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Evaluation Of Organophosphorous Pesticide Exposure In Children Of Agricultural Families In The Lower Yakima Valley
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Organophosphorous Pesticide Exposure in Children of Agricultural Families in the Lower Yakima Valley by : Cynthia Leigh Curl
Download or read book Evaluation of Organophosphorous Pesticide Exposure in Children of Agricultural Families in the Lower Yakima Valley written by Cynthia Leigh Curl and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating Seasonal and Occupational Trends of Five 0rganophosphate Pesticides in House Dust in the Lower Yakima Valley, WA by : Katie M. McDonald
Download or read book Investigating Seasonal and Occupational Trends of Five 0rganophosphate Pesticides in House Dust in the Lower Yakima Valley, WA written by Katie M. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are a class of insecticides and pesticides that have become widely used. Adult exposure routes and health effects of OPs have been researched in detail. However, data characterizing chronic low-dose childhood exposures to pesticide sources, such as those that may occur in indirect outdoor and indoor environmental pathways, is limited. This is especially important as childhood age-specific behaviors may predispose young children to chronic and/or increased episodic pesticide exposures. This research characterizes home environment dust as a potential source for indoor pesticide exposure in agricultural communities in the Lower Yakima Valley, located in Eastern Washington. Over the last 13 years, the University of Washington Center for Child Environmental Health Risks Research (CHC) has followed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) strategy in this area to assess and reduce pesticide exposure among children of Hispanic Farmworkers. This research uses dust samples collected in the CHC pesticide research project to identify the episodic nature of OP exposures. The CHC study collected house and vehicle dust samples, urine, saliva, and blood samples from participants across three agricultural seasons throughout the year with known OP application schemes and farmworker work tasks. House dust levels of 5 OPs in this study were found to vary throughout the year based on occupation with farmworkers consistently presenting higher concentrations of OPs. The largest seasonal differences observed occurred from the Harvest-to-Non-Spray and Thinning-to-Non-Spray seasons for Azinphos methyl (AZ), Phosmet (PH), Malathion (ML), Diazinon (DZ), and Chlorpyrifos (CP). House dust levels of OPs were influenced by householder work status in pome and orchard fruit crops, agricultural season, use classification of pesticides, and potential for contact with sprayed fruit and orchard trees dictated by work status. As levels of AZ, PH, ML, DZ and CP in house dust were episodic depending on season, they present episodic exposure risk to populations residing indoors, especially children. This project is supported through the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (Contract No. HHSN267200700023C), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Award Number 5P01ES009601) and the USEPA (grants RD831709, RD832733, RD83451401). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Institutes of Health, or the USEPA.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Organophosphate Pesticides in Urine and Home Environment Dust in an Agricultural Community by : Catherine Marie Tamaro
Download or read book Characterization of Organophosphate Pesticides in Urine and Home Environment Dust in an Agricultural Community written by Catherine Marie Tamaro and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are used widely on crops to control agricultural pests, but they can have harmful effects on humans. Farmworkers have higher exposure to OP pesticides than non-farmworkers living in the same community, due to their occupational exposure, and there is concern that farmworker children may in turn have higher exposure to OPs than non-farmworker children. Methods: A community-based participatory research strategy was used in the Lower Yakima Valley of Washington state to identify 100 farmworker (FW) and 100 non-farmworker (NFW) adults, each with a referent child between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Farmworker adults worked as thinners or harvesters in apple or pear orchards. Parents and children participated in three data collection periods over the course of a year: three urine samples within five days were provided for each collection period, homes were vacuumed once each collection period, and vehicles were vacuumed once during two of the collection periods. Urine was evaluated for the dialkylphosphate metabolites (DAP) characteristic of OP exposure, and dust was evaluated for intact OP residues. Results: The geometric mean (GM) concentrations in house dust of four commonly used agricultural OPs were higher in farmworker households than in non-farmworker households across all three agricultural seasons. Farmworker households had higher GM concentrations of OPs in vehicle dust than non-farmworker households in thinning season, when OPs are applied most intensively. The GM concentration of urinary DAP was higher for children in farmworker households than non-farmworker households during thinning season. Regression analysis of log-transformed variables found a positive correlation between children’s urinary DAP and OP residues in house dust in thinning season. Conclusions: GM concentrations of OPs in house dust and vehicle dust were higher in farmworker households than non-farmworker households, especially in thinning season. OPs in house dust were a significant factor affecting the children’s urinary DAP levels. This relationship was most significant during thinning season and was not observed during the dormant, non-spray season. These results provide support for the occupational take-home pathway of exposure by which children are exposed to agricultural pesticides used in the workplace.
