Evaluation Of The Critical Air Void System Parameters For Freeze Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using The Manual Point Count And The Flatbed Scanner Methods

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Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods

Author : Mateusz Radlinski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods by : Mateusz Radlinski

Download or read book Evaluation of the Critical Air-Void System Parameters for Freeze-Thaw Resistant Ternary Concrete Using the Manual Point-Count and the Flatbed Scanner Methods written by Mateusz Radlinski and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was conducted to verify whether the semi-automatic method of air-void system characterization (using a flatbed scanner) could be used in lieu of the manual (ASTM C457) method. This research objective was accompanied by evaluating the critical air-void system parameters required to ensure freeze-thaw resistance of ternary concrete containing ordinary portland cement (OPC), 20 % of fly ash (FA), and 5 % of silica fume (SF). It was observed that, due to adverse effect of high superplasticizer dosage on air-void system quality (particularly on specific surface), the majority of high slump ternary mixtures exhibited poor freeze-thaw resistance, even if spacing factor was below the 0.20 mm recommended value. However, when the ternary mixtures were prepared with slump below the limit commonly specified for bridge deck applications (190 mm), the critical air-void system parameters of the OPC/FA/SF concrete were comparable to those typically associated with adequate quality air-void system in conventional concrete. Furthermore, since the critical value of specific surface was independent of slump (i.e., superplasticizer dosage), specific surface appeared to be more objective and reliable predictor of freeze-thaw resistance than spacing factor. When comparing the semi-automatic and manual methods of air-void system characterization, a reasonably strong agreement was obtained for such parameters as air content, void frequency, and spacing factor. Although the results of these methods did not match perfectly, the data suggested that the flatbed scanner technique could be efficiently used for discerning between freeze-thaw durable and non-durable concretes.

Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Air-Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete

Author : A. M. Ramezanianpour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Air-Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete by : A. M. Ramezanianpour

Download or read book Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Air-Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete written by A. M. Ramezanianpour and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air-void analysis of hardened concrete is typically performed according to ASTM C457-09 ["Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete," Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 4.2, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA], which can be tedious to perform and is operator subjective. Several alternative automated methods have been proposed, two of which are the Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method developed at Michigan Technological University. In each of these methods, images are collected from contrast enhanced surfaces of polished concrete, and image analysis is performed to calculate air-void system parameters. In this research, 22 concrete samples were examined using these two methods, the air-void system parameters were compared to those obtained from the ASTM C457 standard, and the precision of the results was compared to the recommendations of ASTM standard. It was concluded that the total air content and the spacing factor of the air voids measured by Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method were comparable to the air content and the spacing factor measured according to the standard manual method. Considering the fact that the automated image systems could detect air voids smaller in diameter than those typically seen by an operator, it was found that if these small air voids are counted, calculated spacing factors are smaller than those calculated by the manual method. If small diameter air voids are removed from the analysis, then spacing factors agree fairly well with those calculated by ASTM C457 from stereo-optical microscopy.

INFLUENCE OF AIR-VOID SYSTEM ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE.

Author : ZAFAR AHMED MALIK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis INFLUENCE OF AIR-VOID SYSTEM ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE. by : ZAFAR AHMED MALIK

Download or read book INFLUENCE OF AIR-VOID SYSTEM ON FREEZE-THAW DURABILITY OF CONCRETE. written by ZAFAR AHMED MALIK and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-way analysis of variance showed that type of air entraining agent, quality of aggregate, and content of condensed silica fume have a major effect on freeze-thaw durability of concrete.

Enhanced Entrained Air Void System Characterization for Durable Highway Concrete

Author : Anthony Torres
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhanced Entrained Air Void System Characterization for Durable Highway Concrete by : Anthony Torres

