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Author : Timothy Peter Wright
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (886 download)
Download or read book Experimental Studies in Ice Nucleation written by Timothy Peter Wright and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : André Welti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)
Download or read book Experimental Studies on Deposition and Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Mineral Dust written by André Welti and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : W. BLOCK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Experimental studies of ice nucleation in an Antarctic springtail (Collembola, Isotomidae) written by W. BLOCK and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Constantin Andronache
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012810550X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Mixed-Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Author : Nobuo Maeda
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030518744
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Nucleation of Gas Hydrates written by Nobuo Maeda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation. The formation of gas hydrates is a first-order phase transition that begins with nucleation. Understanding nucleation is of interest to many working in the chemical and petroleum industry, since nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is also a concern in terms of flow assurance for oil and natural gas pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate nucleation has been researchers’ inability to determine and compare the nucleation rates of gas hydrates across systems with different scales and levels of complexity, which in turn has limited their ability to study the nucleation process itself. This book introduces readers to experimental techniques that can be used to practically and reliably determine the nucleation rates of gas hydrate systems. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation.
Author : Alessia Nicosia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Heterogeneous Nucleation of Ice in Remote Locations written by Alessia Nicosia and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous ice nucleation is one element inside the overall complexity of the Earth's atmosphere, however, it has a profound impact on our representation of cloud properties: this process affects the optical thickness and lifetime of mixed-phase clouds and cirrus clouds, and it is responsible for a significant proportion of precipitations formed globally. Heterogeneous ice nucleation is related to the presence of specific aerosol particles, named ice nuclei particles (INP), with the unique ability of lowering the energy barrier required for the formation of ice crystals, especially where cloud's temperatures are >-38 °C. In the last decades, significant advancements have been made to the fundamental understanding of ice nucleation, however the lack of knowledge on the cloud ice phase still contributes to major uncertainties in climate model prediction of radiative forcing. This is partly due to limited observational data quantifying INP distributions and properties all over the world, especially in remote locations. In the first part of this thesis, field observations of ice nucleating particles have been performed at the Italian Climate Observatory “O. Vittori” on Mountain Cimone (2165 m above sea level), in the spring 2014 and autumn 2015, within the Bacchus and Air Sea Lab projects. For the first time we report the results of offline INP measurements, performed at a high altitude site within the Mediterranean basin. In the period 19-29 May 2014, a parallel campaign took place at the low-altitude station San Pietro Capofiume, a rural site in the Po Valley. The two campaigns were concerned, for a few days, by a Saharan Dust transport Event, which was recorded simultaneously at the high and the low-level station. We investigated the ambient number concentration of INP under condensation freezing activation mechanism (at -18 °C and above water saturation). In the second part of this thesis, we present the observations that were performed during the Arctic campaign Parcs-Maca, in the period of transition among the polar night and the polar day. We could characterise for the first time the ice nucleating and physical/chemical properties of the Arctic Primary Marine Aerosol, in a laboratory-controlled generation approach, that was combined to a mesocosm experiment. The aim of the mesocosm experiment was to adopt a multidisciplinary approach to study the effect of marine pollution on marine emissions. We found a moderate but significant decrease of the ice nuclei concentration in the polluted seawater (with respect to the control seawater) recorded in the freezing range between -8.5 and -19 °C and activated through immersion-freezing. Within the seaspray our measurements have indicated a relation among INP active at warm temperature (above -15 °C through immersion-freezing) and a calcium enrichment detected in PM1 filters (and followed by an apparent Chloride depletion). On the basis of our observations, and the results reported from other studies, a few suggestions on the nature of these marine ice nuclei have been suggested. In summary, the measurements made for this thesis provide new information on the concentrations of ice nuclei in ambient aerosol particles in remote regions (a high-altitude observatory in the central Mediterranean region) and in relation to a specific source (the Arctic sea spray).
Author : Ari Laaksonen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128143223
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Nucleation of Water written by Ari Laaksonen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucleation of Water: From Fundamental Science to Atmospheric and Additional Applications provides a comprehensive accounting of the current state-of-the-art regarding the nucleation of water. It covers vapor-liquid, liquid-vapor, liquid-ice and vapor-ice transitions and describes basic kinetic and thermodynamic concepts in a manner understandable to researchers working on specific applications. The main focus of the book lies in atmospheric phenomena, but it also describes engineering and biological applications. Bubble nucleation, although not of major atmospheric relevance, is included for completeness. This book presents a single, go-to resource that will help readers understand the breadth and depth of nucleation, both in theory and in real-world examples. - Offers a single, comprehensive work on water nucleation, including cutting- edge research on ice, cloud and bubble nucleation - Written primarily for atmospheric scientists, but it also presents the theories in such a way that researchers in other disciplines will find it useful - Written by one of the world's foremost experts on ice nucleation
Author : K. L. Mittal
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119640377
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Ice Adhesion written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-15 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book presents ways to mitigate the disastrous effects of snow/ice accumulation and discusses the mechanisms of new coatings deicing technologies. The strategies currently used to combat ice accumulation problems involve chemical, mechanical or electrical approaches. These are expensive and labor intensive, and the use of chemicals raises serious environmental concerns. The availability of truly icephobic surfaces or coatings will be a big boon in preventing the devastating effects of ice accumulation. Currently, there is tremendous interest in harnessing nanotechnology in rendering surfaces icephobic or in devising icephobic surface materials and coatings, and all signals indicate that such interest will continue unabated in the future. As the key issue regarding icephobic materials or coatings is their durability, much effort is being spent in developing surface materials or coatings which can be effective over a long period. With the tremendous activity in this arena, there is strong hope that in the not too distant future, durable surface materials or coatings will come to fruition. This book contains 20 chapters by subject matter experts and is divided into three parts— Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Characterization; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered include: factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; icephobicities of superhydrophobic surfaces; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; icephobic surfaces: features and challenges; bio-inspired anti-icing surface materials; durability of anti-icing coatings; durability of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Author : Rosa Margesin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319570579
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Psychrophiles: From Biodiversity to Biotechnology written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold adaptation includes a complex range of structural and functional adaptations at the level of all cellular constituents, and these adaptations render cold-adapted organisms particularly useful for biotechnological applications. This book presents the most recent knowledge of (i) boundary conditions for microbial life in the cold, (ii) microbial diversity in various cold ecosystems, (iii) molecular cold adaptation mechanisms and (iv) the resulting biotechnological perspectives.
Author : H.R. Pruppacher
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0306481006
Total Pages : 975 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)
Download or read book Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation written by H.R. Pruppacher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud physics has achieved such a voluminous literature over the past few decades that a significant quantitative study of the entire field would prove unwieldy. This book concentrates on one major aspect: cloud microphysics, which involves the processes that lead to the formation of individual cloud and precipitation particles. Common practice has shown that one may distinguish among the following addi tional major aspects: cloud dynamics, which is concerned with the physics respon sible for the macroscopic features of clouds; cloud electricity, which deals with the electrical structure of clouds and the electrification processes of cloud and precipi tation particles; and cloud optics and radar meteorology, which describe the effects of electromagnetic waves interacting with clouds and precipitation. Another field intimately related to cloud physics is atmospheric chemistry, which involves the chemical composition ofthe atmosphere and the life cycle and characteristics of its gaseous and particulate constituents. In view of the natural interdependence of the various aspects of cloud physics, the subject of microphysics cannot be discussed very meaningfully out of context. Therefore, we have found it necessary to touch briefly upon a few simple and basic concepts of cloud dynamics and thermodynamics, and to provide an account of the major characteristics of atmospheric aerosol particles. We have also included a separate chapter on some of the effects of electric fields and charges on the precipitation-forming processes.
Author : Thibault Hiron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Experimental and Modeling Study of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Mineral Aerosol Particles and Its Impact on a Convective Cloud written by Thibault Hiron and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Katherine Patricia Carpenter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Influence of Surface Chemistry and Electric Fields on the Nucleation of Ice and Hydrates written by Katherine Patricia Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and controlling the formation of ice and hydrates has important energy-related applications including ice mitigation, methane harvesting from hydrates, and desalination by freezing. This dissertation describes multiple studies to explore the role of surface chemistry and electric fields on the nucleation of ice and hydrates. The first part of this dissertation describes a study on saltwater ice formation. A majority of the available literature on ice mitigation concerns freshwater icing, unlike this study. This work quantifies the influence of surface chemistry and texture on saltwater ice formation. Two kinds of experiments are conducted as part of this effort. The first set of experiments quantifies the influence of surface chemistry on ice nucleation of various saltwater solutions. It is noted that a large number of individual experiments were conducted, which makes the present results statistically meaningful, unlike most previous studies. The second set of experiments studies the dynamics associated with impact of saltwater droplets on supercooled superhydrophobic surfaces. It is seen that the saltwater droplets retract more than freshwater droplets (after impact). The greater bounciness of saltwater droplets is a result of slower ice nucleation propagation kinetics. These experiments indicate that superhydrophobic surfaces will offer greater resistance to impact icing with saltwater than pure water and can remain useful at temperatures as low as -40 °C. The second part of the dissertation includes a detailed study of electrofreezing, i.e., the electrically induced nucleation of ice from supercooled water. This work studies ice nucleation in electrowetted water droplets, wherein there is no electric field inside the droplet resting on a dielectric layer. Instead, there is an interfacial electric field and charge buildup at the solid-liquid interface. Through carefully planned experiments, the influence of electric fields and electric currents on the freezing temperature elevation is quantified. The results facilitate an in-depth understanding of various mechanisms underlying electrofreezing. Firstly, interfacial electric fields alone can significantly elevate freezing temperatures by more than 15 °C in the absence of current flow. Secondly, electrofreezing-induced temperature elevation saturates at high electric field strengths. Thirdly, the polarity of the interfacial charge does not significantly influence electrofreezing. Finally, current flow can further elevate the nucleation temperature by providing additional triggers for nucleation events. Overall, both the electric field and the electric current influence electrofreezing; however, the physical mechanisms are very different. The third part of the dissertation studies a novel concept to induce rapid formation of hydrates. The long induction times (hours to days) associated with hydrate nucleation is a significant barrier to many hydrate-based applications. The present work shows that electro-nucleation can promote rapid hydrate nucleation. Experiments were conducted with tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrates, which is a model hydrate used in many studies as a precursor to studies with methane hydrates. The results show that hydrate nucleation can be triggered in less than ten minutes by applying electro-nucleation voltages. The voltage-induced current flow through the precursor solution leads to bubble generation on the electrodes. These bubbles act as nucleation sites and provide triggers to initiate rapid nucleation. Electro-nucleation is thus seen a powerful technique to induce rapid hydrate nucleation. In summary, the work conducted in this dissertation significantly advances our current understanding of nucleation and liquid-solid phase change. It also develops and characterizes new tools and concepts to stimulate and control nucleation. Therefore, in addition to the fundamental contributions in the field of phase change, this work can enable the development of new energy-relevant applications.
Author : David C. Rogers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Ice Forming Experiments in Support of the Space and Terrestrial Applications Program - Ice Nucleation Studies and the Influence of Cloud Droplets on Ice Crystal Growth from the Vapor written by David C. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dennis Niedermeier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (83 download)
Download or read book Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Droplets Containing Mineral Dust Particles written by Dennis Niedermeier and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : E. J. Stansbury
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Experiments on the Nucleation of Ice 1961-63 written by E. J. Stansbury and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of recent nucleation experiments with raindropsized samples of distilled water, snow and hail were reported in MW-41 (Vali and Stansbury 1965). In the years 1961-63 similar experiments with less sophisticated equipment produced data on more than 20,000 freezing events. The work of MW-41 indicated that the dependence of freezing temperatures on cooling rate in the earlier experiments was small. The data has therefore been re-examined. For distilled water, the frequency distribution of freezing events with temperature has the shape predicted by the stochastic hypothesis. The mean freezing temperature of drops of distilled water increases by 1 degree when the volume is doubled. The behaviour of distilled water during and just following an interval at constant temperature is not predicted correctly by the stochastic hypothesis. For drops of natural precipitation the distributions cannot be described simply in analytical form: water from Alberta hail shows the warmest freezing temperatures, precipitation from Montreal freezes at somewhat colder temperatures. For drops formed from hail, the experiments suggest that the temperature of freezing is related to the specific nucleus content of the drops, and cannot be explained on a stochastic basis alone. (Author).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Isothermal and Cooling-rate-dependent Immersion Freezing by a Unifying Stochastic Ice Nucleation Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
ISBN 13 : 9781422377123
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (771 download)
Download or read book Transactions, American Philosophical Society (vol. 38, Part 3, 1948) written by and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
