Evaluation Of The Apex Model To Simulate Runoff Sediment And Phosphorus Loss From Agricultural Fields In Northeast Wisconsin

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Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Fields in Northeast Wisconsin

Author : Forrest Stephen Kalk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Fields in Northeast Wisconsin by : Forrest Stephen Kalk

Download or read book Evaluation of the APEX Model to Simulate Runoff, Sediment, and Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Fields in Northeast Wisconsin written by Forrest Stephen Kalk and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the negative consequences of elevated nutrients in surface water, research in the Lower Fox River Watershed in northeastern Wisconsin has focused on monitoring, quantifying, and defining techniques to reduce nutrient and sediment runoff. To support these efforts, the United States Geological Service and University of Wisconsin – Green Bay have been collecting data during runoff events at edge of field locations for several years. My research uses these critical data to parameterize an Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to predict runoff, nutrient loads, and sediment loads from cropland. Data from three sites were used to both manually and automatically calibrate the model, and six additional sites were used in the validation of the model. I attempted to improve model predictions during snowmelt periods and for estimates of dissolved phosphorus (DP). Results show that the manually calibrated model out-performed the automatically calibrated model in nearly all comparisons. Runoff, sediment, total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved phosphorus (DP) were all successfully calibrated by the manual model. The automatic model only had reasonable estimates for runoff volumes. Validation of both models were poor overall, although several locations produced acceptable results both statistically and when visualized graphically. Generally, estimates of runoff were most successful during model validation, with slightly weaker estimates of sediment, TP, and DP. Simulation of snowmelt periods remained poor. The fraction of TP that's in the soluble form was simulated more realistically in comparison to previous research.

APEX Model Application to Assess the Impact of Best Management Practices on Runoff, Erosion, and Phosphorus Export in NE Wisconsin, USA

Author : Garek Holley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (974 download)

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Book Synopsis APEX Model Application to Assess the Impact of Best Management Practices on Runoff, Erosion, and Phosphorus Export in NE Wisconsin, USA by : Garek Holley

Download or read book APEX Model Application to Assess the Impact of Best Management Practices on Runoff, Erosion, and Phosphorus Export in NE Wisconsin, USA written by Garek Holley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agroecosystems produce food and grain products for a growing global population. With new available land for farming finite, agriculture field management practices have become more intense. However, greater yield intensity requires increased fertilizer and pesticide inputs to cropping systems, potentially leading to unintentional, negative impacts to the environment. Additionally, tillage practices that decrease soil structure, and post-harvest management routines that leave the soil uncovered, collectively increase field susceptibility to erosional losses to adjacent surface waters. The influx of both free and sediment-bound nutrients into water bodies drives algal blooms, and ultimately, following algal death, oxygen depletion from the water column. The net result of these management choices on surface water bodies is a reduced aesthetic appeal for recreation and the reduction of aquatic biodiversity. The objective of my thesis was to evaluate best management practice (BMP) effectiveness at reducing surface runoff, sediment erosion, and phosphorus export from fields using a calibrated and validated Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model. Alternative management practices that I investigated included no-till, inclusion of a standard dairy rotation, planting of cover crops (rye), and implementation of grassed waterways. Each alternative practice was analyzed against common routines such as continuous corn, chisel plowing, and fallow soil post-harvest. The greatest percent reduction in erosion and nutrient exports occurred when fields were transitioned from continuous corn with conventional tillage to no-till. Alternatively, use of multiple BMPs together provided the greatest total reduction of runoff, sediment losses and phosphorus export. The modeled BMP that produced the greatest absolute reduction of phosphorus, sediment, and runoff losses was a standard dairy rotation with cover crops planted in the fall, and inclusion of a grassed waterway. This study is unique, in use of technically advanced edge-of-field monitoring stations to collect surface and subsurface runoff, sediment, and nutrient export from agricultural fields. Calibrated APEX models were found to be effective at demonstrating constituent losses from these fields, and capable of modeling various BMP scenarios. Specifically, this study showed that land managers and farmers would help reduce field losses by implementing BMPs which extend cover, living or non -living, to agricultural cropland soils (i.e. cover crops, and no-till).

Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Estimation for the APEX Model on Runoff, Sediments and Phosphorus

Author : Yi Jiang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (968 download)

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Book Synopsis Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Estimation for the APEX Model on Runoff, Sediments and Phosphorus by : Yi Jiang

Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Estimation for the APEX Model on Runoff, Sediments and Phosphorus written by Yi Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensitivity analysis is essential for the hydrologic models to help gain insight into model’s behavior, and assess the model structure and conceptualization. Parameter estimation in the distributed hydrologic models is difficult due to the high-dimensional parameter spaces. Sensitivity analysis identified the influential and non-influential parameters in the modeling process, thus it will benefit the calibration process. This study identified, applied and evaluated two sensitivity analysis methods for the APEX model. The screening methods, the Morris method, and LH-OAT method, were implemented in the experimental site in North Carolina for modeling runoff, sediment loss, TP and DP losses. At the beginning of the application, the run number evaluation was conducted for the Morris method. The result suggested that 2760 runs were sufficient for 45 input parameters to get reliable sensitivity result. Sensitivity result for the five management scenarios in the study site indicated that the Morris method and LH-OAT method provided similar results on the sensitivity of the input parameters, except the difference on the importance of PARM2, PARM8, PARM12, PARM15, PARM20, PARM49, PARM76, PARM81, PARM84, and PARM85. The results for the five management scenarios indicated the very influential parameters were consistent in most cases, such as PARM23, PARM34, and PARM84. The “sensitive” parameters had good overlaps between different scenarios. In addition, little variation was observed in the importance of the sensitive parameters in the different scenarios, such as PARM26. The optimization process with the most influential parameters from sensitivity analysis showed great improvement on the APEX modeling performance in all scenarios by the objective functions, PI1, NSE, and GLUE.

Root Zone Water Quality Model

Author : Lajpat Ahuja
Publisher : Water Resources Publication
ISBN 13 : 9781887201087
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Root Zone Water Quality Model by : Lajpat Ahuja

Download or read book Root Zone Water Quality Model written by Lajpat Ahuja and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 2000 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication comes with computer software and presents a comprehensive simulation model designed to predict the hydrologic response, including potential for surface and groundwater contamination, of alternative crop-management systems. It simulates crop development and the movement of water, nutrients and pesticides over and through the root zone for a representative unit area of an agricultural field over multiple years. The model allows simulation of a wide spectrum of management practices and scenarios with special features such as the rapid transport of surface-applied chemicals through macropores to deeper depths and the preferential transport of chemicals within the soil matrix via mobile-immobile zones. The transfer of surface-applied chemicals (pesticides in particular) to runoff water is also an important component.

The National Pilot Program Integrated Modeling System

Author : Philip Walter Gassman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The National Pilot Program Integrated Modeling System by : Philip Walter Gassman

Download or read book The National Pilot Program Integrated Modeling System written by Philip Walter Gassman and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Selection Criteria for Mathematical Models Used in Exposure Assessments

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Selection Criteria for Mathematical Models Used in Exposure Assessments by :

Download or read book Selection Criteria for Mathematical Models Used in Exposure Assessments written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Animal Manure

Author : Heidi M. Waldrip
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891183701
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Manure by : Heidi M. Waldrip

Download or read book Animal Manure written by Heidi M. Waldrip and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of meat, milk, and eggs consumed in the United States are produced in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). With concentrated animal operations, in turn comes concentrated manure accumulation, which can pose a threat of contamination of air, soil, and water if improperly managed. Animal Manure: Production, Characteristics, Environmental Concerns, and Management navigates these important environmental concerns while detailing opportunities for environmentally and economically beneficial utilization.

