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Experimental Characterization Of Steel Jacket Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Bridge Column Behavior In Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes
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Book Synopsis Experimental Characterization of Steel Jacket Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Bridge Column Behavior in Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes by : Sean McGuiness
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of Steel Jacket Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Bridge Column Behavior in Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes written by Sean McGuiness and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on seismic retrofitting of Reinforced Concrete (RC) bridge columns in the United States (U.S.) was motivated by damage observed following the 1971 San Fernando, 1989 Loma Prieta, and 1994 Northridge earthquakes of California. The research resulted in a retrofitting procedure that consisted of installing steel jackets around RC bridge columns to enhance the lateral deformation capacity. Although the research focused on the development of this retrofit strategy for bridge columns in California, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) implemented the program in 1991. Unlike the strike-slip faults in California, seismicity in western Washington is generally dominated by the Cascadia Subduction Zone fault. The 1964 Alaska, U.S., 2010 Maule, Chile and 2011 Tohoku, Japan are examples of mega-thrust long duration earthquakes emanating from a subduction zone fault and producing ground motions with longer durations of strong shaking than strike-slip faults. The research conducted in this study was motivated by the need to assess performance of the existing retrofit strategy when subjected to the expected demands of subduction zone earthquakes. The research conducted herein was an experimental study on the behavior of steel jacket retrofitted bridge columns subjected to demands from long duration earthquakes. Six reduced scale column specimens were designed, constructed, and tested as cantilevers. WSDOT's inventory was characterized to inform the values used for the column parameters, such that the six columns were intended to reasonably cover the range of values for critical parameters. Five of six tests utilized a modified fully reversed-cyclic lateral loading protocol to include additional cycles characteristic of long duration earthquakes. The sixth test used an earthquake protocol, obtained from the response of a single degree of freedom model to a synthetic Cascadia Subduction Zone ground motion in western Washington. Study results indicated stable drifts, including minimal pinching in the load-displacement response indicative of favorable hysteretic energy dissipation, at drifts in excess of the 4\\% expectation set forth in the steel jacket retrofit design guidelines. Total deformation was primarily a result of longitudinal reinforcement bond slip and elongation at the footing-column interface with strength degradation due to low-cycle fatigue fracture.
Book Synopsis Modeled Behavior of Steel Jacket Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by : Stacia Bell
Download or read book Modeled Behavior of Steel Jacket Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns written by Stacia Bell and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aftermath of the San Fernando, Whittier, and Loma Prieta slip-strike earthquakes in 1971, 1987, and 1989, respectively, showed the inadequacy of pre-1971 reinforced concrete bridge columns and led to extensive research in the United States on seismic retrofitting of these columns. Providing steel jackets around the columns was determined to be effective in increasing lateral deformation capacity under seismic demand. The jacket can confine the concrete, such that failure occurs due to fatigue fracture of longitudinal reinforcement. Previous research did not focus specifically on behavior under long-duration subduction zone earthquakes, which can increase the likelihood of fatigue fracture relative to strike-slip earthquakes. This study focuses on behavior under demands from both strike slip and long-duration earthquakes. In this research, an analytical model of a steel jacket retrofitted reinforced concrete bridge column was developed in OpenSEES. The model consisted of a linear elastic element for the jacketed portion of the column, a fiber section to capture plasticity at the gap between the bottom of the steel jacket and top of the footing, and zero-length bond slip elements at the column-footing interface and the bottom of the jacket. The OpenSEES model was used in combination with a fatigue model to predict the fatigue failure of the longitudinal reinforcement. The column model was validated using ten test columns. This included four columns with loading protocols more reflective of strike-slip earthquakes and six columns with loading protocols reflective of long duration demands.
