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Experimental And Numerical Investigations Of Fluid Flow Through Catalytic Converters
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Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Fluid Flow Through Catalytic Converters by : Hesham Ibrahim
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Fluid Flow Through Catalytic Converters written by Hesham Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for better automotive technologies to improve fuel economy, while meeting stringent vehicle emission standards, grows with the demand for environmental protection and rising fuel prices. A new technology, designed and patented by Vida Fresh Air Inc., offers emission reduction while improving fuel economy. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations are performed to understand the flow through the catalytic converter, commercially known as CleanalyticTM, using a scaled-down test rig. Experiments are conducted using hot air flow to evaluate the thermalhydraulic characteristics of the new technology. The measurements are performed for Reynolds number of 43,000 and free stream temperature of 177 oC. These conditions were selected to achieve thermal and hydraulic similarity of actual test conditions for engines. The numerical investigations are performed using ANSYS Fluent and the model predicted the experimental measurements within ±6 %. The use of CleanalyticTM improved the performance of the catalytic converter.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Study of the Behavior of Three-way Catalytic Converters Under Different Engine Operation Conditions by : Yuetao Zhang
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Study of the Behavior of Three-way Catalytic Converters Under Different Engine Operation Conditions written by Yuetao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis reports the studies on how the three-way catalytic converters behave under different operation conditions. The main focus of the work is in the oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalyst. Rich-to-lean air/fuel ratio step-change experiments were carried out to quantify the oxygen storage capacity. Results show that the amount of oxygen stored is dependent on how much oxygen is present in the exhaust. Thus the oxygen storage capacity is not a fixed value, rather it is determined by the equilibrium between the storage sites and the feed stream. A numerical model was developed to characterize the oxygen storage capacity. The model matches well with the experiments. The effects of catalyst age and fuel sulfur content on oxygen storage were measured. The results show that the aging effects and fuel sulfur effects are decoupled. The storage capacity decreases by 10% for every 150ppm increase in fuel sulfur, and it scales with (age−0̇84). Different modes of air/fuel ratio modulations were tested on the catalysts, since such modulation is the practice to keep conversion efficiency high and to increase robustness of the catalyst during transients.
Book Synopsis Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 3 by : Krishna Mohan Singh
Download or read book Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 3 written by Krishna Mohan Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-16 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 9th International and 49th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP 2022). This book brings together scientific ideas and engineering solutions put forth by researchers and practitioners from academia and industry in the important and ubiquitous field of fluid mechanics. The contents of this book focus on fundamental issues and perspective in fluid mechanics, measurement techniques in fluid mechanics, computational fluid and gas dynamics, instability, transition and turbulence, fluid-structure interaction, multiphase flows, microfluidics, bio-inspired fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, turbomachinery, propulsion and power and other miscellaneous topics in the broad domain of fluid mechanics. This book is a useful reference to researchers and professionals working in the broad field of mechanics.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Investigations for an Advanced Modeling of Two-phase Flow and Mass Transfer on Column Trays by : Vineet Vishwakarma
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Investigations for an Advanced Modeling of Two-phase Flow and Mass Transfer on Column Trays written by Vineet Vishwakarma and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Investigation of Wall Heat Conduction Effects in Catalytic Combustion Systems by : Michael Grimm
Download or read book Numerical Investigation of Wall Heat Conduction Effects in Catalytic Combustion Systems written by Michael Grimm and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Catalytic converters are used in a variety of applications ranging from low-temperature combustion for gas turbine applications to the removal of pollutants from engine exhaust flow. Catalytic converters currently used in industry consist of a ceramic monolithic plug. This monolithic plug has a honeycomb-like structure, and is comprised of many small cylindrical channels (tubes), the inner surfaces of which are covered with a reactive catalyst. Determining the effect of the thermal conductivity of the monolith ceramic material on the ignition, flame stability, and steady state combustion will provide a scientific foundation with regard to the selection of materials for the construction of catalytic monoliths. This effect is investigated in this study through numerical simulations. Two commonly used materials are compared: cordierite, a ceramic with a low thermal conductivity, and silicon carbide, a ceramic with a high thermal conductivity. Another issue that is critical to the design of a catalytic converter is the length of the monolith plug. The optimum length of a monolith tube is one that completely converts the incoming flow while utilizing the entire length of the catalytic coating. In practice, the length is adjusted by stacking monolith plugs end-to-end, though it is unclear how different the end-to-end plugs are when compared to a single continuous tube of the same length. This study numerically investigates the effects of this practice, with the goal to determine if a tube of length 2L exhibits the same behavior as two identical tube sections placed end-to-end, each of length L. The commercial CFD software CFD-ACE+TM was utilized to investigate the afore-stated issues. The inlet flow rates of the methane-air mixture and the fuel equivalence ratio (or fuel-air ratio) were treated as parameters. Only lean and stoichiometric mixtures were considered because in practice catalytic combustion is not performed with rich mixtures. Catalytic combustion of a methane-air mixture on a platinum catalyst was used as the candidate system because the chemistry of this system is well documented. The models were set up and tested in an order of increasing complexity to ensure steady progress in the research. Beginning with simple flow and heat transfer, the model was extended to include a single step combustion reaction, and finally a detailed reaction mechanism consisting of 24 surface reactions between 19 species. Both steady-state and transient simulations were conducted. The results show that thermal conductivity of the ceramic monolith has a large effect on ignition, flame stability, and steady state combustion. The ceramic material with a high thermal conductivity value, namely silicon carbide, produces a stable flame over a much wider range of inlet flow rates than the ceramic material with a low thermal conductivity value, namely cordierite. Over their respective ranges of ignition, for both silicon carbide and cordierite, the maximum temperature of the monolith tube is more or less the same, indicating that there is no effect of thermal conductivity on the maximum temperature. Therefore, a case can be made for using silicon carbide instead of cordierite to create catalytic monoliths capable of handling a wider variety of inlet flow rates. The results also show that the ignition and blowout limits vary significantly between split and continuous tubes at high inlet flow speeds when the monolith tube walls are constructed from materials with high thermal conductivity; in this case, silicon carbide. For high inlet flow speeds there are significant differences between split and continuous tubes for the high thermal conductivity material. For monolith tubes constructed from materials with low thermal conductivity, such as the case of cordierite, there are no significant differences between split and continuous tubes over the entire flammability range. Additionally, for high thermal conductivity materials with low inlet flow speeds and low thermal conductivity materials for all inlet flow speeds over the range of ignition, the fuel conversion percentage does not significantly change and therefore, appears to be independent of inlet flow speed. These results imply that axial heat conduction, or lack thereof due to thermal contact resistance from an air-gap between the end-to-end monolith plugs, through the walls of the monolith results in thermal non-equilibrium between the solid and fluid phase, and subsequently affects ignition and flame stability in catalytic combustion.
Book Synopsis Flow Through Catalytic Converters by : Charles D. Lemme
Download or read book Flow Through Catalytic Converters written by Charles D. Lemme and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multi-scale Simulation of Automotive Catalytic Converters by : Cansu Ozhan
Download or read book Multi-scale Simulation of Automotive Catalytic Converters written by Cansu Ozhan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing use of passenger vehicles over the past decades has caused an increase in harmful exhaust gas emissions which give rise to environmental and health problems. This problematic has led governments to establish very stringent emission limits. The emission restrictions require more performing after-treatment systems. Among many other solutions, analysing and optimising the flow impact on the conversion efficiency is an important step towards the solution of the complex engineering problem. Detailed velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are very difficult to measure experimentally. Numerical simulations can provide additional information to understand the interaction of flow distribution and conversion efficiency. The simulation of these systems is computationally very expensive due to complex physical and chemical phenomena occurring simultaneously throughout the system. To overcome this cost, one can resort to some simplified physical and chemical models together with specific numerical techniques to simulate the system with a reduced computational time. In this dissertation, we develop a general approach to model and simulate the automotive catalytic converter system including all the physical and chemical processes. The present approach combines sub-grid models and numerical multi-resolution techniques in order to correctly capture the flow characteristics inside an automotive catalytic converter. While Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) techniques are optimized in order to minimise the computational effort in the divergent and convergent regions, a sub-grid model is developed to describe the flow inside the catalytic substrate placed between the convergent and divergent regions. The performance of the sub-grid model is validated against the experimental results obtained by Benjamin et al. (2002). The effective coupling of AMR techniques and the sub-grid model allows to capture the flow features with significantly reduced computational time. The impact of pulsating and expansion flow on the conversion efficiency within a single monolith channel is investigated numerically. AMR techniques are shown to capture the small boundary layers near the wall at the solid-fluid interface. Based on the numerical results, we propose a simplified transport model that captures the effects of flow, diffusion and catalytic wall reactions. The simplified transport model can be directly applied as a sub-grid model for the complete description of all the physical and chemical processes taking place inside the system. The developed physical, chemical and numerical modelling approaches make the three-dimensional simulations possible with a reasonable computational time still capturing the main physics of the problem.
Book Synopsis 1D and Multi-D Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation by : Angelo Onorati
Download or read book 1D and Multi-D Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation written by Angelo Onorati and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1D and Multi-D Modeling Techniques for IC Engine Simulation provides a description of the most significant and recent achievements in the field of 1D engine simulation models and coupled 1D-3D modeling techniques, including 0D combustion models, quasi-3D methods and some 3D model applications.
Book Synopsis Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers by :
Download or read book Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automotive Exhaust Systems with Close-Coupled Catalysts by : Tim Persoons
Download or read book Automotive Exhaust Systems with Close-Coupled Catalysts written by Tim Persoons and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly stringent vehicle emissions legislation has lead to the integration of catalytic converters into the automotive exhaust manifold. A uniform catalyst flow distribution is crucial to minimize pollutant emission and pressure loss, and avoid catalyst degradation. This work establishes objective design criteria for these systems. The methodology enables high-resolution velocity measurements in the manifold, using a charged engine flow rig and oscillating hot wire anemometer. Experiments reveal local flow reversal and strong resonance fluctuations. Numerical models predict the flow dynamics beyond the scope of the experiments, and help to understand the gas dynamic resonances. The book explains how steady-state flow simulations can accurately predict transient flow in a fired engine. Design criteria are formulated for catalyst manifolds, predicting the collector efficiency in terms of flow uniformity from an early conceptual stage. The literature review, methodology and findings of this book are relevant for academic and industrial engineers interested specifically in automotive catalyst research and design, or experimental fluid dynamics in general.
Book Synopsis A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Flow Performance of Automotive Catalytic Converters by : N. Haimad
Download or read book A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Flow Performance of Automotive Catalytic Converters written by N. Haimad and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Global Reaction Mechanism for Transient Simulations of Three-Way Catalytic Converters by : Raoul Holder
Download or read book A Global Reaction Mechanism for Transient Simulations of Three-Way Catalytic Converters written by Raoul Holder and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex interactions between chemical kinetics and transport phenomena of mass, momentum and energy lead to incomplete fuel combustion, which is the origin of pollutant formation of internal combustion engines. Vehicle exhaust gas emission control devices have continuously been improved to meet the constantly tightened standards. Three-way catalyst technology is extensively used for the purification of automotive exhaust gases, usually in combination with monolithic (honeycomb) reactors. A promising alternative to the time consuming and costly engine and vehicle experiments are catalytic reactor model. In this work a global reaction mechanism for three-way catalysts is developed including 16 reactions and 12 gas phase species. The reaction mechanism is combined with an empirical oxygen storage model and validated against a number of different real engine experiments carried out on both fresh (not aged) and aged catalysts. Once the mechanism is validated against the fresh system, the adaption to the aged system is achieved solely by the reduction of the available reactive surface area of the washcoat, without tuning the individual reaction parameters. Finally the parameter set of the aged system is used to simulate a FTP75 drive cycle and the results are compared to experimental data of the same catalyst without further tuning. First a transient one-dimensional catalyst model is derived in chapter 2. First a short introduction to the structure of monolithic reactors is given, followed by the introduction of the governing equations for catalytically reacting flows. Chapter 3 focuses on the relevant transport processes inside the monolithic reactor channel and the adequacy of the transport models applied here. Local distributions of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers inside a monolith channel are resolved using a two-dimensional model. The cases of non-reacting and reacting conditions at the channel wall are discussed and subsequently compared to according a priori correlations. The subject of chapter 4 is the development and validation of the reaction mechanism. An advanced multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to calibrate the kinetic parameters of the presented reaction mechanism (comprising 16 reactions) to match the conversion behavior of a fresh catalyst. The simulation results are compared with experimental data at different operating conditions. In a second step the kinetic model is then used to simulate the conversion behavior of an aged catalyst. The adaption of the kinetic model is achieved only by the reduction of the available surface area. Again the computed conversion characteristics are compared to measured data. Finally an empirical oxygen storage model is included. In chapter 5 the catalyst model for the aged system is used to predict the tailpipe emissions during real drive cycle conditions. Finally a catalyst design parameter study is presented as a typical application of the model within the development process of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems.
Author :American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fluids Engineering Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :756 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering [Division] Summer Conference--2007: (parts A and B) Forums by : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fluids Engineering Division
Download or read book Proceedings of the 5th Joint ASME/JSME Fluids Engineering [Division] Summer Conference--2007: (parts A and B) Forums written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Fluids Engineering Division and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Reactors by : Basudeb Saha
Download or read book Catalytic Reactors written by Basudeb Saha and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic Reactors presents several key aspects of reactor design in Chemical and Process Engineering. Starting with the fundamental science across a broad interdisciplinary field, this graduate level textbook offers a concise overview on reactor and process design for students, scientists and practitioners new to the field. This book aims to collate into a comprehensive and well-informed work of leading researchers from north America, western Europe and south-east Asia. The editor and international experts discuss state-of-the-art applications of multifunctional reactors, biocatalytic membrane reactors, micro-flow reactors, industrial catalytic reactors, micro trickle bed reactors and multiphase catalytic reactors. The use of catalytic reactor technology is essential for the economic viability of the chemical manufacturing industry. The importance of Chemical and Process Engineering and efficient design of reactors are another focus of the book. Especially the combination of advantages from both catalysis and chemical reaction technology for optimization and intensification as essential factors in the future development of reactors and processes are discussed. Furthermore, options that can drastically influence reaction processes, e.g. choice of catalysts, alternative reaction pathways, mass and heat transfer effects, flow regimes and inherent design of catalytic reactors are reviewed in detail. Focuses on the state-of-the-art applications of catalytic reactors and optimization in the design and operation of industrial catalytic reactors Insights into transfer of knowledge from laboratory science to industry For students and researchers in Chemical and Mechanical Engineering, Chemistry, Industrial Catalysis and practising Engineers
Book Synopsis Structured Catalysts and Reactors by : Andrzej Cybulski
Download or read book Structured Catalysts and Reactors written by Andrzej Cybulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-02 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in structured catalysts is steadily increasing due to the already proven, as well as potential, advantages of these catalysts. Updating the comprehensive coverage of the first edition published in 1998 with the latest science and applications, Structured Catalysts and Reactors, Second Edition gives detailed information on all aspect
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