The Agricultural Policy Environmental EXtender (APEX) Model

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis The Agricultural Policy Environmental EXtender (APEX) Model by :

Download or read book The Agricultural Policy Environmental EXtender (APEX) Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model was developed by the Blacklands Research and Extension Center in Temple, Texas. APEX is a flexible and dynamic tool that is capable of simulating a wide array of management practices, cropping systems, and other land use across a broad range of agricultural landscapes, including whole farms and small watersheds. The model can be configured for novel land management strategies, such as filter strip impacts on pollutant losses from upslope cropfields, intensive rotational grazing scenarios depicting movement of cows between paddocks, vegetated grassed waterways in combination with filter strip impacts, and land application of manure removal from livestock feedlots or waste storage ponds. A description of the APEX model is provided, including an overview of all the major components in the model. Applications of the model are then reviewed, starting with livestock manure and other management scenarios performed for Livestock and the Environment: A National Pilot Project (NPP), and then continuing with feedlot, pesticide, forestry, buffer strip, conservation practice, and other management or land use scenarios performed at the plot, field, watershed, or regional scale. The application descriptions include a summary of calibration and/or validation results obtained for the different NPP assessments as well as for other APEX simulation studies. Available APEX Geographic Information System-based or Windows-based interfaces are also described, as are forthcoming future improvements and additional research needs for the model.

Simulation and Evaluation of Stream Flow and Pesticide Prediction in Orestimba Creek Watershed Using the AnnGNPS Model

Author : Chen Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation and Evaluation of Stream Flow and Pesticide Prediction in Orestimba Creek Watershed Using the AnnGNPS Model by : Chen Wang

Download or read book Simulation and Evaluation of Stream Flow and Pesticide Prediction in Orestimba Creek Watershed Using the AnnGNPS Model written by Chen Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticides have been recognized as one major agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution to the environment and surface water in United States. Numerous mathematical models have been developed over the last decades to simulate the fate and transport of NPS at watershed scale. Geographic Information System (GIS) combined with models extends the spatial and temporal scopes of the research by integrating a variety of climates, soils, land covers, and management practices. The Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source model (AnnAGNPS) has received considerable attention in the United States for estimating runoff, sediment yield, pesticide and nutrients transport from ungauged agricultural watershed. However, few studies have been conducted on pesticide loading prediction in surface water using AnnAGNPS. In this study, the AnnAGNPS model was calibrated and validated for prediction of stream flow and chlorpyrifos loading for an agricultural dominated watershed of Orestimba Creek, in Central Valley, California. Large amounts of chlorpyrifos are applied to almonds, walnuts and other stone-fruit orchards in this area every year, which caused significant concern regarding their contamination to the San Joaquin River. Variety of data obtained from multiple sources were utilized as model input, including climate, land use, topology, soil, crop management and schedule, non-crop data, and pesticide. The model's performance was quantitatively analyzed using mean, standard deviation, coefficient of determination (r 2), coefficient of efficiency (NSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Model's prediction was considered to be unsatisfactory if NSE 0.36, satisfactory if 0.36

Cover Crops for Clean Water

Author : William Leonard Hargrove
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cover Crops for Clean Water by : William Leonard Hargrove

Download or read book Cover Crops for Clean Water written by William Leonard Hargrove and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of this conference deal with the role of cover crops in water quality management, including reducing water runoff, soil erosion, agrichemical lost in runoff, and nitrate leaching to groundwater

Methods of Introducing System Models into Agricultural Research

Author : Lajpat R. Ahuja
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0891181806
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods of Introducing System Models into Agricultural Research by : Lajpat R. Ahuja

Download or read book Methods of Introducing System Models into Agricultural Research written by Lajpat R. Ahuja and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why model? Agricultural system models enhance and extend field research...to synthesize and examine experiment data and advance our knowledge faster, to extend current research in time to predict best management systems, and to prepare for climate-change effects on agriculture. The relevance of such models depends on their implementation. Methods of Introducing System Models into Agricultural Research is the ultimate handbook for field scientists and other model users in the proper methods of model use. Readers will learn parameter estimation, calibration, validation, and extension of experimental results to other weather conditions, soils, and climates. The proper methods are the key to realizing the great potential benefits of modeling an agricultural system. Experts cover the major models, with the synthesis of knowledge that is the hallmark of the Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling series.

Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin by :

Download or read book Flux and Sources of Nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

21st Century Watershed Technology

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis 21st Century Watershed Technology by :

Download or read book 21st Century Watershed Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Impact of Runoff Generation Processes of Sediment and Phosphorus Transport

Author : Luna Bharati
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Runoff Generation Processes of Sediment and Phosphorus Transport by : Luna Bharati

Download or read book The Impact of Runoff Generation Processes of Sediment and Phosphorus Transport written by Luna Bharati and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Estimating Sediment and Phosphorus Losses from 800 Hectare Irrigated Study Area in Central Washington

Author : Rene Leland Amundson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimating Sediment and Phosphorus Losses from 800 Hectare Irrigated Study Area in Central Washington by : Rene Leland Amundson

Download or read book Estimating Sediment and Phosphorus Losses from 800 Hectare Irrigated Study Area in Central Washington written by Rene Leland Amundson and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CALIBRATION OF THE SWAT MODEL FOR IMPROVED PEAK FLOW SIMULATION

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)

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Book Synopsis SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CALIBRATION OF THE SWAT MODEL FOR IMPROVED PEAK FLOW SIMULATION by :

Download or read book SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND CALIBRATION OF THE SWAT MODEL FOR IMPROVED PEAK FLOW SIMULATION written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Climate change and anthropogenic activities create uncertainty with respect to future hydrological conditions, and thus pose challenges in predicting streamflow, particularly the magnitude of extreme events. Several studies have focused on understanding future flood risk under climate and land use/land cover (LULC) changes using hydrological models. In addition to biases from climate data, biases from hydrological models, especially on peak flow simulations were reported to be large (usually underestimations). This could limit the dependability of flood risk projections and their applicability for future decision making. This research study investigates techniques and approaches for improved simulation of streamflows with focus on peak flows using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for three case study watersheds. In particular, evaluations include choice of criteria for sensitivity analysis and parameter identification, choice of objective function for calibration, and impact assessment when calibrated models are applied for periods with alternate climate and physical characteristics. For ease of calibration, sensitivity analysis is crucial to identify relevant parameters; however, it can provide different parameter sets based upon the implemented sensitivity criteria. Herein, four sensitivity criteria, namely the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), modified R2 (bR2), and percent bias (PBIAS) were compared in watersheds of contrasting climate, hydrology, and land cover. For rainfall-runoff dominated agricultural watersheds, NSE, bR2, and R2 produced relatively similar parameter sets, and thus these criteria can be used individually or together for the purposes of sensitivity analysis, especially if peak flows are the target. For a snowmelt dominated forested watershed, R2 was found to be the best sensitivity criterion to identify parameters affecting peak flows. Moreover, for this watershed, sensitivity analysis and light calibration of snowmelt related parameters separately followed by calibration of the hydrological parameters resulted in improved flow simulations compared to the default approach where all parameters were analyzed together. The ability of models calibrated to a given set of climate and LULC data to simulate flood risk under altered conditions was assessed in each watershed by applying parameters calibrated for 2002-2005 to 1970-1999. Simulated annual maximum daily flows for the latter period were used to estimate the instantaneous annual maximum flow (AMF) series, and the impact of altered parameter values on the resulting flood distribution was assessed via a one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis. As anticipated, AMFs in the agricultural rainfall-runoff dominated watersheds were sensitive to changes in runoff related parameters, whereas AMFs in the forested snowmelt and dominated watershed were sensitive to changes in snowmelt related parameters. Alteration of the bank storage recession constant was found to significantly affect AMFs in all three watersheds. It was observed that simulation of the flood risk distribution under altered climate can be improved by modifying snow related parameters based upon the observed change in temperature from the calibration period. In flood risk studies with projected urbanization and expansion of agricultural areas, the curve number parameter should be adjusted by the proportion of change relative to the baseline (or calibration) period.

A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030930783X
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.