Book Synopsis Environmental Health Perspectives by :
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds by : Ramesh C Gupta
Download or read book Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds written by Ramesh C Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text/reference book provides the most comprehensive coverage of anticholinesterase compounds (Organophosphates and Carbamates), which constitute the largest number of chemicals that are primarily used as insecticides in agriculture, industry, and around the home/garden. Some OPs (nerve agents) have been used in chemical warfare and terrorist attacks, while some OPs and CMs have been recommended as therapeutic agents in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine. Many chemicals of both classes are extremely toxic and lack selectivity, thus their inadvertent/accidental use continues to pose a threat to human and animal health, aquatic systems and wildlife. These anticholinesterase agents produce a variety of toxicological effects in target and nontarget organs. In light of this complexicity, this multi-authored book is written by the well known scientists from many countries. The book is organized into nine sections, with a total of 49 chapters, to provide in-depth knowledge on various aspects of OP and CM compounds, including their use, classification, mechanism-based toxicity, and prophylactic and therapeutic measurements. Several chapters are written with special emphasis to cover timely topics, such as chemical warfare agents, physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling, structure and function of cholinesterases, paraoxonase, carboxylesterases; developmental neurotoxicity, the intermediate syndrome, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, and DNA damage/gene expression and carcinogenesis. Section-VI with 5 chapters is specifically devoted to risk assessment, and safety and regulatory guidelines for pesticides. - Describes everything you need to know about Organophosphates and Carbamates - Extensively covers pesticides, nerve agents, therapeutic drugs, and flame retardants - Describes epidemiology of the world's major disasters involving Organophosphates and Carbamates - Covers animal, human, aquatic, and wildlife toxicity of Anticholinesterases - Insights into in-depth cholinergic and noncholinergic mechanisms of toxicity - Describes recent advancements in cholinesterases, paraoxonases, carboxylesterases, oxidative stress, endocrine disruption, cardiac and pulmonary toxicity, and carcinogenesis - Provides in vitro and in vivo models for neurotoxicity testing - Integrates knowledge of studies in lab animals and humans - Offers risk/safety assessment and national/international guidelines for permissible levels of pesticide residues - Describes management of Anticholinesterase poisoning in humans
Download or read book Journal of Pesticide Reform written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Self-reported Occupational Pesticide Exposure Among Farmworkers in the Lower Yakima Valley of Washington State by : Juanita Ann Heimann
Download or read book Self-reported Occupational Pesticide Exposure Among Farmworkers in the Lower Yakima Valley of Washington State written by Juanita Ann Heimann and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The BUGS Book written by David Lunn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bayesian statistical methods have become widely used for data analysis and modelling in recent years, and the BUGS software has become the most popular software for Bayesian analysis worldwide. Authored by the team that originally developed this software, The BUGS Book provides a practical introduction to this program and its use. The text presents
Download or read book NCAMP's Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Chlorpyrifos by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Chlorpyrifos written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Diazinon by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Diazinon written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Child-specific Exposure Factors Handbook by :
Download or read book Child-specific Exposure Factors Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial Point Patterns by : Adrian Baddeley
Download or read book Spatial Point Patterns written by Adrian Baddeley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-11 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern Statistical Methodology and Software for Analyzing Spatial Point PatternsSpatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R shows scientific researchers and applied statisticians from a wide range of fields how to analyze their spatial point pattern data. Making the techniques accessible to non-mathematicians, the authors draw on th
Book Synopsis Managing Alternative Pollinators by : Eric Mader
Download or read book Managing Alternative Pollinators written by Eric Mader and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Examines the history of the British fire service from 1800-1980, embracing certain key themes of modern British history: the impact of industrial change on urban development, the effect of disaster on political reform, the growth of the state, and the relationship between masculinity and trade unionism in creating a professional identity"--Provided by publisher.
Book Synopsis Contaminants in Agriculture by : M. Naeem
Download or read book Contaminants in Agriculture written by M. Naeem and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-25 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume covers recent studies into agricultural problems caused by soil and water contamination. Considering the importance of agricultural crops to human health, the editors have focused on chapters detailing the negative impact of heavy metals, excessive chemical fertilizer use, nutrients, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, agricultural wastes and toxic pollutants, among others, on agricultural soil and crops. In addition, the chapters offer solutions to these negative impacts through various scientific approaches, including using biotechnology, nanotechnology, nutrient management strategies, biofertilizers, as well as potent PGRs and elicitors. This book serves as a key source of information on scientific and engineered approaches and challenges for the bioremediation of agricultural contamination worldwide. This book should be helpful for research students, teachers, agriculturalists, agronomists, botanists, and plant growers, as well as in the fields of agriculture, agronomy, plant science, plant biology, and biotechnology, among others. It serves as an excellent reference on the current research and future directions of contaminants in agriculture from laboratory research to field application.
Book Synopsis Hired Farm Workers by : United States. Employment Standards Administration
Download or read book Hired Farm Workers written by United States. Employment Standards Administration and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contaminant Geochemistry by : Brian Berkowitz
Download or read book Contaminant Geochemistry written by Brian Berkowitz and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this updated and expanded second edition, new literature has been added on contaminant fate in the soil-subsurface environment. In particular, more data on the behavior of inorganic contaminants and on engineered nanomaterials were included, the latter comprising a group of “emerging contaminants” that may reach the soil and subsurface zones. New chapters are devoted to a new perspective of contaminant geochemistry, namely irreversible changes in pristine land and subsurface systems following chemical contamination. Two chapters were added on this topic, focusing attention on the impact of chemical contaminants on the matrix and properties of both liquid and solid phases of soil and subsurface domains. Contaminant impacts on irreversible changes occurring in groundwater are discussed and their irreversible changes on the porous medium solid phase are surveyed. In contrast to the geological time scale controlling natural changes of porous media liquid and solid phases, the time scale associated with chemical pollutant induced changes is far shorter and extends over a “human lifetime scale”.
