledge of aerosol particles in atmospheric chemistry.
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation by : Paul E. Wagner
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols and Nucleation written by Paul E. Wagner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings give a rather complete overview of the most recent research in the areas of fundamental processes and phase transitions, cloud droplet and ice nucleation in the atmosphere, and aerosol formation and aerosol characteristics in the atmosphere. Nine review papers on topics of special importance are supplemented by about 200 summaries on topics of greatest current importance. The volume should be of interest to scientists working in the atmospheric and environmental sciences, in chemistry and in physics, as well as to engineers working in these areas.
Book Synopsis On the Water Uptake of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles by : Terry Lee Lathem
Download or read book On the Water Uptake of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles written by Terry Lee Lathem and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feedbacks among aerosols, clouds, and radiation are important components for understanding Earth's climate system and quantifying human-induced climate change, yet the magnitude of these feedbacks remain highly uncertain. Since every cloud droplet in the atmosphere begins with water condensing on a pre-existing aerosol particle, characterizing the ability of aerosols to uptake water vapor and form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are key to understanding the microphysics behind cloud formation, as well as assess the impact aerosols have on the Earth system. Through a combination of controlled laboratory experiments and field measurements, this thesis characterizes the ability of atmospheric aerosols to uptake water vapor and become CCN at controlled levels of water vapor supersaturation. The origin of the particle water uptake, termed hygroscopicity, is also explored, being from either the presence of deliquescent soluble material and/or adsorption onto insoluble surfaces. The data collected and presented is comprehensive and includes (1) ground samples of volcanic ash, collected from six recent eruptions re-suspended in the laboratory for analysis, (2) laboratory chamber and flow-tube studies on the oxidation and uptake of surface active organic compounds, and (3) in-situ aircraft measurements of aerosols from the Arctic background, Canadian boreal forests, fresh and aged biomass burning, anthropogenic industrial pollution, and from within tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin. Having a more thorough understanding of aerosol water uptake will enable more accurate representation of cloud droplet number concentrations in global models, which can have important implications on reducing the uncertainty of aerosol-cloud-climate interactions, as well as additional uncertainties in aerosol transport, atmospheric lifetime, and impact on storm dynamics.
Book Synopsis Field and Laboratory Perspectives on the Cloud Nucleating Abilities of Aerosol Particles by : Beth Friedman
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Perspectives on the Cloud Nucleating Abilities of Aerosol Particles written by Beth Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol-cloud interactions represent a significant uncertainty with respect to radiative forcing and future climate change. Both particle composition and size play key, yet poorly understood, roles in determining the cloud nucleating capabilities of aerosols. The following describes ambient and laboratory measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) measurements from a variety of sources, with the goal of understanding how composition and size interact in forming cloud droplets and ice crystals and the potential importance of aerosol composition and atmospheric aging processes on constraining uncertainties associated with the cloud nucleating properties of aerosols. Motivated by the anthropogenic emissions of soot particles as well as the potential properties of aged soot particles, ice formation and droplet activation of soot particles of various size and composition were studied. Generated soot particles were coated with a variety of atmospherically relevant acids of varying solubility properties. The particles were also exposed to ozone in order to simulate atmospheric oxidation and aging. A custom-built ice chamber was utilized to show that both uncoated and coated soot particles comparable to those generated in our studies are unlikely to significantly contribute to the global budget of heterogeneous IN at relevant atmospheric temperatures. This result is emphasized by comparison to an efficient ice nucleus, such as mineral dust. Coatings and oxidation by ozone also did not significantly alter the ice nucleation behavior of soot particles but aided in the uptake of water, suggesting the altered composition of a hydrophobic particle is important to take into account for cloud droplet activation. To assess the importance of particle composition in cloud droplet activation, measurements of CCN concentrations, single particle composition, and number size distributions were conducted at a high-elevation research site. The temporal evolution of detailed single particle chemical composition was compared with changes in CCN activation. A variety of particle types were observed; CCN activation largely followed the behavior of the sulfate-containing particle types; biomass burning particles also contained hygroscopic material that impacted CCN activation. The observed particles were largely aged; few local sources contributed to the particle composition due to the high elevation of the site. The results were also interpreted in terms of the assumed hygroscopicity of free tropospheric aerosol. As a further examination of the impacts of aging processes on aerosol hygroscopicity measurements of CCN concentrations, aerosol composition, and number size distributions were conducted during the winter season from of a variety of air masses, including aged marine, continental, and urban sources. Based on the measured chemistry and size properties of the ambient aerosol, CCN concentrations were predicted in order to assess the amount of composition detail necessary to explain droplet activation. Direct measurements of the composition of the activated droplets were also conducted with a novel technique to separate activated droplets from un-activated aerosol. Results suggest the importance of inorganic species in droplet activation, with non-oxidized organic species having negligible impacts on total aerosol hygroscopicity. Using the same novel separation technique, measurements of the single particle composition of activated droplet residual particles were determined at an urban site in the summertime, with similar air mass trajectories as the previous wintertime site, as well as influence from local urban aerosol sources. As a function of atmospheric supersaturation conditions the composition of activated droplet residual particles was compared to the ambient aerosol composition. The study was utilized to determine the level of composition and size detail required to describe droplet activation at a site with similar aged air mass trajectories to the previous study.
Book Synopsis Experimental Studies of Gas-aerosol Reactions by : Anand Gupta
Download or read book Experimental Studies of Gas-aerosol Reactions written by Anand Gupta and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols by : Norihiko Fukuta
Download or read book Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols written by Norihiko Fukuta and published by A. Deepak Publishing. This book was released on 1992 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis On the Representation of Aerosol-cloud Interactions in Atmospheric Models by : Donifan Barahona
Download or read book On the Representation of Aerosol-cloud Interactions in Atmospheric Models written by Donifan Barahona and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic atmospheric aerosols (suspended particulate matter) can modify the radiative balance (and climate) of the Earth by altering the properties and global distribution of clouds. Current climate models however cannot adequately account for many important aspects of these aerosol-cloud interactions, ultimately leading to a large uncertainty in the estimation of the magnitude of the effect of aerosols on climate. This thesis focuses on the development of physically-based descriptions of aerosol-cloud processes in climate models that help to address some of such predictive uncertainty. It includes the formulation of a new analytical parameterization for the formation of ice clouds, and the inclusion of the effects of mixing and kinetic limitations in existing liquid cloud parameterizations. The parameterizations are analytical solutions to the cloud ice and water particle nucleation problem, developed within a framework that considers the mass and energy balances associated with the freezing and droplet activation of aerosol particles. The new frameworks explicitly account for the impact of cloud formation dynamics, the aerosol size and composition, and the dominant freezing mechanism (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) on the ice crystal and droplet concentration and size distribution. Application of the new parameterizations is demonstrated in the NASA Global Modeling Initiative atmospheric and chemical and transport model to study the effect of aerosol emissions on the global distribution of ice crystal concentration, and, the effect of entrainment during cloud droplet activation on the global cloud radiative properties. The ice cloud formation framework is also used within a parcel ensemble model to understand the microphysical structure of cirrus clouds at very low temperature. The frameworks developed in this work provide an efficient, yet rigorous, representation of cloud formation processes from precursor aerosol. They are suitable for the study of the effect of anthropogenic aerosol emissions on cloud formation, and can contribute to the improvement of the predictive ability of atmospheric models and to the understanding of the impact of human activities on climate.
Book Synopsis A state of-the-art experimental laboratory for cloud and cloud-aerosol interaction research by : Charles Michael Fremaux
Download or read book A state of-the-art experimental laboratory for cloud and cloud-aerosol interaction research written by Charles Michael Fremaux and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Topics in Current Aerosol Research by : G. M. Hidy
Download or read book Topics in Current Aerosol Research written by G. M. Hidy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics in Current Aerosol Research, Part 2 contains some selected articles in the field of aerosol study. The chosen topics deal extensively with the theory of diffusiophoresis and thermophoresis. Also covered in the book is the mathematical treatment of integrodifferential equations originating from the theory of aerosol coagulation. The book is the third volume of the series entitled International Reviews in Aerosol Physics and Chemistry. The text offers significant understanding of the methods employed to develop a theory for thermophoretic and diffusiophoretic forces acting on spheres in the range from free molecules to continuum behavior. It explores the mathematical solution for the kinetic model of the coagulation equation. Another topic of interest is the means to estimate size dispersal function for clouds of particles undergoing collision. The text can be a useful tool for practicing scientists and graduate students in physics, meteorology, geophysics, physical chemistry, environmental science, medicine, chemical engineering, and aerospace engineering.
