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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780730845461
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of the effects of installing red light cameras at selected Adelaide intersections written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of Red Light Camera (photo-red) Enforcement Programs in Virginia written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red light running, which is defined as the act of a motorist entering an intersection after the traffic signal has turned red, caused almost 5,000 crashes in Virginia in 2003, resulting in at least 18 deaths and more than 3,800 injuries. In response to a June 2, 2004, directive from Virginia Secretary of Transportation Whittington W. Clement, an evaluation of the photo-red enforcement programs that operate in Virginia was undertaken. Generally, Virginia's photo-red programs are technically feasible. Case law strongly indicates that the programs pass legal muster in the three key areas: privacy, equal protection, and due process, and public opinion surveys suggest that roughly two-thirds of respondents support red light cameras. There is, however, a practical issue with regard to issuing citations for out-of-state motorists, as noted in the report. Although an economic analysis was not feasible in the study time frame, a limited fiscal analysis suggests that, in general, Virginia localities are not generating net revenue. Finally, an operational analysis based on violations and crashes shows a potential but not definite safety improvement. The cameras clearly affect driver behavior; across the 23 intersections where reliable citation data could be obtained, citations decreased by an average of 21% per intersection. Further the data show that the cameras are correlated with a definite decrease in crashes that are directly attributable to red light running, a definite increase in rear-end crashes, a possible decrease in angle crashes, a net decrease in injury crashes attributable to red light running, and an increase in total injury crashes. More time is needed to determine whether the severity of the eliminated red light running crashes was greater than that of the induced rear-end crashes. The report recommends that Virginia's photo-red enforcement programs be continued for an additional year to resolve this question and to collect additional data that was not feasible during the 6-month time frame of this report.
Author : Imad L. Al-Qadi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203881206
Total Pages : 924 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems: Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, significant attention is given to transport sustainability including planning, design, construction, evaluation, safety and durability of the road system. The 4th International Gulf Conference on Roads: Efficient Transportation and Pavement Systems - Characterization, Mechanisms, Simulation, and Modeling, hosted by the University o
Author : Forrest M. Council
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Safety Evaluation of Red-light Cameras written by Forrest M. Council and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of red-light-camera (RLC) systems in reducing crashes. The study involved an empirical Bayes (EB) before-after research using data from seven jurisdictions across the United States to estimate the crash and associated economic effects of RLC systems. The study included 132 treatment sites, and specially derived rear end and right-angle unit crash costs for various severity levels. Crash effects detected were consistent in direction with those found in many previous studies: decreased right-angle crashes and increased rear end ones. The economic analysis examined the extent to which the increase in rear end crashes negates the benefits for decreased right-angle crashes. There was indeed a modest aggregate crash cost benefit of RLC systems. A disaggregate analysis found that greatest economic benefits are associated with factors of the highest total entering average annual daily traffic (AADT), the largest ratios of right-angle to rear end crashes, and with the presence of protected left-turn phases. There were weak indications of a spillover effect that point to a need for a more definitive, perhaps prospective, study of this issue.
Author : Swampscott, Mass. The Committee To Study Red Light Cameras
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (759 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Installing Red Light Cameras in Swampscott written by Swampscott, Mass. The Committee To Study Red Light Cameras and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rune Elvik
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1848552513
Total Pages : 1140 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (485 download)
Download or read book The Handbook of Road Safety Measures written by Rune Elvik and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Road & Transport Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Cooperative Highway Research Program
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Synthesis of Highway Practice written by National Cooperative Highway Research Program and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Safety written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "No. 1922 examines the responses of cognitively impaired older drivers to emergency vehicles, the crash cost savings associated with red light cameras, the design of safe roadways within and around schools in Texas, the modeling of contraflow freeway traffic under evacuation conditions, and the safety effects of separate roads for trucks."--pub. website.
Author : Ramesh Otturu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Red Light Cameras to Improve Safety written by Ramesh Otturu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of red light cameras (RLCs) in improving safety at signalized intersections. Two scenarios were considered in order to evaluate the effectiveness of RLCs. Firstly, crashes before the installation of RLC were compared with crashes after the installation of RLC. Secondly, crashes after the installation of RLC were compared with crashes after the termination of RLC. Considering both the scenarios helps to determine whether the safety increased or decreased after the installation and after the termination of RLC. This study used red light running crashes and total crashes to evaluate the effectiveness of RLCs. Data for 36 intersections in the city of Charlotte, NC, where RLCs were installed in 1998 and terminated in 2005, were used for evaluation. The year 1997 was considered as before the installation period while 1999 to 2004 was considered as after the installation period. The year 2005 to 2010 was considered as after the termination period. Data for years 1998 and 2005 was not considered to minimize novelty effects. Variables such as the number of lanes, skewness, the number of thru lanes, the number of approaches and traffic volume were used to develop safety performance function for before the installation period and after the installation period. In before and after the installation scenario, the actual number of red light running and total crashes expected to happen were estimated if the RLC was not installed. The estimated number of crashes were compared with the actual number of crashes occurred at the study intersections after the installation of RLC. The RLC system was considered effective if a decrease in the number of crashes was observed after the installation of RLC. In after installation and after termination scenario, the actual number of red light running and total crashes expected to happen if the RLC was not uninstalled was estimated. The estimated number of crashes were compared with the actual number of crashes occurred at study intersections after the termination of RLC. The RLC system was considered effective if an increase in the number of crashes was observed after the termination of RLC. Rear-end crashes increased by 2.5% after the RLCs were installed while they decreased by 45% after the system was terminated. Sideswipe crashes decreased by 44% after installing the RLCs while they decreased by 50% after the system was terminated. Likewise, angle crashes decreased by 37% after installing the RLCs whereas they decreased by 5% after the system was terminated. Left turn crashes decreased by 2.8% after installing the RLCs while they decreased by 51% after terminating the RLCs. In addition, red light running crashes increased by 21.6% after installing the RLCs while they increased by 10.9% after the system was terminated. Total crashes increased by 16% after the RLCs was installed while they decreased by 55.9% after the system was terminated. After installing RLCs, the number of intersections where sideswipe crashes increased was 17 whereas the number reduced to 5 intersections after terminating RLCs. In the case of left-turn crashes the number of intersections where left-turn crashes increased was 10 intersections whereas the number reduced to 2 intersections after the termination of the RLCs. On the other hand, the number increased from 13 to 24 intersections in the case of rear-end crashes, and 4 to 6 intersections in the case of angle crashes. Empirical Bayes method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of RLC system. Results obtained show that the RLC is not effective in reducing the crashes. Data showed an increase in the number of crashes after the installation of RLCs at the study intersections. After installing the RLCs, red light running crashes increased by 5.7% while they decreased by 1.1% after terminating RLCs. On the other hand, the total number of crashes increased by 4.4% after RLCs were installed whereas they decreased by 2.3% after terminating the RLC. After installing RLCs, the number of intersections where red light running crashes increased was 11 whereas the number reduced to 6 intersections after the termination of the RLCs. Overall a 45% decrease in the performance of number of intersections was observed after the termination of the RLCs. In total crashes scenario, after installing RLCs, the number of intersections where total crashes increased was 9 whereas the number increased to 11 intersections after the termination of the RLCs. Overall a 18% increase in the performance of number of intersections was observed after the termination of RLCs.
Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher : Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Road Safety written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development. This book was released on 2003 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day, it is estimated that about 350 people are killed on the roads of OECD countries, and thousands of others are injured. New technologies, including intelligent speed adaptation and collision avoidance systems, are being developed which could significantly improve road safety levels and reduce these casualties. However, significant investment is also going into technological research which may have a negative impact on road safety, unless action is taken to ensure their compatibility with current road systems. This OECD report evaluates the global impact of new technologies on road safety and provides recommendations to governments and industry to ensure that fatalities and injuries in road traffic are reduced.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Automated Enforcement written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shauna L. Hallmark
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (775 download)
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Red Light Running Camera Enforcement in Cedar Rapids and Developing Guidelines for Selection and Use of Red Light Running Countermeasures written by Shauna L. Hallmark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Red light running (RLR) is a problem in the US that has resulted in 165,000 injuries and 907 fatalities annually. In Iowa, RLR-related crashes make up 24.5 percent of all crashes and account for 31.7 percent of fatal and major injury crashes at signalized intersections. RLR crashes are a safety concern due to the increased likelihood of injury compared to other types of crashes. One tool used to combat red light running is automated enforcement in the form of RLR cameras. Automated enforcement, while effective, is often controversial. Cedar Rapids, Iowa installed RLR and speeding cameras at seven intersections across the city. The intersections were chosen based on crash rates and whether cameras could feasibly be placed at the intersection approaches. The cameras were placed starting in February 2010 with the last one becoming operational in December 2010. An analysis of the effect of the cameras on safety at these intersections was determined prudent in helping to justify the installation and effectiveness of the cameras. The objective of this research was to assess the safety effectiveness of the RLR program that has been implemented in Cedar Rapids. This was accomplished by analyzing data to determine changes in the following areas: Reductions in red light violation rates based on overall changes, time of day changes, and changes by lane; Effectiveness of the cameras over time; Time in which those running the red light enter the intersection; Changes in the average headway between vehicles entering the intersection.
Author : Ronald Lansworth Marshall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book An Empirical Assessment of the Impact of Red Light Cameras on the Capacity of Urban Signalized Intersections written by Ronald Lansworth Marshall and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of red light cameras to control the incidents of red light running has had positive effects. However, the use of the cameras has also caused drivers to alter their tendency to run the red light by stopping at the intersection line at the onset of the yellow phase. The yellow phase is part of the effective green time used in the calculation of intersection capacity. A decrease in the utilization of the yellow time results in the reduction in capacity of intersections. Findings from a study conducted at eight (8) signalized intersections throughout the city of Washington, D.C. suggested that the decrease in utilization at camera locations compared with similar non-camera locations varied between 17% and 48% during the AM peak hours; and between 30% and 44% during the off-peak hours. This decrease justifies the need for a correction factor to be used when performing traffic analyses at intersections to account for the presence of the red-light cameras. A regression model provided a correction factor that can be used as one of the adjustments made to the ideal saturation flow rate at intersections before the capacity is calculated. A second study involving racially diverse drivers suggested that a large majority of drivers did not understand the signs used to inform and warn motorists of the presence of red-light running enforcement cameras at intersections. Future additional studies should focus on a much larger number of intersections and also evaluate the need to develop signs that can be easily understood by motorists with minimal educational levels and motorists who are not fluent in the English language. -- Abstract.
Author : Neville Stanton
Publisher : AHFE International (USA)
ISBN 13 : 1495120988
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation: Part II written by Neville Stanton and published by AHFE International (USA). This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Factors and Ergonomics have made a considerable contribution to the research, design, development, operation and analysis of transportation systems which includes road and rail vehicles and their complementary infrastructure, aviation and maritime transportation. This book presents recent advances in the Human Factors aspects of Transportation. These advances include accident analysis, automation of vehicles, comfort, distraction of drivers (understanding of distraction and how to avoid it), environmental concerns, in-vehicle systems design, intelligent transport systems, methodological developments, new systems and technology, observational and case studies, safety, situation awareness, skill development and training, warnings and workload. This book brings together the most recent human factors work in the transportation domain, including empirical research, human performance and other types of modeling, analysis, and development. The issues facing engineers, scientists, and other practitioners of human factors in transportation research are becoming more challenging and more critical. The common theme across these sections is that they deal with the intersection of the human and the system. Moreover, many of the chapter topics cross section boundaries, for instance by focusing on function allocation in NextGen or on the safety benefits of a tower controller tool. This is in keeping with the systemic nature of the problems facing human factors experts in rail and road, aviation and maritime research– it is becoming increasingly important to view problems not as isolated issues that can be extracted from the system environment, but as embedded issues that can only be understood as a part of an overall system.
Author : Nicole Lynn Oneyear
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (76 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of the Safety Effects of Red Light Cameras written by Nicole Lynn Oneyear and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dominic Zaal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Traffic Law Enforcement written by Dominic Zaal and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was undertaken to review the recent Australian and international literature relating to traffic law enforcement. The specific areas examined included alcohol, speed, seat belts and signalised intersections. The review documents the types of traffic enforcement methods and the range of options available to policing authorities to increase the overall efficiency (in terms of cost and human resources) and effectiveness of enforcement operations. The review examines many of the issues related to traffic law enforcement including the deterrence mechanism, the effectiveness of legislation and the type of legal sanctions administered to traffic offenders. The need to use enforcement in conjunction with educational and environmental/engineering strategies is also stressed. The need for publicity to support enforcement operations, police training and education programs is also documented. The review concludes with a series of recommendations regarding the most promising options available to authorities to improve the effectiveness of traffic law enforcement operations.