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance of Substandard Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Under Subduction-Zone Ground Motions by :
Download or read book Seismic Performance of Substandard Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Under Subduction-Zone Ground Motions written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large magnitude, long duration subduction earthquake is impending in the Pacific Northwest, which lies near the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). Great subduction zone earthquakes are the largest earthquakes in the world and are the sole source zones that can produce earthquakes greater than M8.5. Additionally, the increased duration of a CSZ earthquake may result in more structural damage than expected. Given such seismic hazard, the assessment of reinforced concrete substructures has become crucial in order to prioritize the bridges that may need to be retrofitted and to maintain the highway network operable after a major seismic event. Recent long duration subduction earthquakes occurred in Maule, Chile (Mw 8.8, 2010) and Tohoku, Japan (Mw 9.0, 2011) are a reminder of the importance of studying the effect of subduction ground motions on structural performance. For this purpose, the seismic performance of substandard circular reinforced concrete bridge columns was experimentally evaluated using shake table tests by comparing the column response from crustal and subduction ground motions. Three continuous reinforced columns and three lap-spliced columns were tested using records from 1989 Loma Prieta, 2010 Maule and 2011 Tohoku. The results of the large-scale experiments and numerical studies demonstrated that the increased duration of subduction ground motions affects the displacement capacity and can influence the failure mode of bridge columns. Furthermore, more damage was recorded under the subduction ground motions as compared to similar maximum deformations under the crustal ground motion. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the effects of subduction zone earthquakes in the performance assessment of substandard bridges, or when choosing ground motions for nonlinear time-history analysis, especially in regions prone to subduction zone mega earthquakes.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Seismic Response and Steel Jacket Retrofit of Squat Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by : Ravindra Verma
Download or read book Assessment of Seismic Response and Steel Jacket Retrofit of Squat Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns written by Ravindra Verma and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steel Jacket Retrofit for Enhancing Shear Strength of Short Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns by : Yan Xiao
Download or read book Steel Jacket Retrofit for Enhancing Shear Strength of Short Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Columns written by Yan Xiao and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Retrofit of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by :
Download or read book Seismic Retrofit of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inadequate flexural strength and ductility or shear strength of concrete bridge columns has resulted in collapse or severe damage of a number of California bridges in recent moderate earthquakes. In general, these bridges were designed prior to the new seismic design methods which were implemented in the mid-seventies. Bridges constructed in accordance with the new design methods have performed well in recent earthquakes. However, the large number of older bridges that are in service, particularly freeway overpasses designed and constructed in the 1950s and 1970s, are now recognized to have substandard design details and to constitute a cause for major concern. This paper reports the results of a theoretical and experimental program investigating retrofit techniques for circular columns by encasing the critical regions within a steel jacket. The jacket is bonded to the column using grout. Results from six large-scale column tests show that the casing acts efficiently as confinement reinforcement, enabling a displacement ductility factor of greater than 6 to be achieved. The casing also inhibits bond failures at the laps of longitudinal reinforcement in the critical regions of the column by restraining the dilation and spalling of the cover concrete which degenerates into bond failure. Comparisons of 'as-built' and retrofitted columns are presented, and experimental strengths and ductilities are compared with analytical predictions. For the covering abstract of the Conference see IRRD Abstract no. 807839.
Book Synopsis Steel Jacketing of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns for Enhanced Flexural Performance by : Yuk Hon Chai
Download or read book Steel Jacketing of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns for Enhanced Flexural Performance written by Yuk Hon Chai and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flexural Retrofit of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by Steel Jacketing -- Experimental Studies by : Yuk Hon Chai
Download or read book Flexural Retrofit of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by Steel Jacketing -- Experimental Studies written by Yuk Hon Chai and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comparative Analysis of Seismic Retrofit Techniques for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by : Jacques Sarrazin
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Seismic Retrofit Techniques for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns written by Jacques Sarrazin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Retrofit and Repair of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by Transverse Prestressing by : Majid Sadoughi Yarandi
Download or read book Seismic Retrofit and Repair of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns by Transverse Prestressing written by Majid Sadoughi Yarandi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Experimental Study and Analysis of Retrofitted Flexure and Shear Dominated Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Subjected to Shake Table Excitation by : Patrick N. Laplace
Download or read book Experimental Study and Analysis of Retrofitted Flexure and Shear Dominated Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Subjected to Shake Table Excitation written by Patrick N. Laplace and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Composite Confinement Systems for RC Column Repair and Construction Under Seismic Loads by : Mostafa Fakharifar
Download or read book Composite Confinement Systems for RC Column Repair and Construction Under Seismic Loads written by Mostafa Fakharifar and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study aims at developing, characterizing and validating an integrated composite confinement system of conventional jackets for: (1) repair and retrofit of existing bridge columns; and (2) construction of new bridge columns, subjected to earthquake excitations. A new composite steel confinement jacket was proposed by combining a thin steel sheet and prestressing strands as a hybrid jacket, incorporating active and passive confining pressure on damaged RC columns. Both experimental and analytical studies were conducted to understand the performance and effectiveness of the proposed repair method. The experimental study involved two 1/2-scale lap-spliced deficient RC bridge columns originally tested to failure under reversed cyclic loading. The proposed jacket was designed and implemented to repair the damaged columns to achieve the required performance level after repair intervention for service and ultimate limit states. Experimental results indicated that both repaired columns exceeded the strength and ductility of their as-built columns. The stiffness of the second column designed for ultimate limit state was completely restored. Analytical studies and collapse analyses on the seismic performance of post-mainshock repaired bridges subjected to mainshock-aftershock sequences demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed technique under severe mainshock-severe aftershock attacks. Another new composite confinement system of a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheet wrapped around a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tube with energy dissipation medium in between was developed for new bridge columns construction. This composite system is essentially a FRP-confined concrete-filled PVC tube, featuring exceptional durability properties of PVC materials in addition to high strength of the FRP fabrics. Experimental tests under uniaxial compression and flexural loading were undertaken to establish the representative stress-strain behavior of confined concrete filled PVC tubes (CCFPT). Experimental studies clearly demonstrated that the CCFPT system outperforms conventional FRP jacket. The intermediate energy dissipation medium is critical to make the post-peak behavior more ductile. Analytical studies were conducted and equations were derived for the prediction of the ultimate strength and strain of a CCFPT system"--Abstract, page iv.