Download or read book Enhanced Entrained Air Void System Characterization for Durable Highway Concrete written by Anthony Torres and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The air void system in concrete provides a strong influence on the behavior of cementitious materials in both the fresh and hardened state, especially as it relates to freeze-thaw resistance and deicer scaling. The most common test procedure to characterize the air void system is ASTM C457 – Standard Test method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete, which involves microscopic determination of the air content, paste content, air-void size distribution, and spatial dispersion of a sawn concrete sample. This procedure is reliant on the user to make hundreds of critical decisions per sample, which requires significant time, and is potentially subject to human error. Additionally, ASTM C457 provides minimal guidance regarding the exact steps and equipment necessary to prepare a sample for evaluation. The outcome of this research not only provides specific information regarding sample preparation for hardened concrete air void analysis, it also develops an alternative characterization technique that drastically minimizes evaluation time, human error, and increases reliability of key hardened air void characterization parameters. Specific results show on average air void difference of 0.5% and 0.7% between the alternative method versus ASTM C457 Procedure A and B, respectively. The results also show a significant reduction of analysis time from approximately 2 – 4 hours per sample to 15 minutes per sample when using the alternative method.

Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Determination of the Air Void System Parameters of Hardened Concrete

Author : Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Determination of the Air Void System Parameters of Hardened Concrete by : Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour

Download or read book Evaluation of Two Automated Methods for Determination of the Air Void System Parameters of Hardened Concrete written by Amir Mohammad Ramezanianpour and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determination of air void parameters of hardened concrete is usually performed according to ASTM C 457 standard. This standard process is tedious and the results depend on the skill of the operator. Several researchers have proposed alternative automated methods for performing the test. Two of these new methods are Rapid Air 457 and the scanner method. Rapid Air 457 collects images from the surface of concrete samples using a digital microscope whereas in the scanner method, the surface is scanned by a flat-bed scanner. Then, the captured images are analyzed by different computer software. In this thesis, 22 concrete samples were examined by these two methods and the air void parameters were compared to those obtained from the standard method. Moreover, different parameters influencing the results of the test were examined and the precision of the results were compared to the recommendations of ASTM standard.

Correlation of Hardened Concrete Air-Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-Thaw Durability as Found by ASTM C 666

Author : HN. Walker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Correlation of Hardened Concrete Air-Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-Thaw Durability as Found by ASTM C 666 by : HN. Walker

Download or read book Correlation of Hardened Concrete Air-Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-Thaw Durability as Found by ASTM C 666 written by HN. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spacing factor for the proportional number of small air voids ̄Lps as proposed by Walker in 1980 and the air-void parameters normally obtained by ASTM Practice for Microscopical Determination of Air-Void Content and Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete (C 457) were each correlated with the durability factor and weight loss found by ASTM Test for Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing (C 666) Procedure A for 151 concretes. The correlation coefficients were examined, and it was found that for the durability factor the classical spacing factor from ASTM C 457 gave a slightly but not significantly better correlation than did ̄Lps. The 151 concretes were divided into three groups according to their source. In no case did the correlation obtained from ̄Lps significantly exceed the spacing factor calculated from ASTM C 457.

Automated Air-void System Characterization of Hardened Concrete

Author : Karl W. Peterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis Automated Air-void System Characterization of Hardened Concrete by : Karl W. Peterson

Download or read book Automated Air-void System Characterization of Hardened Concrete written by Karl W. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Test Methods for Characterizing Air Void Systems in Portland Cement Pervious Concrete

Author : John T. Kevern
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Test Methods for Characterizing Air Void Systems in Portland Cement Pervious Concrete by : John T. Kevern

Download or read book Test Methods for Characterizing Air Void Systems in Portland Cement Pervious Concrete written by John T. Kevern and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portland cement pervious concrete is becoming a common tool for stormwater management across the United States. The air void system in pervious concrete is particularly important because of its effect on stormwater infiltration, concrete strength, and long-term durability. However, currently the concrete industry lacks standardized testing techniques for characterizing air void systems in pervious concrete. In this paper a series of air system characterization tests performed during a field placement of pervious concrete is detailed, and the test results are compared. Fresh pervious concrete samples from two delivered mixtures were evaluated using pressure, volumetric, Chace, and air void analyzer air test methods. The hardened concrete samples were tested for water-permeable void content, water permeability, air voids (using ASTM Standard C457 method), and freeze-thaw durability (using ASTM Standard C666A method). Based on the results of the study, determination of air systems for the freeze-thaw protection of pervious concrete is proposed.

Correlation of Air Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-thaw Durability

Author : Hollis N. Walker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Correlation of Air Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-thaw Durability by : Hollis N. Walker

Download or read book Correlation of Air Void Parameters Obtained by Linear Traverse with Freeze-thaw Durability written by Hollis N. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The correlations obtainable from comparisons of the various air void parameters with the freeze-thaw durability of concretes are listed. It is shown that correlations are no better when only small voids are used than when the total void content is used. It is concluded that for most concretes, (1) the void parameters required by ASTM C-457 produce sufficient information to delineate the character of the air void system, and (2) that parameters such as the specific surface fore small voids only and the spacing factor for the proportional number of small voids add no useful information when the demarcation between large and small voids is at 1 mm diameter expressed on the plane of examination. It is recommended (1) that any further research deal with the entire void distribution by using the chord length distributions, and (2) that the various kinds of concrete be tabulated separately.

Air Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete Via Flatbed Scanner

Author : Karl Peterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete Via Flatbed Scanner by : Karl Peterson

Download or read book Air Void Analysis of Hardened Concrete Via Flatbed Scanner written by Karl Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Practical Application of a Flatbed Scanner for Air-Void Characterization of Hardened Concrete

Author : Karl Peterson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis The Practical Application of a Flatbed Scanner for Air-Void Characterization of Hardened Concrete by : Karl Peterson

Download or read book The Practical Application of a Flatbed Scanner for Air-Void Characterization of Hardened Concrete written by Karl Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 30 years, with the advent of computers and digital imaging, many automated systems have been introduced for the purpose of air-void characterization. The majority of the systems employs a contrast-enhancement procedure where a polished cross-section of concrete is darkened with paint, and white powder is forced into the depressions left by air-voids. The system described here follows the same approach and uses a flatbed scanner to collect a single digital image of the entire sample. For all of the systems based on contrast enhancement, the first step is to select a threshold level. Image pixels brighter than the threshold level represent air and image pixels darker than the threshold level represent non-air (i.e., paste or aggregate). Further digital processing steps may be employed but the initial selection of threshold level exerts a strong influence on whether a pixel in the final data set is classified as air or non-air. A systematic approach for threshold determination has been proposed based on an iterative procedure that compares automatically determined air-void parameters to manually determined air-void parameters from a set of training specimens. The calibration procedure finds a single optimum threshold level for the automated system that is to be used for all subsequent analyses. The approach was tested on a population of 88 specimens with manually determined air-void parameters, with the goal of determining an appropriate value for the number of training specimens.

A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections

Author : Bertrand Lavédrine
Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780892367016
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections by : Bertrand Lavédrine

Download or read book A Guide to the Preventive Conservation of Photograph Collections written by Bertrand Lavédrine and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resource for the photographic conservator, conservation scientist, curator, as well as professional collector, this volume synthesizes both the masses of research that has been completed to date and the international standards that have been established on the subject.

A Novel Approach to Characterize Entrained Air Content in Pervious Concrete

Author : J. T. Kevern
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis A Novel Approach to Characterize Entrained Air Content in Pervious Concrete by : J. T. Kevern

Download or read book A Novel Approach to Characterize Entrained Air Content in Pervious Concrete written by J. T. Kevern and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current pervious concrete placed in cold climates generally contains air entrainment but, unlike traditional concrete, the evaluation of entrained air is not performed. This paper presents results from a study that characterized the entrained air voids in pervious concrete using a RapidAir system. The RapidAir system is an automatic device that determines the air void properties of hardened concrete according to ASTM C457, "Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of Parameters of the Air-Void System in Hardened Concrete." Two types of aggregates, i.e., crushed limestone and rounded river gravel (pea gravel), and two types of air entraining agents, i.e., natural and synthetic, were used. The air entrainment dosage rates varied from zero to double the manufacturer's recommended dosage. Compressive strength, tensile strength, and freeze-thaw durability (ASTM C666A) of the pervious concrete were tested. The results show that use of air entrainment improves workability of pervious concrete, thus reducing the overall porosity and increasing unit weight of the pervious concrete. The strength and freeze-thaw durability also increases with the level of entrained air in pervious concrete.

The Optical Unconscious

Author : Rosalind E. Krauss
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262611053
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Optical Unconscious by : Rosalind E. Krauss

Download or read book The Optical Unconscious written by Rosalind E. Krauss and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994-07-25 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Optical Unconscious is a pointed protest against the official story of modernism and against the critical tradition that attempted to define modern art according to certain sacred commandments and self-fulfilling truths. The account of modernism presented here challenges the vaunted principle of "vision itself." And it is a very different story than we have ever read, not only because its insurgent plot and characters rise from below the calm surface of the known and law-like field of modernist painting, but because the voice is unlike anything we have heard before. Just as the artists of the optical unconscious assaulted the idea of autonomy and visual mastery, Rosalind Krauss abandons the historian's voice of objective detachment and forges a new style of writing in this book: art history that insinuates diary and art theory, and that has the gait and tone of fiction. The Optical Unconscious will be deeply vexing to modernism's standard-bearers, and to readers who have accepted the foundational principles on which their aesthetic is based. Krauss also gives us the story that Alfred Barr, Meyer Shapiro, and Clement Greenberg repressed, the story of a small, disparate group of artists who defied modernism's most cherished self-descriptions, giving rise to an unruly, disruptive force that persistently haunted the field of modernism from the 1920s to the 1950s and continues to disrupt it today. In order to understand why modernism had to repress the optical unconscious, Krauss eavesdrops on Roger Fry in the salons of Bloomsbury, and spies on the toddler John Ruskin as he amuses himself with the patterns of a rug; we find her in the living room of Clement Greenberg as he complains about "smart Jewish girls with their typewriters" in the 1960s, and in colloquy with Michael Fried about Frank Stella's love of baseball. Along the way, there are also narrative encounters with Freud, Jacques Lacan, Georges Bataille, Roger Caillois, Gilles Deleuze, and Jean-François Lyotard. To embody this optical unconscious, Krauss turns to the pages of Max Ernst's collage novels, to Marcel Duchamp's hypnotic Rotoreliefs, to Eva Hesse's luminous sculptures, and to Cy Twombly's, Andy Warhol's, and Robert Morris's scandalous decoding of Jackson Pollock's drip pictures as "Anti-Form." These artists introduced a new set of values into the field of twentieth-century art, offering ready-made images of obsessional fantasy in place of modernism's intentionality and unexamined compulsions.

How We Test Software at Microsoft

Author : Alan Page
Publisher : Microsoft Press
ISBN 13 : 0735638314
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis How We Test Software at Microsoft by : Alan Page

Download or read book How We Test Software at Microsoft written by Alan Page and published by Microsoft Press. This book was released on 2008-12-10 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It may surprise you to learn that Microsoft employs as many software testers as developers. Less surprising is the emphasis the company places on the testing discipline—and its role in managing quality across a diverse, 150+ product portfolio. This book—written by three of Microsoft’s most prominent test professionals—shares the best practices, tools, and systems used by the company’s 9,000-strong corps of testers. Learn how your colleagues at Microsoft design and manage testing, their approach to training and career development, and what challenges they see ahead. Most important, you’ll get practical insights you can apply for better results in your organization. Discover how to: Design effective tests and run them throughout the product lifecycle Minimize cost and risk with functional tests, and know when to apply structural techniques Measure code complexity to identify bugs and potential maintenance issues Use models to generate test cases, surface unexpected application behavior, and manage risk Know when to employ automated tests, design them for long-term use, and plug into an automation infrastructure Review the hallmarks of great testers—and the tools they use to run tests, probe systems, and track progress efficiently Explore the challenges of testing services vs. shrink-wrapped software

Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete

Author : J. Marchand
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203627091
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete by : J. Marchand

Download or read book Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete written by J. Marchand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete durability in climates where freezing and thawing occurs is a continuing problem. It is particularly acute for highway and bridge structures, where de-icing salts are used to combat the effects of frost, snow and ice. These salts can cause damage to concrete and accelerate corrosion of reinforcements. This book presents the latest international research on this area, with contributions from North America and Europe which were presented at an international RILEM workshop.

Materials Science of Concrete

Author : Jacques Marchand
Publisher : Wiley-American Ceramic Society
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Materials Science of Concrete by : Jacques Marchand

Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR