Experimental Factors Affecting Pcr Based Estimates Of Microbial Species Richness And Evenness

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Experimental Factors Affecting PCR-based Estimates of Microbial Species Richness and Evenness

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental Factors Affecting PCR-based Estimates of Microbial Species Richness and Evenness by :

Download or read book Experimental Factors Affecting PCR-based Estimates of Microbial Species Richness and Evenness written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons for microbial community profiling can, for equivalent costs, yield greater than two orders of magnitude more sensitivity than traditional PCR-cloning and Sanger sequencing. With this increased sensitivity and the ability to analyze multiple samples in parallel, it has become possible to evaluate several technical aspects of PCRbased community structure profiling methods. We tested the effect of amplicon length and primer pair on estimates of species richness number of species and evenness relative abundance of species by assessing the potentially tractable microbial community residing in the termite hindgut. Two regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced from one of two common priming sites, spanning the V1-V2 or V8 regions, using amplicons ranging n length from 352 to 1443 bp. Our results demonstrate that both amplicon length and primer pair markedly influence estimates of richness and evenness. However, estimates of species evenness are consistent among different primer pairs targeting the same region. These results highlight the importance of experimental methodology when comparing diversity estimates across communities.

Manual of Environmental Microbiology

Author : Cindy H. Nakatsu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 155581882X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (558 download)

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Book Synopsis Manual of Environmental Microbiology by : Cindy H. Nakatsu

Download or read book Manual of Environmental Microbiology written by Cindy H. Nakatsu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The single most comprehensive resource for environmental microbiology Environmental microbiology, the study of the roles that microbes play in all planetary environments, is one of the most important areas of scientific research. The Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Fourth Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of this critical and growing field. Thoroughly updated and revised, the Manual is the definitive reference for information on microbes in air, water, and soil and their impact on human health and welfare. Written in accessible, clear prose, the manual covers four broad areas: general methodologies, environmental public health microbiology, microbial ecology, and biodegradation and biotransformation. This wealth of information is divided into 18 sections each containing chapters written by acknowledged topical experts from the international community. Specifically, this new edition of the Manual Contains completely new sections covering microbial risk assessment, quality control, and microbial source tracking Incorporates a summary of the latest methodologies used to study microorganisms in various environments Synthesizes the latest information on the assessment of microbial presence and microbial activity in natural and artificial environments The Manual of Environmental Microbiology is an essential reference for environmental microbiologists, microbial ecologists, and environmental engineers, as well as those interested in human diseases, water and wastewater treatment, and biotechnology.

Environmental Geochemistry

Author : Benedetto DeVivo
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 044464007X
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Geochemistry by : Benedetto DeVivo

Download or read book Environmental Geochemistry written by Benedetto DeVivo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis and Case Histories, Second Edition, reviews the role of geochemistry in the environment and details state-of-the-art applications of these principles in the field, specifically in pollution and remediation situations. Chapters cover both philosophy and procedures, as well as applications, in an array of issues in environmental geochemistry including health problems related to environment pollution, waste disposal and data base management. This updated edition also includes illustrations of specific case histories of site characterization and remediation of brownfield sites. Covers numerous global case studies allowing readers to see principles in action Explores the environmental impacts on soils, water and air in terms of both inorganic and organic geochemistry Written by a well-respected author team, with over 100 years of experience combined Includes updated content on: urban geochemical mapping, chemical speciation, characterizing a brownsfield site and the relationship between heavy metal distributions and cancer mortality

Frontiers in Ecology, Evolution and Complexity

Author : Mariana Benítez
Publisher : CopIt ArXives
ISBN 13 : 1938128052
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in Ecology, Evolution and Complexity by : Mariana Benítez

Download or read book Frontiers in Ecology, Evolution and Complexity written by Mariana Benítez and published by CopIt ArXives. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in molecular biology, remote sensing, systems biology, bioinformatics, non-linear science, the physics of complex systems and other fields have rendered a great amount of data that remain to be integrated into models and theories that are capable of accounting for the complexity of ecological systems and the evolutionary dynamics of life. It is thus necessary to provide a solid basis to discuss and reflect on these and other challenges both at the local and global scales. This volume aims to delineate an integrative and interdisciplinary view that suggests new avenues in research and teaching, critically discusses the scope of the diverse methods in the study of complex systems, and points at key open questions. Finally, this book will provide students and specialists with a collection of high quality open access essays that will contribute to integrate Ecology, Evolution and Complexity in the context of basic research and in the field of Sustainability Sciences.

Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2nd Edition

Author : Angel Borja
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889451267
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2nd Edition by : Angel Borja

Download or read book Bridging the Gap Between Policy and Science in Assessing the Health Status of Marine Ecosystems, 2nd Edition written by Angel Borja and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine management requires approaches which bring together the best research from the natural and social sciences. It requires stakeholders to be well-informed by science and to work across administrative and geographical boundaries, a feature especially important in the inter-connected marine environment. Marine management must ensure that the natural structure and functioning of ecosystems is maintained to provide ecosystem services. Once those marine ecosystem services have been created, they deliver societal goods as long as society inputs its skills, time, money and energy to gather those benefits. However, if societal goods and benefits are to be limitless, society requires appropriate administrative, legal and management mechanisms to ensure that the use of such benefits do not impact on environmental quality, but instead support its sustainable use.

Phytotechnologies

Author : Naser A. Anjum
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439875189
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Phytotechnologies by : Naser A. Anjum

Download or read book Phytotechnologies written by Naser A. Anjum and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants highlights the use of natural and inherent traits of plants and associated microbes to exclude, accumulate, or metabolize a variety of contaminants, with the goal of efficiently and sustainably decontaminating the biosphere from unwanted hazardous compounds. Contributed by an international team of authors, the book ensures a balance between theory and practice without compromising the basic conceptual framework of Phytotechnologies. Divided into three major sections, the book: Introduces contaminants and contaminated sites, and also highlights the significance of genus Brassica and vetiver grass species for varied environmental contaminants’ remediation Presents an exhaustive exploration of potential strategies for enhancing plants and associated microbes-mediated environmental contaminants’ remediation Overviews major physiological, biochemical, and genetic-molecular mechanisms responsible for plant tolerance and adaptation to varied environmental contaminants A one-stop source of cutting edge answers and time-saving access, Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants is a common platform for engineers, environmental microbiologists, plant physiologists, and molecular biologists with the common aim of sustainable solutions to vital environmental issues. In short, the book provides a conceptual overview of ecosystems approaches and phytotechnologies, and their cumulative significance in relation to various environmental problems and potential solutions.

Molecular Diversity of Environmental Prokaryotes

Author : Thiago Bruce Rodrigues
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482233231
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Diversity of Environmental Prokaryotes by : Thiago Bruce Rodrigues

Download or read book Molecular Diversity of Environmental Prokaryotes written by Thiago Bruce Rodrigues and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book correlates the vast genetic diversity associated with environmental samples and still underexploited potential for the development of biotechnology products. The book points out the potential of different types of environmental samples. It presents the main characteristics of microbial diversity, the main approaches used for molecular characterization of the diversity, and practical examples of application of the exploration of the microbial diversity. It presents a not-yet-explored structure for discussing the main topics related to molecular biology of environmental prokaryotes and their biotechnological applications.

Metabolomics, Proteomes and Gene Editing Approaches in Biofertilizer Industry

Author : Sukhminderjit Kaur
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981993561X
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolomics, Proteomes and Gene Editing Approaches in Biofertilizer Industry by : Sukhminderjit Kaur

Download or read book Metabolomics, Proteomes and Gene Editing Approaches in Biofertilizer Industry written by Sukhminderjit Kaur and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-27 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book covers the major aspects of plant growth promoting bacteria and mechanisms underlining the phenotype in rhizobacteria. This book guides the researchers about the potential of plant growth promoting bacteria to be used as biofertilizers. The process of biofertilizer development and the process of testing its efficacy for commercial use and the potency is elaborated in this volume using suitable figures. The information in this book regarding the secretion of various secondary metabolites responsible for nutrient management is helpful for designing bioformulations that assist plant growth. This book provides substantial number of evidences that underlines the genomic basis of nutrient management by microbes. Essential information is provided regarding the genomic and proteomic background of the biofertilizers. The chapters in the book are divided into three sections. The first section of the book includes chapter 1-5 outlining the importance of rhizobacteria in elevating the nutrient levels in soil and augmenting the biotic and abiotic stress. Second section of the book includes chapter 6-11 elaborating the details about the biofertilizer, types of biofertilizer available and techniques involved in mass production of biofertilizers. Section third covers chapters from 12-15 providing the explicit information about metabolomics and proteomics basis of plant growth development. This collective work is distinct as it has focus on diverse emerging technologies which are high-throughput, scalable and applicable to different countries regardless of their socio-economic conditions. This book can improve the current state of knowledge and invoke researchers and innovators to take ahead the current inter-disciplinary knowledge into technologies that are readily available and effectively minimize hazards associated with chemical fertilizer.

Recent Advances in Environmental Management

Author : Ram Naresh Bharagava
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351011243
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Environmental Management by : Ram Naresh Bharagava

Download or read book Recent Advances in Environmental Management written by Ram Naresh Bharagava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the toxicity of various organic and inorganic pollutants, their eco-toxicological effects and eco-friendly approaches for remediation of environmental pollutants. Extensive focus has been relied on the recent advances in ecofriendly approaches such as bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies, including the use of various group of microbes for remediation of environmental pollutants, etc. Researchers working in the field of bioremediation, phytoremediation, waste management and related fields will find this compilation most useful for further study to learn about the subject matter.

Endodontic Microbiology

Author : Ashraf F. Fouad
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118975502
Total Pages : 878 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (189 download)

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Book Synopsis Endodontic Microbiology by : Ashraf F. Fouad

Download or read book Endodontic Microbiology written by Ashraf F. Fouad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endodontic Microbiology, Second Edition presents a comprehensive reference to the microbiology, pathogenesis, management, and healing of endodontic pathosis, emphasizing the importance of biological sciences in understanding and managing endodontic disease and its interaction with systemic health. Provides a major revision to the first book to focus on the problems related to microbes in the root canal and periapical tissues Updates current knowledge in endodontic pathosis, especially regarding next generation sequencing and microbial virulence Presents useful diagrams, images, radiographs, and annotated histological images to illustrate the concepts Emphasizes the importance of biological science in understanding and managing endodontic disease Includes contributions from the leading researchers and educators in the field

Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation

Author : Surajit Das
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351649396
Total Pages : 1149 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation by : Surajit Das

Download or read book Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation written by Surajit Das and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-04-07 with total page 1149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Around the World, metal pollution is a major problem. Conventional practices of toxic metal removal can be ineffective and/or expensive, delaying and exacerbating the crisis. Those communities dealing with contamination must be aware of the fundamentals advances of microbe-mediated metal removal practices because these methods can be easily used and require less remedial intervention. This book describes innovations and efficient applications for metal bioremediation for environments polluted by metal contaminates.

Electrochemically Active Microorganisms

Author : Yong Xiao
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288945651X
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemically Active Microorganisms by : Yong Xiao

Download or read book Electrochemically Active Microorganisms written by Yong Xiao and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs, also known as bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are promising technologies for energy and products recovery coupled with wastewater treatment, and have attracted increasing attention. Many studies have been conducted to expand the application of MESs for contaminants degradation and bioremediation, and increase the efficiency of electricity production by optimizing architectural structure of MESs, developing new electrode materials, etc. However, one of the big challenges for researchers to overcome, before MESs can be used commercially, is to improve the performance of the biofilm on electrodes so that ‘electron transfer’ can be enhanced. This would lead to greater production of electricity, energy or other products. Electrochemically active microorganisms (EAMs) are a group of microorganisms which are able to release electrons from inside their cells to an electrode or accept electrons from an electron donor. The way in which EAMs do this is called ‘extracellular electron transfer’ (EET). So far, two EET mechanisms have been identified: direct electron transfer from microorganisms physically attached to an electrode, and indirect electron transfer from microorganisms that are not physically attached to an electrode. 1) Direct electron transfer between microorganisms and electrode can occur in two ways: a) when there is physical contact between outer membrane structures of the microbial cell and the surface of the electrode, b) when electrons are transferred between the microorganism and the electrode through tiny projections (called pili or nanowires) that extend from the outer membrane of the microorganism and attach themselves to the electrode. 2) Indirect transfer of electrons from the microorganisms to an electrode occurs via long-range electron shuttle compounds that may be naturally present (in wastewater, for example), or may be produced by the microorganisms themselves. The electrochemically active biofilm, which degrades contaminants and produces electricity in MESs, consists of diverse community of EAMs and other microorganisms. However, up to date only a few EAMs have been identified, and most studies on EET have focused on the two model species of Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens.

The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments

Author : David Emerson
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889190749
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments by : David Emerson

Download or read book The microbial ferrous wheel: iron cycling in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments written by David Emerson and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 15 years, there has been steady growth in work relating to the microbial iron cycle. It is now well established that in anaerobic environments coupling of organic matter utilization to Fe reduction is a major pathway for anaerobic respiration. In iron-rich circumneutral environments that exist at oxic-anoxic boundaries, significant progress has been made in demonstrating that unique groups of microbes can grow either aerobically or anaerobically using Fe as a primary energy source. Likewise, in high iron acidic environments, progress has been made in the study of communities of microbes that oxidize iron, and in understanding the details of how certain of these organisms gain energy from Fe-oxidation. On the iron scarcity side, it is now appreciated that in large areas of the open ocean Fe is a key limiting nutrient; thus, a great deal of research is going into understanding the strategies microbial cells, principally phytoplankton, use to acquire iron, and how the iron cycle may impact other nutrient cycles. Finally, due to its abundance, iron has played an important role in the evolution of Earth’s primary biogeochemical cycles through time. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather contributions from scientists working in diverse disciplines who have common interests in iron cycling at the process level, and at the organismal level, both from the perspective of Fe as an energy source, or as a limiting nutrient for primary productivity in the ocean. The range of disciplines may include: geomicrobiologists, microbial ecologists, microbial physiologists, biological oceanographers, and biogeochemists. Articles can be original research, techniques, reviews, or synthesis papers. An overarching goal is to demonstrate the environmental breadth of the iron cycle, and foster understanding between different scientific communities who may not always be aware of one another’s work.

Biofouling Methods

Author : Sergey Dobretsov
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118336119
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofouling Methods by : Sergey Dobretsov

Download or read book Biofouling Methods written by Sergey Dobretsov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-08-04 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofouling Methods provides a “cook book” for both established workers and those new to the field. The methods included in this important new book range from tried and tested techniques to those at the cutting edge, encompassing the full diversity of this multidisciplinary field. The book covers methods for microbial and macrofouling, coatings and biocides, and ranges from methods for fundamental studies to methods relevant for industrial applications. There is an emphasis on answering questions and each chapter provides technical methods and problem-solving hints and tips. Bringing together a wealth of international contributions and edited by three internationally known and respected experts in the subject Biofouling Methods is the essential methodology reference in the field for all those working in the antifouling industry including those involved in formulation of antifouling products such as paints and other coatings. Aquatic biologists, ecologists, environmental scientists and lawyers, marine engineers, aquaculture personnel, chemists, and medical researchers will all find much of interest within this book. All universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught should have copies of this important work on their shelves.

Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology

Author : Se-Kwon Kim
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119143764
Total Pages : 8365 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology by : Se-Kwon Kim

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology written by Se-Kwon Kim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 8365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A keystone reference that presents both up-to-date research and the far-reaching applications of marine biotechnology Featuring contributions from 100 international experts in the field, this five-volume encyclopedia provides comprehensive coverage of topics in marine biotechnology. It starts with the history of the field and delivers a complete overview of marine biotechnology. It then offers information on marine organisms, bioprocess techniques, marine natural products, biomaterials, bioenergy, and algal biotechnology. The encyclopedia also covers marine food and biotechnology applications in areas such as pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nutraceuticals. Each topic in Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology is followed by 10-30 subtopics. The reference looks at algae cosmetics, drugs, and fertilizers; biodiversity; chitins and chitosans; aeroplysinin-1, toluquinol, astaxanthin, and fucoxanthin; and algal and fish genomics. It examines neuro-protective compounds from marine microorganisms; potential uses and medical management of neurotoxic phycotoxins; and the role of metagenomics in exploring marine microbiomes. Other sections fully explore marine microbiology, pharmaceutical development, seafood science, and the new biotechnology tools that are being used in the field today. One of the first encyclopedic books to cater to experts in marine biotechnology Brings together a diverse range of research on marine biotechnology to bridge the gap between scientific research and the industrial arena Offers clear explanations accompanied by color illustrations of the techniques and applications discussed Contains studies of the applications of marine biotechnology in the field of biomedical sciences Edited by an experienced author with contributions from internationally recognized experts from around the globe Encyclopedia of Marine Biotechnology is a must-have resource for researchers, scientists, and marine biologists in the industry, as well as for students at the postgraduate and graduate level. It will also benefit companies focusing on marine biotechnology, pharmaceutical and biotechnology, and bioenergy.

The Human Microbiota and Microbiome

Author : Julian R Marchesi
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1780640498
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis The Human Microbiota and Microbiome by : Julian R Marchesi

Download or read book The Human Microbiota and Microbiome written by Julian R Marchesi and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of different microbial species colonize the human body, and are essential for our survival. This book presents a review of the current understanding of human microbiomes, the functions that they bring to the host, how we can model them, their role in health and disease and the methods used to explore them. Current research into areas such as the long-term effect of antibiotics makes this a subject of considerable interest. This title is essential reading for researchers and students of microbiology.

Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments

Author : Maurizio Labbate
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889199398
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments by : Maurizio Labbate

Download or read book Anthropogenic Impacts on the Microbial Ecology and Function of Aquatic Environments written by Maurizio Labbate and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquatic ecosystems are currently experiencing unprecedented levels of impact from human activities including over-exploitation of resources, habitat destruction, pollution and the influence of climate change. The impacts of these activities on the microbial ecology of aquatic environments are only now beginning to be defined. One of the many implications of environmental degradation and climate change is the geographical expansion of disease- causing microbes such as those from the Vibrio genus. Elevating sea surface temperatures correlate with increasing Vibrio numbers and disease in marine animals (e.g. corals) and humans. Contamination of aquatic environments with heavy metals and other pollutants affects microbial ecology with downstream effects on biogeochemical cycles and nutrient turnover. Also of importance is the pollution of aquatic environments with antibiotics, resistance genes and the mobile genetic elements that house resistance genes from human and animal waste. Such contaminated environments act as a source of resistance genes long after an antibiotic has ceased being used in the community. Environments contaminated with mobile genetic elements that are adapted to human commensals and pathogens function to capture new resistance genes for potential reintroduction back into clinical environments. This research topic encompasses these diverse topics and describes the affect(s) of human activity on the microbial ecology and function in aquatic environments and, describes methods of restoration and for modelling disturbances.