Book Synopsis Seismic Behavior of Concrete Frames with Jacketed Columns by : Jose Alvarez
Download or read book Seismic Behavior of Concrete Frames with Jacketed Columns written by Jose Alvarez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on jacketed reinforced concrete (RC) columns is well established and growing. The existing studies describe the ability of jackets to rehabilitate RC columns for seismic demands. The system in the studies has proven to upgrade both strength and ductility of their unretrofitted counterparts, concentrated on repairs of deficiencies, currently in columns designed with old code provisions. These deficiencies include: low shear strength, insufficient core confinement, and short lap-splices, in particular within the plastic hinge zone. Columns with these deficiencies usually have brittle failures and cannot develop displacement ductility ( ) greater than 2. Research results on columns retrofitted with jackets have reached displacement ductility of 4 or greater levels with most jackets designs. The jacket materials used in this research are steel and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP). These two materials are widely used and accepted as retrofit for columns with deficient detailing. Steel tensile material properties, malleability and a high number of contractor who can work with this material make it a practical material to retrofit columns. FRP elastic unidirectional stress strain curve with both high moduli and low weight provides low constructability cost and high strength. These materials are externally applied in order to prevent the loss of concrete cover and allow the concrete to develop higher stresses and strains. Jacketed RC columns have a composite behavior which can be complicated to model in a finite element analysis (FEA) program accurately. Past studies have developed different numerical and physical models that attempt to capture the confining effects and shear strength of jacketed columns. To the best of our knowledge, no singular model has described all behavior of retrofitted columns with different jacket materials. The first goal of this study is to create a set of recommendations to model accurately jacketed RC columns with different detailing and jacketing materials. These recommendations provide easy access to jacketed columns strength and ductility to make design decisions. To quantify the strength and ductility, a force-deformation curve was developed. A force-deformation curve (backbone) is an accepted method to describe a column behavior. Therefore this study introduces models that describe all jacketed column behavior and create a set of rules to construct a curve of the expected behavior of jacketed columns. It was found that for jacketed columns, the potential for shear failure was eliminated and the expected failure mode is flexure. With this assumption, the lateral capacity was obtained accurately by calculating the flexural capacity of the RC column. Deformations, on the other hand, were estimated based on a statistical model using results from published papers. Jacketed columns have an improved behavior in both lateral strength and displacement ductility. These effects can change the behavior of a frame. Analyses of frames in as-built and retrofitted conditions were conducted in order to quantify the change in behavior of the frames caused by column jacketing. These frames were modeled using a lumped plasticity method. The properties of the frames were calibrated using laboratory test results of columns and published methods. This study shows the change in probability of collapse and in the collapse location for frames in as-built and jacketed condition. Overall the objective of the dissertation is to provide easy-to-implement guidelines to obtain the jacketed RC columns strength and ductility; and show the effects of the increased strength and ductility on frames behavior.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns with Confinement Effect by : Seigo Nasu
Download or read book Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns with Confinement Effect written by Seigo Nasu and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Retrofit of Rectangular Bridge Columns Using CFRP Wrapping by : Mesay Abebaw Endeshaw
Download or read book Seismic Retrofit of Rectangular Bridge Columns Using CFRP Wrapping written by Mesay Abebaw Endeshaw and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridge Column Damage Estimates for Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes by : Zachary M. Price
Download or read book Bridge Column Damage Estimates for Cascadia Subduction Zone Earthquakes written by Zachary M. Price and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Performance of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Under Bidirectional Earthquake Loading by : Mahmoud Mohamad Hachem
Download or read book Seismic Performance of Circular Reinforced Concrete Bridge Columns Under Bidirectional Earthquake Loading written by Mahmoud Mohamad Hachem and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
