Evolution And Speciation In Protozoa

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Evolution and Speciation in Protozoa

Author : T.J. Pandian
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000838609
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and Speciation in Protozoa by : T.J. Pandian

Download or read book Evolution and Speciation in Protozoa written by T.J. Pandian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-02-24 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polyphyletic Protozoa have explored the possibility of performing almost all metazoan functions with a few subcellular organelles. Their unicellularity and structural simplicity have (i) limited diversity to 32,950 species, (ii) restricted spatial distribution to aquatic habitats (94%, against 15% in Metazoa), (iii) demonstrated the ubiquitous dominance of clonality, (iv) reduced sexualization in 50% species, (v) facilitated the use of vegetative gametes in 40% species and (vi) secondary loss of sex in 10% species. With the fastest multiplication rates, i.e. once every 6-60 hours, they occur in high densities of 105-106 cell/ml. Their diverse and complicated life cycles are described in 30 types. Being risky, the cycle involves two hosts in clonality > hermaphroditism > motility. Motility ranges from 2-3 μm for Rhizopoda to 400-2,000 μm for Ciliophora. Not surprisingly, 6,800 species of arcellinids, filosians and formainifers are testated or shelled. Within 1,229 sessile species, the peritrichid and suctorian ciliates are better adapted to coloniality. Unlike those of many Metazoa, the protozoan cyst is a dynamic stage, in which clonal or sexual reproduction occurs. Over 81% protozoans encyst, as it ensures (i) 90% survival during unfavorable conditions (against 15 in 12% non-encysted protozoans), (ii) genome transfer through generations, (iii) dispersal into new habitats and (iv) transmission to new hosts. Their mean body size ranges from 2 μm to 2 mm – a range over 1,000-times – only 8% aquatic metazoans cover a similar size range. In comparison to 77% macrophagy in Metazoa, only 46% protozoans are macrophagous predators. Within motile microphagy, protozoans filter 3-2 times smaller food particle at 50% cheaper clearance cost. This efficiency has expanded microphagy to 15% in protozoans, against 3% in Metazoa. Hence, their turnover rate in trophic dynamics is twice faster than that of metazoans. Foraminifers serve as ecological sensitive indicators in petroleum exploration and rise in sea level. For the first time, incidences of clonality and meiosis as well as symbiosis and parasitism have been shown to hint at the origin and evolution of different protozoan taxonomic groups during the geological past.

Evolutionary Relationships Among Protozoa

Author : Graham H. Coombs
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9780412798009
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Relationships Among Protozoa by : Graham H. Coombs

Download or read book Evolutionary Relationships Among Protozoa written by Graham H. Coombs and published by Springer. This book was released on 1998-10-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolutionary biology of protozoa is a field in which exciting changes are taking place. Relationships between different groups of protozoa are undergoing extensive review and the revised views will have significant repercussions for future investigations. New data from molecular and ultrastructural studies have changed our perception of evolution among this diverse group of organisms in recent years. This volume, part of the Systematics Association Special Volume Series, aims to review this important area and give an up-to-date synthesis of current understanding. The various chapters are deliberately broad in scope and explore areas such as the contribution of different techniques and approaches to the understanding of protistan evolution and the biochemical and physiological aspects of that evolution; there are also chapters that analyse and explore specific protistan groups. In addition some of the chapters discuss topics that are currently very controversial within this field, such as the finding that the 18S rRNA phylogenetic tree of protozoa is probably unreliable. The world-renowned editors have assembled an international team of outstanding scientists whose contributions have produced a volume of interest to all evolutionary biologists and especially those interested in protozoa.

Ecology of Protozoa

Author : Genoveva F. Esteban
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030599795
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of Protozoa by : Genoveva F. Esteban

Download or read book Ecology of Protozoa written by Genoveva F. Esteban and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book emphasises the important role that protozoa play in many natural ecosystems. To shed new light on their individual adaptive skills, the respective chapters examine the ecology and functional biology of this diverse group of eukaryotic microbes. Protozoa are well-established model organisms that exemplify many general problems in population ecology and community ecology, as well as evolutionary biology. Their particular characteristics, like large population sizes, life cycles and motile sensory behaviour, have a profound impact on their survival, distribution, and interaction with other species. Thus, readers will also be introduced to protozoan habitats in a broad range of environments. Even though this group of unicellular organisms is highly diverse, the authors focus on shared ecological patterns. Students and scientists working in the areas of eukaryotic microbiology and ecology will appreciate this updated and revised 2nd Edition as a valuable reference guide to the “lifestyles” of protozoa.

The Protozoan Nucleus, Morphology and Evolution

Author : Igorʹ Borisovich Raĭkov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Protozoan Nucleus, Morphology and Evolution by : Igorʹ Borisovich Raĭkov

Download or read book The Protozoan Nucleus, Morphology and Evolution written by Igorʹ Borisovich Raĭkov and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Evolutionary Biology of Parasites

Author : Peter W. Price
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 069108257X
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolutionary Biology of Parasites by : Peter W. Price

Download or read book Evolutionary Biology of Parasites written by Peter W. Price and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1980-05-21 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the fact that parasites represent more than half of all living species of plants and animals, their role in the evolution of life on earth has been substantially underestimated. Here, for the first time within an evolutionary and ecological framework, Peter Price integrates the biological attributes that characterize parasites ranging from such diverse groups as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, to helminths, mites, insects, and parasitic flowering plants. Synthesizing systematics, ecology, behavioral biology, genetics, and biogeography, the author outlines the success of parasitism as a mode of life, the common features of the wide range of organisms that adopt such a way of life, the reasons for parasites' extraordinary potential for continued adaptive radiation, and their role in molding community structure by means of their impact on the evolution of host species. In demonstrating the importance of parasitic interactions for determining population patterns and geographical distributions, Dr. Price generates further discussion and suggests new areas for research.

Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity

Author : T. J. Pandian
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000996662
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity by : T. J. Pandian

Download or read book Evolution and Speciation in Fungi and Eukaryotic Biodiversity written by T. J. Pandian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being sessiles like autotrophic plants and heterotrophics as animals, fungi are fascinating eukaryotes. In them, the need for external digestion has demanded surface expansion and limited tissues to 2/y. The mycorrhizas facilitate 85% angiosperms to acquire water and minerals, enhance productivity and fight against drought and pollutants. During the geological past, lichens have weathered rock and formed the present landscape. Only 121 fungal species excrete digestive enzymes to meet industrial demand. The beneficial fungi contribute 1,000 billion US$. Parasitic fungi cause 1.6 million human deaths and > 20% loss of commercial crops. Despite their ecological and economic importance, no university offers a degree course in Mycology. For 2,056,907 eukaryotic species, this book elaborates the role played by environmental factors (i) spatial distribution, (ii) light-temperature, (iii) precipitation-liquid water and biological attributes, (iv) cellularity, (v) symmetry, (vi) clonality, (vii) sexuality, (viii) modality and (ix) motility that either accelerate or decelerate biodiversity. About 20 and 80% eukaryotes are aquatics and terrestrials. Decreasing light intensity and temperature reduce diversity from the equator toward the polar zones. Water availability also reduces the diversity from 5.4 - 65.5 species/km2 in tropical evergreen forests to 2 in deserts and polar zones. Unicellularity and radial symmetry decelerate the diversity to 200 in mammals reduce clonality from 100 to 0%. Strategies developed by eukaryotes reduce selfing by

The Protozoan Nucleus

Author : Igor B. Raikov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783709141380
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (413 download)

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Book Synopsis The Protozoan Nucleus by : Igor B. Raikov

Download or read book The Protozoan Nucleus written by Igor B. Raikov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-23 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Functional Biology of Free-Living Protozoa

Author : J.A. Laybourn-Parry
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789401170796
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis A Functional Biology of Free-Living Protozoa by : J.A. Laybourn-Parry

