Experimental Models Of Infection Inflammation And Injury

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Experimental Models of Infection, Inflammation and Injury

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323899463
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Models of Infection, Inflammation and Injury by :

Download or read book Experimental Models of Infection, Inflammation and Injury written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Models of Infection, Inflammation and Injury, Volume 168 provides step-by-step protocols for scientific researchers to effectively utilize experimental model systems. Chapters in this new release include Induction and Evaluation of Murine T Cell Transfer Colitis, Modelling acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in murine bone marrow transplantation (BMT) models with MHC disparity, Mouse models of Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Preclinical Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Methods in Autoimmune Demyelination, Preclinical model of Multiple Sclerosis: focal, chemical or demyelination, Investigating demyelination, efficient remyelination and remyelination failure in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures: workflow and practical tips, and more. Other notable sections cover Rheumatoid Arthritis: Methods for Two Murine Models, Induction of Pancreatitis in Mice with Susceptibility to Pancreatic Cancer, Small Animal Models of Thermal Injury, Large Animal Models of Thermal Injury, Small animal models of localized heart irradiation, Methods for Induction and Assessment of Intestinal Permeability in Rodent Models of Radiation Injury, and more. Provides precise, step-by-step guidance on how to implement experimental systems Presents a comprehensive background on the disease the model is being used to study Offers insights into how the described disease models compare to other existing systems

Investigation of the Effect of Intrauterine Inflammation and Infection on Fetal Brain Injury Using Human and Animal Models

Author : Lindsay Alexandra Laurentia Patrick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of the Effect of Intrauterine Inflammation and Infection on Fetal Brain Injury Using Human and Animal Models by : Lindsay Alexandra Laurentia Patrick

Download or read book Investigation of the Effect of Intrauterine Inflammation and Infection on Fetal Brain Injury Using Human and Animal Models written by Lindsay Alexandra Laurentia Patrick and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Experimental Models of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Author : Leonard Eleazar Glynn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783642665745
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Models of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases by : Leonard Eleazar Glynn

Download or read book Experimental Models of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases written by Leonard Eleazar Glynn and published by . This book was released on 1977-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Adverse Effects of Vaccines

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309214351
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Adverse Effects of Vaccines by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Adverse Effects of Vaccines written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1900, for every 1,000 babies born in the United States, 100 would die before their first birthday, often due to infectious diseases. Today, vaccines exist for many viral and bacterial diseases. The National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, passed in 1986, was intended to bolster vaccine research and development through the federal coordination of vaccine initiatives and to provide relief to vaccine manufacturers facing financial burdens. The legislation also intended to address concerns about the safety of vaccines by instituting a compensation program, setting up a passive surveillance system for vaccine adverse events, and by providing information to consumers. A key component of the legislation required the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to collaborate with the Institute of Medicine to assess concerns about the safety of vaccines and potential adverse events, especially in children. Adverse Effects of Vaccines reviews the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence regarding adverse health events associated with specific vaccines covered by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP), including the varicella zoster vaccine, influenza vaccines, the hepatitis B vaccine, and the human papillomavirus vaccine, among others. For each possible adverse event, the report reviews peer-reviewed primary studies, summarizes their findings, and evaluates the epidemiological, clinical, and biological evidence. It finds that while no vaccine is 100 percent safe, very few adverse events are shown to be caused by vaccines. In addition, the evidence shows that vaccines do not cause several conditions. For example, the MMR vaccine is not associated with autism or childhood diabetes. Also, the DTaP vaccine is not associated with diabetes and the influenza vaccine given as a shot does not exacerbate asthma. Adverse Effects of Vaccines will be of special interest to the National Vaccine Program Office, the VICP, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine safety researchers and manufacturers, parents, caregivers, and health professionals in the private and public sectors.

Development of [in Vitro] Microfluidic Models for Studying Inflammation and Stem Cell Biology

Author : Patrick McMinn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of [in Vitro] Microfluidic Models for Studying Inflammation and Stem Cell Biology by : Patrick McMinn

Download or read book Development of [in Vitro] Microfluidic Models for Studying Inflammation and Stem Cell Biology written by Patrick McMinn and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic inflammatory diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. One of the critical steps of inflammation is the recruitment and activation of neutrophils. This process results in a highly focused mobilization of neutrophils at the site of infection or injury. Dysregulation of this process can lead to disproportionate levels of inflammation resulting in tissue damage, chronic inflammation, or the spread of infection. By improving our understanding of neutrophil trafficking, we can hope to develop better therapeutics and drugs for treating chronic inflammatory diseases. Our current understanding of neutrophil trafficking is predominately derived from animal models, such as mouse, and zebrafish, and simple in vitro models such as transwells and 2D devices. These approaches each possess inherent limitations on the types of experiments we can conduct and in correlating the significance of these results to our understanding of human biology. As the development and increased use of microscale organotypic models in research continue, our ability to model neutrophil trafficking using human cells in biologically relevant models could improve our understanding of these events. The goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to investigate the development of microscale organotypic models of three understudied processes related to neutrophil recruitment; neutrophil priming, neutrophil reverse migration, and neutrophil-lymphatic trafficking. We also present the development and characterization of a microscale technology for culturing and differentiating human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The following thesis is divided into five chapters and an appendix, each part can be independently read, but all of them should be considered within the overarching goal. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to neutrophils' role in inflammation, neutrophil-endothelial-macrophage interactions, microscale stem cell culture, and the benefits of microscale organotypic models. In Chapter 2, the development and characterization of a device for studying neutrophil priming and TEM are introduced, and an initial investigation into these topics is conducted. At the end of Chapter 2, preliminary work on modeling neutrophil reverse migration (RM) is presented and shows how neutrophil-macrophage interactions can induce a RM phenotype in neutrophils. In Chapter 3, an organotypic tissue model, consisting of blood and lymphatic endothelial lumens is used to identify secreted components involved in regulating neutrophil-lymphatic trafficking. In Chapter 4, a microscale technology for culturing and differentiating iPSCs is described, characterized, and shown to differentiate iPSCs into neuroepithelial cells, definitive endodermal cells, and cardiomyocytes. Finally, the main conclusions of this Ph.D. thesis and future directions are described in chapter 5.

Animal Models of Pain

Author : Chao Ma
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781607618799
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Models of Pain by : Chao Ma

Download or read book Animal Models of Pain written by Chao Ma and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2010-10-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the loss of work days, the price of health care and payments for compensation, litigation, and malpractice, and the overwhelming cost of human suffering, chronic pain syndromes affect humanity enormously on both an economic and personal level. In Animal Models of Pain, expert investigators in the field provide a consolidated review of the current state of pain research by capturing the diversity of animal models that are used to investigate pain mechanisms, which range from surgical incision to mechanical compression and from spinal cord injury to cutaneous/local inflammation and beyond. As a volume in the respected Neuromethods series, this book delivers its vital content through detailed descriptions of a wide variety of step-by-step laboratory methods. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Animal Models of Pain seeks to lead scientists closer to the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life and relieving the unbearable burden of chronic pain for millions of people throughout the world.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Author : Lawrence H. Lash
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483218619
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dysfunction by : Lawrence H. Lash

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.

Reovirus Myelitis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Reovirus Myelitis by :

Download or read book Reovirus Myelitis written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Viral infections of the spinal cord (myelitis) are among the oldest described human neurological infections, and continue to be an important cause of human morbidity and mortality. Effective treatment is limited by lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis and limited availability of experimental models to study mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. We developed an experimental model of myelitis using reovirus infection in which 90% of mice develop progressive hind-limb paralysis about 9 days post inoculation. Paralysis correlated with infection and apoptotic death of the spinal cord (SC) motor neurons, and with the associated activation of proteases involved in cell death pathways including calpain and caspase 3. Another potential mechanism of cellular injury and therapeutic target increased in reovirus infected SC tissue was oxidative stress. In addition to neuronal injury, reovirus myelitis was associated with dramatic morphological alterations and activation of glial cells ("gliosis"). Microglia/macrophage-enriched cellular fractions from mock and reovirus-induced SC cellular suspensions were analyzed for expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Cellular fractions from reovirus-infected animals showed up-regulation of inflammatory mediators compared to control samples, paralleling results in vivo. An ex vivo SC slice culture (SCSC) system was established to evaluate intrinsic SC-innate mechanisms of injury in the absence of contributions from systemic infection or infiltrating inflammatory cells. Reovirus-infection of SCSC demonstrated that reovirus-induced SC tissue destruction and increases in inflammatory mediators did not require hematopoietic cells, but included chemokines that would result in immune cell infiltration in the whole animal. In general, the inflammatory response is responsible for the control of viral infection, but prolonged inflammation can damage the delicate CNS tissue even further than infection alone. The experiments described in this thesis lay the groundwork for understanding the mechanisms of injury found in reovirus-induced SC injury, and the immune response to reovirus-infected SC tissues. Importantly, the mechanisms of injury and neuroinflammatory response found during reovirus myelitis are also found in human viral myelitis. Thus, this experimental system of reovirus-myelitis is a novel model for understanding pathogenesis of viral myelitis that may facilitate rationale design of therapeutics that can be tested in human spinal cord infection."--Abstract.

Idiotypes in Medicine: Autoimmunity, Infection and Cancer

Author : R.C. Kennedy
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080534430
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Idiotypes in Medicine: Autoimmunity, Infection and Cancer by : R.C. Kennedy

Download or read book Idiotypes in Medicine: Autoimmunity, Infection and Cancer written by R.C. Kennedy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-19 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most comprehensive review of the idiotypic network available. All the current knowledge of idiotypes of the various antibodies is incorporated in this volume. The pathogenic role of idiotypes in autoimmunity and cancer is reviewed in depth. The therapeutic part focusses on harnessing anti-idiotypes for treating autoimmunological disorders, and on the employment of idiotypes for vaccines in cancer and infectious diseases, as well as explaining the manipulation of the idiotypic network in autoimmunity and cancer idiotypes and vaccines.

Polymicrobial Diseases

Author : Kim A. Brogden
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymicrobial Diseases by : Kim A. Brogden

Download or read book Polymicrobial Diseases written by Kim A. Brogden and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymicrobial diseases, those involving more than one etiologic agent, are more common than is generally realized and include respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, hepatitis, periodontal diseases, multiple sclerosis, genital infections, intra -- abdominal infections, and pertussis.

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Discovery

Author : Jeremy I. Levin
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1849735344
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (497 download)

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Book Synopsis Anti-Inflammatory Drug Discovery by : Jeremy I. Levin

Download or read book Anti-Inflammatory Drug Discovery written by Jeremy I. Levin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anti-Inflammatory Drug Discovery provides a comprehensive review of recent medicinal chemistry approaches to a variety of important therapeutic targets and provides a key reference for those interested in the prosecution of modern drug discovery programs directed at anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action. The editors, with extensive experience in this field, have selected key thought-leaders who will bring their experience to the medicinal chemistry literature for each target, ranging from components of the arachadonic acid cascade, to kinases, GPCRs, sphingolipids and others, to summarize its background biology and detail new insights, major advances and issues related to bringing new anti-inflammatory therapies to market. Consisting of five main sections key targets covered will include the AA Cascade: mPGES1, cPLA2, Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase, CRTH2; Kinases: P38/PDE4, MAPKAP Kinase 2 (MK2), Syk Kinase Inhibitors, Jak Kinases, IKK , Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase; GPCRs: CCR1, CCR2 Antagonists, CB2 Agonists; Sphingolipids: S1P1 Receptor Agonists, Sphingosine Lyase and Sphingosine Kinase 1 and a final miscellaneous section that looks at Non-Steroidal Dissociated Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists. The book will be essential reading for pharmacologists, medicinal chemists and pharmaceutical scientists working in industry and academia.

Molecular Neuropathology

Author : Gareth W. Roberts
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521425582
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Neuropathology by : Gareth W. Roberts

Download or read book Molecular Neuropathology written by Gareth W. Roberts and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-06-08 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an introduction to the essential techniques required for studying the molecular biology of brain disease. The approaches and strategies for investigations of gene structure and regulation are described with reference to the molecular genetics of prion and Alzheimer's disease. The effects of aberrant gene regulation can also be examined at the protein level by immunocytochemistry and autoradiography. Improved understanding of basic biology has resulted in new approaches to animal models using transgenic techniques and new therapeutic approaches. The volume is structured to illustrate all these approaches and demonstrate the practice and promise of molecular neuropathology.

Molecular Basis of Health and Disease

Author : Undurti N. Das
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940070495X
Total Pages : 591 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Basis of Health and Disease by : Undurti N. Das

Download or read book Molecular Basis of Health and Disease written by Undurti N. Das and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes how the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules is related to health and disease. It is suggested that many diseases are initiated and their progress is influenced by inflammatory molecules and a decrease in the production and/or action of anti-inflammatory molecules and this imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules seems to have been initiated in the perinatal period. This implies that strategies to prevent and manage various adult diseases should start in the perinatal period. An alteration in the metaolism of essential fatty acids and their anti-inflammatory molecules such as lipoxins, resolvins, protecitns, maresins and nitrolipids seems to play a major role in the pathobiology of several adult diseases. Based on these concepts, novel therapeutic approaches in the management of insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancer, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and other auto-immune diseases are presented. Based on all these evidences, a unified concept that several adult diseases are due to an alteration in the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules is discussed and novel methods of their management are presented.

Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat

Author : George A Parker
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128026960
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat by : George A Parker

Download or read book Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat written by George A Parker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlas of Histology of the Juvenile Rat should be of interest to toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and other biological scientists who are interested in the histomorphology of juvenile rats. For several decades the laboratory rat has been used extensively in nonclinical toxicology studies designed to detect potential human toxicity of drugs, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, and environmental hazards. These studies traditionally have involved young adult rats that are 8-10 weeks of age as studies are started. It is becoming increasingly apparent that children and young animals may have different responses to drug/chemical exposures, therefore, regulatory agencies are emphasizing toxicology studies in juvenile animals. While the histologic features of organs from young adult and aged laboratory rats are well known, less is known about the histologic features of organs from juvenile rats. Final histologic maturity of many organs is achieved postnatally, thus immature histologic features must be distinguished from chemical- or drug-related effects. While this postnatal organ development is known to exist as a general concept, detailed information regarding postnatal histologic development is not readily available. The Atlas includes organs that are typically sampled in nonclinical toxicology studies and presents the histologic features at weekly intervals, starting at birth and extending through postnatal day 42. Written and edited by highly experienced, board-certified toxicologic pathologists Includes more than 700 high-resolution microscopic images from organs that are typically examined in safety assessment toxicology studies Detailed figure legends and chapter narratives present the salient features of each organ at each time interval Figures are available for further study via Elsevier’s Virtual Microscope, which allows viewing of microscopic images at higher magnification Valuable resource for toxicologic pathologists who are confronted with interpretation of lesions in juvenile rats in situations where age-matched concurrent controls are not available for comparison, e.g., with unscheduled decedents Figures are available for further study on ScienceDirect with Virtual Microscope, which allows viewing of microscopic images at higher magnification

The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis

Author : Gregory Atkins
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139851063
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis by : Gregory Atkins

Download or read book The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis written by Gregory Atkins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-08 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is the most common debilitating neurological disease in people under the age of forty in the developed world. Many publications cover medical and clinical approaches to the disease; however, The Biology of Multiple Sclerosis provides a clear and concise up-to-date overview of the scientific literature on the various theories of MS pathogenesis. Covering the main elements of scientific research into multiple sclerosis, the book contains chapters on the neuropathology of the disease as well as an account of the most extensively used animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The book contains chapters regarding the role of viruses in the development of multiple sclerosis. Viruses have long been implicated and chapters on animal models based on virus infection, as well as their possible role in the etiology of MS, are included. Of interest to MS researchers, the book is written to also be of value to postgraduate and medical students.

Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Author : Leonardo Pantoni
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107031664
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Small Vessel Disease by : Leonardo Pantoni

Download or read book Cerebral Small Vessel Disease written by Leonardo Pantoni and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date discussion of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this common cause of stroke and cognitive impairment.

Handbook of Animal Models of Infection

Author : Merle A. Sande
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080533558
Total Pages : 1169 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Animal Models of Infection by : Merle A. Sande

Download or read book Handbook of Animal Models of Infection written by Merle A. Sande and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-05-28 with total page 1169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Animal Models of Infection is a complete revision of a three-volume text that was published in 1986. It incorporates the major advances in the field during the past decade, in particular those concerning molecular biological procedures and new models that have been developed. It focuses on both methods and techniques, which makes it an essential and comprehensive reference as well as a benchtop manual. The Handbook will help investigators save time and effort in formulating an approach to test a new potential therapeutic agent or combination of agents for in vivo efficacy and to position the therapy for specific infections where it may have therapeutic promise. The book is divided into five sections; the first covering the general methodologies, followed by sections describing experimental bacterial, mycotic, parasitic, and viral infections. Discusses ethical and safety aspects in an introductory background section Covers principles of animal care and current techniques appropriate for the use of animal models of infection Details a wide range of animals including rodents, rabbits, cats, and primates Provides hands-on descriptions of how to set up the model Discusses the major advantages and limitations of each model Ensures full coverage of bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections