Evolution And The Capacity For Commitment

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Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment

Author : Randolph Nesse
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610444256
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment by : Randolph Nesse

Download or read book Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment written by Randolph Nesse and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-11-29 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commitment is at the core of social life. The social fabric is woven from promises and threats that are not always immediately advantageous to the parties involved. Many commitments, such as signing a contract, are fairly straightforward deals, in which both parties agree to give up certain options. Other commitments, such as the promise of life-long love or a threat of murder, are based on more intangible factors such as human emotions. In Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment, distinguished researchers from the fields of economics, psychology, ethology, anthropology, philosophy, medicine, and law offer a rich variety of perspectives on the nature of commitment and question whether the capacity for making, assessing, and keeping commitments has been shaped by natural selection. Game theorists have shown that players who use commitment strategies—by learning to convey subjective offers and to gauge commitments others are willing to make—achieve greater success than those who rationally calculate every move for immediate reward. Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment includes contributions from some of the pioneering students of commitment. Their elegant analyses highlight the critical role of reputation-building, and show the importance of investigating how people can believe that others would carry out promises or threats that go against their own self-interest. Other contributors provide real-world examples of commitment across cultures and suggest the evolutionary origins of the capacity for commitment. Perhaps nowhere is the importance of commitment and reputation more evident than in the institutions of law, medicine, and religion. Essays by professionals in each field explore why many practitioners remain largely ethical in spite of manifest opportunities for client exploitation. Finally, Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment turns to leading animal behavior experts to explore whether non-humans also use commitment strategies, most notably through the transmission of threats or signs of non-aggression. Such examples illustrate how such tendencies in humans may have evolved. Viewed as an adaptive evolutionary strategy, commitment offers enormous potential for explaining complex and irrational emotional behaviors within a biological framework. Evolution and the Capacity for Commitment presents compelling evidence for this view, and offers a potential bridge across the current rift between biology and the social sciences. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust

The Moral Brain

Author : Jan Verplaetse
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402062877
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Moral Brain by : Jan Verplaetse

Download or read book The Moral Brain written by Jan Verplaetse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-21 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists no longer accept the existence of a distinct moral organ as phrenologists once did. A generation of young neurologists is using advanced technological medical equipment to unravel specific brain processes enabling moral cognition. In addition, evolutionary psychologists have formulated hypotheses about the origins and nature of our moral architecture. Little by little, the concept of a ‘moral brain’ is reinstated. As the crossover between disciplines focusing on moral cognition was rather limited up to now, this book aims at filling the gap. Which evolutionary biological hypotheses provide a useful framework for starting new neurological research? How can brain imaging be used to corroborate hypotheses concerning the evolutionary background of our species? In this reader, a broad range of prominent scientists and philosophers shed their expert view on the current accomplishments and future challenges in the field of moral cognition and assess how cooperation between neurology and evolutionary psychology can boost research into the field of the moral brain.

Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions

Author : Charles Crawford
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135629188
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions by : Charles Crawford

Download or read book Evolutionary Psychology, Public Policy and Personal Decisions written by Charles Crawford and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004-05-20 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume's aim is to start the process of using theory and findings of evolutionary psychology to help make the world a better place to live. Taking evolutionary psychology explicitly into applied areas, it includes a reasonable scope of applications from pornography to psychopaths and from morality to sex differences in the workplace.

The Routledge Handbook of Evolutionary Approaches to Religion

Author : Yair Lior
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000638413
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Evolutionary Approaches to Religion by : Yair Lior

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Evolutionary Approaches to Religion written by Yair Lior and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past two decades have seen a growing interest in evolutionary and scientific approaches to religion. The Routledge Handbook of Evolutionary Approaches to Religion is an outstanding reference source to the key topics, problems and debates in this exciting and emerging field. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors the handbook pulls together scholarship in the following areas: evolutionary psychology and the cognitive science of religion (CSR) cultural evolution the complementarity of evolutionary psychology, cognitive science and cultural evolution Within these sections central issues, debates and problems are examined, including: Cliodynamics, cultural group selection, costly signaling, dual inheritance theory, literacy, transmitting narratives, prosociality, supernatural punishment, cognition and ritual, meme theory, fusion theory, sexual selection, agency detection, evoked culture, social brain hypothesis, theory of mind, developmental psychology, emergence theory, social learning, cultural cybernetics, cultural epidemiology, evolutionary and cultural psychology, memetics, by-product and adaptationist theories of religion, systems and information theory, and computer modeling. This Handbook is essential reading for students and researchers in religious studies and anthropology. It will also be very useful to those in related fields, such as psychology, sociology of religion, cognitive biology, and evolutionary biology.

Back to Human Nature

Author : Charles B. Osburn
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 1476681589
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Back to Human Nature by : Charles B. Osburn

Download or read book Back to Human Nature written by Charles B. Osburn and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emotions, feelings and morality play a critical role in our daily decision-making. With the rapid advance of industry and technology, however, this subjective information is becoming less valued in critical decisions. Rational thought and the accumulation of objective knowledge are often credited with humanity's thriving success in recent centuries. This book makes the case that humanity's social progress has only been possible through these too often repressed subjective factors, and will be equally crucial in altering the present course of society.

The Oxford Handbook of Secularism

Author : Phil Zuckerman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199988455
Total Pages : 793 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Secularism by : Phil Zuckerman

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Secularism written by Phil Zuckerman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recent headlines reveal, conflicts and debates around the world increasingly involve secularism. National borders and traditional religions cannot keep people in tidy boxes as political struggles, doctrinal divergences, and demographic trends are sweeping across regions and entire continents. And secularity is increasing in society, with a growing number of people in many regions having no religious affiliation or lacking interest in religion. Simultaneously, there is a resurgence of religious participation in the politics of many countries. How might these diverse phenomena be better understood? Long-reigning theories about the pace of secularization and ideal church-state relations are under invigorated scrutiny by scholars studying secularism with new questions, better data, and fresh perspectives. The Oxford Handbook of Secularism offers a wide-ranging and in-depth examination of this global conversation, bringing together the views of an international collection of prominent experts in their respective fields. This is the essential volume for comprehending the core issues and methodological approaches to the demographics and sociology of secularity; the history and variety of political secularisms; the comparison of constitutional secularisms across many countries from America to Asia; the key problems now convulsing church-state relations; the intersections of liberalism, multiculturalism, and religion; the latest psychological research into secular lives and lifestyles; and the naturalistic and humanistic worldviews available to nonreligious people.

Moving Beyond Self-Interest

Author : Stephanie L. Brown
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195388100
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving Beyond Self-Interest by : Stephanie L. Brown

Download or read book Moving Beyond Self-Interest written by Stephanie L. Brown and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving Beyond Self-Interest is an interdisciplinary volume that discusses cutting-edge developments in the science of caring for and helping others. In Part I, contributors raise foundational issues related to human caregiving. They present new theories and data to show how natural selection might have shaped a genuinely altruistic drive to benefit others, how this drive intersects with the attachment and caregiving systems, and how it emerges from a broader social engagement system made possible by symbiotic regulation of autonomic physiological states. In Part II, contributors propose a new neurophysiological model of the human caregiving system and present arguments and evidence to show how mammalian neural circuitry that supports parenting might be recruited to direct human cooperation and competition, human empathy, and parental and romantic love. Part III is devoted to the psychology of human caregiving. Some contributors in this section show how an evolutionary perspective helps us better understand parental investment in and empathic concern for children at risk for, or suffering from, various health, behavioral, and cognitive problems. Other contributors identify circumstances that differentially predict caregiver benefits and costs, and raise the question of whether extreme levels of compassion are actually pathological. The section concludes with a discussion of semantic and conceptual obstacles to the scientific investigation of caregiving. Part IV focuses on possible interfaces between new models of caregiving motivation and economics, political science, and social policy development. In this section, contributors show how the new theory and research discussed in this volume can inform our understanding of economic utility, policies for delivering social services (such as health care and education), and hypotheses concerning the origins and development of human society, including some of its more problematic features of nationalism, conflict, and war. The chapters in this volume help readers appreciate the human capacity for engaging in altruistic acts, on both a small and large scale.

Science and the World's Religions

Author : Patrick McNamara Ph.D.
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313387338
Total Pages : 1048 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and the World's Religions by : Patrick McNamara Ph.D.

Download or read book Science and the World's Religions written by Patrick McNamara Ph.D. and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This trio of volumes contains essays that explore vital existential, moral, or metaphysical issues surrounding the relationship between the sciences and the world's religions. In Science and the World's Religions, experts with scientific and religious backgrounds explore vital existential or practical issues, drawing on whatever sciences are relevant and engaging at least two religious traditions. The multidisciplinary essays exhibit rigorous intellectual, scholarly thinking but are written to clearly communicate to educated adult lay readers. The first volume addresses questions about the origins and purpose of the cosmos and the human project. The second volume investigates the roles of religion and spirituality in human existence, considering issues ranging from the brain and religious experience to the human life cycle. The third volume tackles controversies in which both religion and science are stakeholders, showing how both can deepen understanding and enrich human experience. Together, these three books present readers with powerful tools that enable them to think through the challenge of integrating science with their religious beliefs and spiritual practices.

Market Evolution

Author : Arjen van Witteloostuijn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401584281
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Market Evolution by : Arjen van Witteloostuijn

Download or read book Market Evolution written by Arjen van Witteloostuijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Market Evolution: Competition and Cooperation is a selection of papers presented at the recent meeting of the European Association of Research in Industrial Economics (EARIE). The volume brings together twenty high-quality papers reflecting frontier research in modern industrial organization. The contributions cover a broad spectrum of increasing theoretical, empirical and policy issues, including analyses of the nature of the firm, product differentiation, research and development, strategic alliances, information sharing in the banking sector, exchange rate pass-through in international competition, labor unionization and product rivalry, buyer-supplier bargaining, multimarket competition and related entry, entry and exit processes, multinational enterprises in the Third World, European integration and the restructuring of Eastern Europe. From a theoretical perspective, many chapters apply game theory to the analysis of firm behaviors and market competition. Moreover, a large number of the studies contain a significant empirical part, mainly by employing econometric techniques, to test the hypotheses derived from modern industrial organization theories. Data from Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the European Union are presented and analyzed.

Multisector Insights in Healthcare, Social Sciences, Society, and Technology

Author : Burrell, Darrell Norman
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis Multisector Insights in Healthcare, Social Sciences, Society, and Technology by : Burrell, Darrell Norman

Download or read book Multisector Insights in Healthcare, Social Sciences, Society, and Technology written by Burrell, Darrell Norman and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-02-27 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a variety of global challenges in recent times, the dissolution of traditional boundaries between academic disciplines has given rise to a pressing need for innovative problem-solving. Complex issues affect our societies, spanning healthcare, social sciences, organizational behavior, and technology. This shifting landscape necessitates a comprehensive exploration into the interconnections between these diverse fields. The book, Multisector Insights in Healthcare, Social Sciences, Society, and Technology, is an innovative guide that seeks to examine the relationships between various fields of knowledge. It celebrates the transformative impact of applied research and interdisciplinary collaboration as the driving force behind overcoming the most significant challenges of our time. As the boundaries between disciplines blur, the book takes readers on a journey through multifaceted issues at the intersection of healthcare, social sciences, organizational behavior, and technology. Chapters within this book unravel the complexities of healthcare ethics, global health initiatives, organizational dynamics, and technological advancements. Through literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative studies, and real-world case analyses, the compendium not only identifies the problems but also offers concrete, evidence-backed solutions. This interdisciplinary approach underscores the need to address the pressing challenges of our time, emphasizing the need for collaborative strategies to drive positive change.

Intention Recognition, Commitment and Their Roles in the Evolution of Cooperation

Author : The Anh Han
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364237512X
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Intention Recognition, Commitment and Their Roles in the Evolution of Cooperation by : The Anh Han

Download or read book Intention Recognition, Commitment and Their Roles in the Evolution of Cooperation written by The Anh Han and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This original and timely monograph describes a unique self-contained excursion that reveals to the readers the roles of two basic cognitive abilities, i.e. intention recognition and arranging commitments, in the evolution of cooperative behavior. This book analyses intention recognition, an important ability that helps agents predict others’ behavior, in its artificial intelligence and evolutionary computational modeling aspects, and proposes a novel intention recognition method. Furthermore, the book presents a new framework for intention-based decision making and illustrates several ways in which an ability to recognize intentions of others can enhance a decision making process. By employing the new intention recognition method and the tools of evolutionary game theory, this book introduces computational models demonstrating that intention recognition promotes the emergence of cooperation within populations of self-regarding agents. Finally, the book describes how commitment provides a pathway to the evolution of cooperative behavior, and how it further empowers intention recognition, thereby leading to a combined improved strategy.

Commitment and Evolution

Author : István Henrik Back
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789036731133
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Commitment and Evolution by : István Henrik Back

Download or read book Commitment and Evolution written by István Henrik Back and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Compassion

Author : Paul Gilbert
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1317189485
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Compassion by : Paul Gilbert

Download or read book Compassion written by Paul Gilbert and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paul Gilbert brings together an international line-up of leading scholars and researchers in the field to provide a state-of-the-art exploration of key areas in compassion research and applications. Compassion can be seen as a core element of prosocial behaviour, and explorations of the concepts and value of compassion have been extended into different aspects of life including physical and psychological therapies, schools, leadership and business. While many animals share abilities to be distress sensitive and caring of others, it is our newly evolved socially intelligent abilities that make us capable of knowingly and deliberately helping others and purposely developing skills and wisdom to do so. This book generates many research questions whilst exploring the similarity and differences of human compassion to non-human caring and looks at how compassion changes the brain and body, affects genetic expression, manifests at a young age and is then cultivated (or not) by the social environment. Compassion: Concepts, Research and Applications will be essential reading for professionals, researchers and scholars interested in compassion and its applications in psychology and psychotherapy.

Mental Culture

Author : Dimitris Xygalatas
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317546091
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Mental Culture by : Dimitris Xygalatas

Download or read book Mental Culture written by Dimitris Xygalatas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is the set of human beliefs and behaviours that we call "religion" such a widespread feature of all known human societies, past and present, and why are there so many forms of religiosity found throughout history and culture? "Mental Culture" brings together an international range of scholars - from Anthropology, History, Psychology, Philosophy, and Religious Studies - to answer these questions. Connecting classical theories and approaches with the newly established field of the Cognitive Science of Religion, the aim of "Mental Culture" is to provide scholars and students of religion with an overview of contemporary scientific approaches to religion while tracing their intellectual development to some of the great thinkers of the past.

Law, Mind and Brain

Author : Michael D. A. Freeman
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 9780754670131
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Law, Mind and Brain by : Michael D. A. Freeman

Download or read book Law, Mind and Brain written by Michael D. A. Freeman and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection brings together contributions from experts in criminal behaviour, civil law and jurisprudence. Suggesting that legal scholarship and practice will be increasingly enriched by an interdisciplinary study of law, mind and brain, this c

Evolution and Social Psychology

Author : Mark Schaller
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 113495249X
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and Social Psychology by : Mark Schaller

Download or read book Evolution and Social Psychology written by Mark Schaller and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do we think about and interact with other people in the particular ways that we do? Might these thoughts and actions be contemporary products of our long-ago evolutionary past? If so, how might this be, and what are the implications? Research generated by an evolutionary approach to social psychology issues profound insights into self-concept, impression formation, prejudice, group dynamics, helping, aggression, social influence, culture, and every other topic that is fundamental to social psychology. Evolution and Social Psychology is the first book to review and discuss this broad range of social psychological phenomena from an evolutionary perspective. It does so with a critical and constructive eye. Readers will emerge with a clear sense of the intellectual challenges, as well as the scientific benefits, of an evolutionarily-informed social psychology. The world-renowned contributors identify new questions, new theories, and new hypotheses—many of which are only now beginning to be tested. Thus, this book not only summarizes the current status of the field, it also sets an agenda for the next generation of research on evolution and social psychology. Evolution and Social Psychology is essential reading for evolutionary psychologists and social psychologists alike.

Law and the Brain

Author : Semir Zeki
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191589438
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and the Brain by : Semir Zeki

Download or read book Law and the Brain written by Semir Zeki and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 20 years have seen unparalleled advances in neurobiology, with findings from neuroscience being used to shed light on a range of human activities - many historically the province of those in the humanities and social sciences - aesthetics, emotion, consciousness, music. Applying this new knowledge to law seems a natural development - the making, considering, and enforcing of law of course rests on mental processes. However, where some of those activities can be studied with a certain amount of academic detachment, what we discover about the brain has considerable implications for how we consider and judge those who follow or indeed flout the law - with inevitable social and political consequences. There are real issues that the legal system will face as neurobiological studies continue to relentlessly probe the human mind - the motives for our actions, our decision making processes, and such issues as free will and responsibility. This volume represents a first serious attempt to address questions of law as reflecting brain activity, emphasizing that it is the organization and functioning of the brain that determines how we enact and obey laws. It applies the most recent developments in brain science to debates over criminal responsibility, cooperation and punishment, deception, moral and legal judgment, property, evolutionary psychology, law and economics, and decision-making by judges and juries. Written and edited by leading specialists from a range of disciplines, the book presents a groundbreaking and challenging new look at human behaviour.