Download or read book A Functional Biology of Free-Living Protozoa written by J.A. Laybourn-Parry and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-05-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Editor: Peter Calow. Department of Zoology. University of Sheffield. England The main aim of this series will be to illustrate and to explain the way organisms 'make a living' in nature. At the heart of this - their func tional biology - is the way organisms acquire and then make use of resources in metabolism, movement, growth, reproduction, and so on. These processes will form the fundamental framework of all the books in the series. Each book will concentrate on a particular taxon (species, family, class or even phylum) and will bring together information on the form, physiology, ecology and evolutionary biology of the group. The aim will be not only to describe how organisms work, but also to consider why they have come to work in that way. By concentrating on taxa which are well known, it is hoped that the series will not only illustrate the success of selection, but also show the constraints imposed upon it by the physiological, morphological and developmentallimita tions of the groups. Another important feature of the series will be its organismic orienta tion. Each book will emphasise the importance of functional integra tion in the day-to-day lives and the evolution of organisms. This is crucial since, though it may be true that organisms can be considered as collections of gene-determined traits, they nevertheless interact with their environment as integrated wholes and it is in this context that individual traits have been subjected to natural selection and have evolved.

A Functional Biology of Free-Living Protozoa

Author : Johanna. Laybourn-Parry
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781468473186
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (731 download)

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Book Synopsis A Functional Biology of Free-Living Protozoa by : Johanna. Laybourn-Parry

Download or read book A Functional Biology of Free-Living Protozoa written by Johanna. Laybourn-Parry and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General Editor: Peter Calow, Department of Zoology, University of Sheffield, England The main aim of this series will be to illustrate and to explain the way organisms 'make a living' in nature. At the heart of this - their func tional biology - is the way organisms acquire and then make use of resources in metabolism, movement, growth, reproduction, and so on. These processes will form the fundamental framework of all the books in the series. Each book will concentrate on a particular taxon (species, family, class or even phylum) and will bring together information on the form, physiology, ecology and evolutionary biology of the group. The aim will be not only to describe how organisms work, but also to consider why they have come to work in that way. By concentrating on taxa which are well known, it is hoped that the series will not only illustrate the success of selection, but also show the constraints imposed upon it by the physiological, morphological and developmental limita tions of the groups. Another important feature of the series will be its organismic orienta tion. Each book will emphasise the importance of functional integra tion in the day-to-day lives and the evolution of organisms. This is crucial since, though it may be true that organisms can be considered as collections of gene-determined traits, they nevertheless interact with their environment as integrated wholes and it is in this context that individual traits have been subjected to natural selection and have evolved.

Concepts of Biology

Author : Samantha Fowler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781680922400
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (224 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts of Biology by : Samantha Fowler

Download or read book Concepts of Biology written by Samantha Fowler and published by . This book was released on 2017-12-30 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The images in this textbook are in color. There is a less-expensive non-color version available - search for ISBN 9781680922202. Concepts of Biology is designed for the introductory biology course for nonmajors taught at most two- and four-year colleges. The scope, sequence, and level of the program are designed to match typical course syllabi in the market. Concepts of Biology includes interesting applications, features a rich art program, and conveys the major themes of biology.

Anaerobic Parasitic Protozoa

Author : C. Graham Clark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781912530861
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Anaerobic Parasitic Protozoa by : C. Graham Clark

Download or read book Anaerobic Parasitic Protozoa written by C. Graham Clark and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book internationally acclaimed researchers critically review the most important aspects of research on anaerobic parasitic protozoa, providing the first coherent picture of their genomics and molecular biology since the publication of the genomes. Chapters are written from a molecular and genomic perspective and contain speculative models upon which future research efforts can be based. Topics include: the genomes of Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia and other diplomonads; the cytoskeletons of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis; genomic.

Basics in Human Evolution

Author : Michael P Muehlenbein
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128026936
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Basics in Human Evolution by : Michael P Muehlenbein

Download or read book Basics in Human Evolution written by Michael P Muehlenbein and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basics in Human Evolution offers a broad view of evolutionary biology and medicine. The book is written for a non-expert audience, providing accessible and convenient content that will appeal to numerous readers across the interdisciplinary field. From evolutionary theory, to cultural evolution, this book fills gaps in the readers’ knowledge from various backgrounds and introduces them to thought leaders in human evolution research. Offers comprehensive coverage of the wide ranging field of human evolution Written for a non-expert audience, providing accessible and convenient content that will appeal to numerous readers across the interdisciplinary field Provides expertise from leading minds in the field Allows the reader the ability to gain exposure to various topics in one publication

Parasite Diversity and Diversification

Author : Serge Morand
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107037654
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Parasite Diversity and Diversification by : Serge Morand

Download or read book Parasite Diversity and Diversification written by Serge Morand and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By joining phylogenetics and evolutionary ecology, this book explores the patterns of parasite diversity while revealing diversification processes.

Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates

Author : Helmut König
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540281801
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (818 download)

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Book Synopsis Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates by : Helmut König

Download or read book Intestinal Microorganisms of Termites and Other Invertebrates written by Helmut König and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first work to focus on microbes in gut systems of soil animals. Beginning with an overview of the biology of soil invertebrates, the text turns to the gut microbiota of termites, which are important soil processors in tropical and subtropical regions. Coverage extends to intestinal microbiota of such other litter decomposers as earthworms, springtails, millipedes, and woodlice. Thoroughly illustrated, including color photographs.

Acquiring Genomes

Author : Lynn Margulis
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0786722606
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Acquiring Genomes by : Lynn Margulis

Download or read book Acquiring Genomes written by Lynn Margulis and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2008-08-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this groundbreaking book, Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan present an answer to one of the enduring mysteries of evolution -- the source of inherited variation that gives rise to new species. Random genetic mutation, long believed to be the main source of variation, is only a marginal factor. As the authors demonstrate in this book, the more important source of speciation, by far, is the acquisition of new genomes by symbiotic merger. The result of thirty years of delving into a vast, mostly arcane literature, this is the first book to go beyond -- and reveal the severe limitations of -- the "Modern Synthesis" that has dominated evolutionary biology for almost three generations. Lynn Margulis, whom E. O. Wilson called "one of the most successful synthetic thinkers in modern biology," and her co-author Dorion Sagan have written a comprehensive and scientifically supported presentation of a theory that directly challenges the assumptions we hold about the variety of the living world.

Symbionticism and the origin of species

Author : I.E.Wallin
Publisher : Рипол Классик
ISBN 13 : 5872146949
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbionticism and the origin of species by : I.E.Wallin

Download or read book Symbionticism and the origin of species written by I.E.Wallin and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1927 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Protist Diversity and Geographical Distribution

Author : W. Foissner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048128013
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Protist Diversity and Geographical Distribution by : W. Foissner

Download or read book Protist Diversity and Geographical Distribution written by W. Foissner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-24 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation and biodiversity of protists The conservation of biodiversity is not just an issue of plants and vertebrates. It is the scarcely visible invertebrates and myriads of other microscopic organisms that are crucial to the maintenance of ecological processes on which all larger organisms and the composition of the atmosphere ultimately depend. Biodiversity and Conservation endeavours to take an holistic view of biodiversity, and when the opportunity arises to issue collections of papers dealing with too-often neglected groups of organisms. The protists, essentially eukaryotes that cannot be classi?ed in the kingdoms of animals, fungi, or plants, include some of the lea- known groups of organisms on earth. They are generally treated as a separate kingdom, commonly named Protista (or Protoctista) in textbooks, but in reality they are a mixture of organisms with disparate a?nities. Some authors have hypothesized that the numbers of protists are not especially large, and that many have extraordinarily wide distributions. However, the p- ture that unfolds from the latest studies discussed in this issue is di?erent. There are many species with wide ranges, and proportionately more cosmopolitan species than in macroorganism groups, as a result of their long evolutionary histories, but there are also de?nite patterns and geographical restrictions to be found. Further, some protists are linked to host organisms as mutualists or parasites and necessarily con?ned to the distributions of their hosts.