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Experimental Analysis Of Non Equilibrium Plasma Assisted Combustion For Removal Of Vocs
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Book Synopsis Experimental Analysis of Non-equilibrium Plasma Assisted Combustion for Removal of VOCs by : Mireia Martínez Ribas
Download or read book Experimental Analysis of Non-equilibrium Plasma Assisted Combustion for Removal of VOCs written by Mireia Martínez Ribas and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few years the fight against air pollution has risen to a worldwide problem and has become one of the main challenges facing governments and worldwide institutions. It is a fact that conventional technologies are not efficient enough to face this problem so the necessity to develop new solutions and focus on different approaches is imperative and unavoidable. In particular, the goal is to avoid the continuously destruction of the atmosphere by treating the air and removing its pollutants, otherwise reducing its concentration to permitted levels for the human health. The present thesis focuses on carrying out an experimental study of VOCs removal using a non-thermal plasma technology. With a proper experimental setup, toluene was selected as the pollutant molecule to simulate the VOCs and during the experiments a homemade dielectric barrier discharge reactor was used. While plasma was assisting thermal oxidation reactions, the toluene removal efficiency was investigatedin terms of initial concentration of the pollutant, voltage of the discharges and gas ratio. Moreover, in further experiments the gas flow mixture was ignited in order to study the combined effect of plasma and combustion on toluene removal efficiency. Finally, the formation of ozone due to the plasma performance was studied in the flue gas.
Book Synopsis Flow Reactor Studies of Non-equilibrium Plasma Assisted Combustion Kinetics by : Nicholas Tsolas
Download or read book Flow Reactor Studies of Non-equilibrium Plasma Assisted Combustion Kinetics written by Nicholas Tsolas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new experimental facility was developed to study the reactive chemical kinetics associated with plasma-assisted combustion (PAC). Experiments were performed in a nearly isothermal plasma flow reactor (PFR), using reactant mixtures highly diluted in an inert gas (e.g., Ar, He, or N2) to minimize temperature changes from chemical reactions. At the end of the isothermal reaction zone, the gas temperature was rapidly lowered to terminate any continuation in reaction. Product composition as a result of any observed reaction was then determined using ex situ techniques, including non-dispersive infrared (NDIR), and by sample extraction and storage into a multi-position valve for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography (GC). Hydroxyl radical concentrations were measured in situ, using the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. Reactivity maps for a given fuel system were achieved by fixing the flow rate or residence time of the reactant mixture through the PFR and varying the isothermal temperature. Fuels studied were hydrogen, ethylene and C1 to C7 alkane hydrocarbons, to examine pyrolysis and oxidation kinetics with and without the effects of a high-voltage nanosecond pulse duration plasma discharge, at atmospheric pressure from 420 K to 1250 K. In select instances, experimental studies were complimented with detailed chemical kinetic modeling analysis to determine the dominant and rate-controlling mechanisms, while elucidating the influence of the plasma chemistry on the thermal (neutral) chemistry.In the hydrogen oxidation system, no thermal reaction was observed until 860 K, consistent with the second explosion limit at atmospheric pressure, at which point all the hydrogen was rapidly consumed within the residence time of the reactor. With the plasma discharge, oxidation occurred at all temperatures examined, exhibiting a steady increase in the rate of oxidation starting from 470 K, and eventually consuming all the initial hydrogen by 840 K. For ethylene, kinetic results with the discharge indicated that pyrolysis type reactions were nearly as important as oxidative reactions in consuming ethylene below 750 K. Above 750 K, the thermal reactions coupled to the plasma reactions to further enhance the high temperature fuel consuming chemistry. Modeling analysis of plasma-assisted pyrolysis revealed that ethylene dissociation by collisional quenching with electronically-excited argon atoms formed in the presence of the plasma, resulted in the direct formation of acetylene and larger hydrocarbons by way of the ethyl radical. Similarly, during plasma-assisted oxidation, excited argon was able to directly dissociate the initial oxidizer to further enhance fuel consumption, but also facilitate low temperature oxidative chemistry due to the effective production of oxygenated species controlled by R+O2 chemistry. At the highest temperatures, the radical production by neutral thermal reactions became competitive and the effectiveness associated with the plasma coupled chemistry decreased. Under the effects of the plasma, alkane fuels exhibited extended limits of oxidation over the entire temperature range considered, compared to that of the thermal reactions alone. At atmospheric pressure, propane and butane exhibited cool flame chemistry between 420 K to 700 K, which normally occurs at higher pressures (P > 1 atm) for thermally constrained systems. This chemistry is characterized by the alkylperoxy radical formation, isomerization to the hydroperoxyalkyl radical, followed by dissociation to form aldehydes and ketones. Whereas, intermediate temperature chemistry between 700 K to 950 K, is characterized by beta-scission of the initial alkyl radical to form alkenes and smaller alkanes. The culmination of these studies demonstrate new insight into the kinetics governing PAC and provides a new experimental database to facilitate the development and validation of PAC-specific kinetic mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Non-equilibrium Kinetic Studies of Repetitively Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge Plasma Assisted Combustion by : Mruthunjaya Uddi
Download or read book Non-equilibrium Kinetic Studies of Repetitively Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge Plasma Assisted Combustion written by Mruthunjaya Uddi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The dissertation presents non-equilibrium chemical kinetic studies of large volume lean gaseous hydrocarbon/ air mixture combustion at temperatures (~300K) much below self ignition temperatures and low pressures (40-80torr), in ~25 nanosecond duration repetitive high voltage (~18kV) electric discharges running at 10 Hz. Xenon calibrated Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) is used to measure absolute atomic oxygen concentrations in air, methane-air, and ethylene-air non-equilibrium plasmas, as a function of time after initiation of a single 25 nsec discharge pulse at 10Hz. Oxygen atom densities are also measured after a burst of nanosecond discharges at a variety of delay times, the burst being run at 10Hz. Each burst contains sequences of 2 to 100 nanosecond discharge pulses at 100 kHz. Burst mode measurements show very significant (up to ~0.2%) build-up of atomic oxygen density in air, and some build-up (by a factor of approximately three) in methane-air at [phi]=0.5. Burst measurements in ethylene-air at [phi]=0.5 show essentially no build-up, due to rapid O atom reactions with ethylene in the time interval between the pulses. Nitric oxide density is also measured using single photon Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), in a manner similar to oxygen atoms, and compared with kinetic modeling. Fluorescence from a NO (4.18ppm) +N2 calibration gas is used to calibrate the NO densities. Peak density in air is found to be ~ 3.5ppm at ~ 225us, increasing from almost initial levels of ~ 0 ppm directly after the pulse. Kinetic modeling using only the Zeldovich mechanism predicts a slow increase in NO formation, in ~ 2 ms, which points towards the active participation of excited N2 and O2 molecules and N atoms in forming NO molecules. Ignition delay at a variety of fuel/ air conditions is studied using OH emission measurements at ~ 308nm as ignition foot prints. The ignition delay is found to be in the range of 6-20ms for ethylene/ air mixtures. No ignition was observed in the case of methane/ air mixtures. All these measurements agree well with kinetic modeling developed involving plasma reactions and electron energy distribution function calculations.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasma Chemistry for Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) of Diamond Thin Films by : Scott Keith Baldwin
Download or read book Experimental Investigation of Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasma Chemistry for Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) of Diamond Thin Films written by Scott Keith Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Internal and External Plasma Assisted Combustion in Supersonic Gas Flow by :
Download or read book Study of Internal and External Plasma Assisted Combustion in Supersonic Gas Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Project is devoted to basic study on the field of external and internal plasma assisted combustion. This effort consists of three Tasks: Task #1 is titled "Internal plasma assisted combustion controlled by improved plasma generators in metal channel at conditions similar to Scramjet"; Task #2 is tilted "External plasma combustion experiment in a supersonic flow (Mtilde2, Pst=1 Bar)". This is a study of flow around model F with plasma combustion generator in wind tunnel; Task #3 is tilted "Study of supersonic flow around model E with combined plasma generator (PG Comb= PG HF +E beam)". Here. the main plasma parameters could be changed independently in PG- Comb. Electron concentration will be controlled by E-beam. Electron temperature could be controlled by external HF electric field. The main goals of this work is a study of following: Optimal radical generation in fuel/air mixture and combustion control by non equilibrium plasmoids, Advanced mixture of fuel in gas flow by structural plasmoids.
Book Synopsis Pulsed Corona Plasma Technology for Treating VOC Emissions from Pulp Mills by : Alexander A. Fridman
Download or read book Pulsed Corona Plasma Technology for Treating VOC Emissions from Pulp Mills written by Alexander A. Fridman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the DOE Office of Industrial Technologies Forest Products program various plasma technologies were evaluated under project FWP 49885 ''Experimental Assessment of Low-Temperature Plasma Technologies for Treating Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Pulp Mills and Wood Products Plants''. The heterogeneous pulsed corona discharge was chosen as the best non-equilibrium plasma technology for control of the vent emissions from HVLC Brownstock Washers. The technology for removal of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from gas emissions with conditions typical of the exhausts of the paper industry by means of pulsed corona plasma techniques presented in this work. For the compounds of interest in this study (methanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfide and? -pinene), high removal efficiencies were obtained with power levels competitive with the present technologies for the VOCs removal. Laboratory experiments were made using installation with the average power up to 20 W. Pilot plant prepared for on-site test has average plasma power up to 6.4 kW. The model of the Pilot Plant operation is presented.
Book Synopsis Enhancement of Combustion and Flame Stabilization Using Transient Non-Equilibrium Plasma by :
Download or read book Enhancement of Combustion and Flame Stabilization Using Transient Non-Equilibrium Plasma written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of non-equilibrium plasma on both partially premixed and non-premixed flames was investigated through the development of a newly integrated magnetic gliding arc (MGA) system. The lifted jet diffusion flame experiments showed a significant enhancement of the flame stabilization with plasma discharge in the air co-flow. The counterflow experiments also demonstrated that the extinction limits were extended dramatically. Laser diagnostics of flame temperature and OH distribution using planar Rayleigh scattering and planar laser-induced fluorescence revealed that the plasma-flame interaction at low air temperature was dominated by thermal effects due to rapid radical quenching. Counterflow ignition experiments for CH4-air and H2-air non-premixed flames demonstrated clearly that the MGA significantly decreased the ignition temperatures via kinetic enhancement by the NOx, catalytic effect. Numerical modeling showed that there were two ignition regimes for plasma enhanced ignition, kinetic at low strain rates and thermal at high strain rates. Comparison between experiment and simulation were in good agreement and also suggested the possibility of enhancement by ions, excited species or other mechanisms. Theoretical analysis of minimum ignition energy in a quiescent mixture showed that the production of small hydrocarbon fuel fragments by plasma discharge also led to a significant decrease of ignition energy due to radiation and transport coupling.
Book Synopsis Plasma Catalysis by : Annemie Bogaerts
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Book Synopsis Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control by : Bernie M. Penetrante
Download or read book Non-Thermal Plasma Techniques for Pollution Control written by Bernie M. Penetrante and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid rain, global warming, ozone depletion, and smog are preeminent environmental problems facing the world today. Non-thermal plasma techniques offer an innovative approach to the solution of some of these problems. There are many types of non-thermal plasma devices that have been developed for environmental applications. The potential of these devices for the destruction of pollutants or toxic molecules has already been demonstrated in many contexts, such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in flue gases, heavy metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial effluents, and chemical agents such as nerve gases. This book contains a comprehensive account of the latest developments in non-thermal plasma devices and their applications to the disposal of a wide variety of gaseous pollutants.
Book Synopsis Plasma Chemistry and Gas Conversion by : Nikolay Britun
Download or read book Plasma Chemistry and Gas Conversion written by Nikolay Britun and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature non-equilibrium gaseous discharges represent nearly ideal media for boosting plasma-based chemical reactions. In these discharges the energy of plasma electrons, after being received from the electromagnetic field, is transferred to the other degrees of freedom differently, ideally with only a small part going to the translational motion of heavy gas particles. This unique property enables the important application of non-equilibrium plasmas for greenhouse gas conversion. While the degree of discharge non-equilibrium often defines the energetic efficiency of conversion, other factors are also of a great importance, such as type of discharge, presence of plasma catalysis, etc. This book is focused on the recent achievements in optimization and understanding of non-equilibrium plasma for gas conversion via plasma modeling and experimental work.
Book Synopsis Plasma Chemistry and Catalysis in Gases and Liquids by : Vasile I. Parvulescu
Download or read book Plasma Chemistry and Catalysis in Gases and Liquids written by Vasile I. Parvulescu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling the gap for a book that covers not only plasma in gases but also in liquids, this is all set to become the standard reference for this topic. It provides a broad-based overview of plasma-chemical and plasmacatalytic processes generated by electrical discharges in gases, liquids and gas/liquid environments in both fundamental and applied aspects by focusing on their environmental and green applications and also taking into account their practical and economic viability. With the topics addressed by an international group of major experts, this is a must-have for scientists, engineers, students and postdoctoral researchers specializing in this field.
Book Synopsis Plasma Processes and Polymers by : Riccardo d'Agostino
Download or read book Plasma Processes and Polymers written by Riccardo d'Agostino and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume compiles essential contributions to the most innovative fields of Plasma Processes and Polymers. High-quality contributions cover the fields of plasma deposition, plasma treatment of polymers and other organic compounds, plasma processes under partial vacuum and at atmospheric pressure, biomedical, textile, automotive, and optical applications as well as surface treatment of bulk materials, clusters, particles and powders. This unique collection of refereed papers is based on the best contributions presented at the 16th International Symposium on Plasma Chemistry in Taormina, Italy (ISPC-16, June 2003). A high class reference of relevance to a large audience in plasma community as well as in the area of its industrial applications.
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.
Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature. Chapters highlight application of 2D materials in biomass conversion catalysis, plasmonic photocatalysis, catalytic demonstration of mesoporosity in the hierarchical zeolite and the effect of surface phase oxides on supported metals and catalysis. Looking to the future a chapter on ab initio machine learning for accelerating catalytic materials discovery is included. Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, these illustrative chapters bridge the gap from academic studies in the laboratory to practical applications in industry not only for catalysis field but also for environmental protection. Other chapters with an industrial perspective include heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic routes for vinyl acetate synthesis, catalysis for production of jet fuel from renewable sources by HDO/HDC and microwave-assisted catalysis for fuel conversion. Chemical reactions in ball mills is also explored. The book will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.
Book Synopsis Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture by : NN Misra
Download or read book Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture written by NN Misra and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold Plasma in Food and Agriculture: Fundamentals and Applications is an essential reference offering a broad perspective on a new, exciting, and growing field for the food industry. Written for researchers, industry personnel, and students interested in nonthermal food technology, this reference will lay the groundwork of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology, and their biological applications. Food scientists and food engineers interested in understanding the theory and application of nonthermal plasma for food will find this book valuable because it provides a roadmap for future developments in this emerging field. This reference is also useful for biologists, chemists, and physicists who wish to understand the fundamentals of plasma physics, chemistry, and technology and their biological interactions through applying novel plasma sources to food and other sensitive biomaterials. Examines the topic of cold plasma technology for food applications Demonstrates state-of-the-art developments in plasma technology and potential solutions to improve food safety and quality Presents a solid introduction for readers on the topics of plasma physics and chemistry that are required to understand biological applications for foods Serves as a roadmap for future developments for food scientists, food engineers, and biologists, chemists, and physicists working in this emerging field
Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Simon Parsons
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
