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Evaluation Of Gas To Liquid Gtl Technology And Its Application To Transportation Of Alaskan North Slope Ans Natural Gas As Gtl Products
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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Technology and Its Application to Transportation of Alaskan North Slope (ANS) Natural Gas as GTL Products by : Congbiao Liu
Download or read book Evaluation of Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Technology and Its Application to Transportation of Alaskan North Slope (ANS) Natural Gas as GTL Products written by Congbiao Liu and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) processes via Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis, options for Alaskan North Slope (ANS) gas utilization and transportation of GTL products are reviewed. GTL processes including synthesis gas production, F-T synthesis and upgrading of F-T products are evaluated and selected. Options for ANS gas utilization are compared. Range of product compositions for GTL processes are determined. Transportation modes of GTL products are identified and discussed. Various transportation issues and the GTL testing plan to address these issues are proposed. Properties of GTL products are predicted by using a commercial PVT simulator named WINPROP. The GTL option offers a promising choice for bringing ANS natural gas to market. As the cost of synthesis gas production decreases, GTL products can compete with crude oil refined products. The batch mode may be preferable to the blending mode for transportation of GTL products and crude oil"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids (GTL) Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline Systems (TAPS) by : Nkemakonam Ejiofor
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids (GTL) Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline Systems (TAPS) written by Nkemakonam Ejiofor and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Alaska North Slope is a potential candidate for the Gas to Liquid (GTL) technology. With over 38 Tcf of natural gas reserves stranded on the Alaska North Slope, the GTL technology is considered as a possible method of harnessing the abundant resources. GTL fuels are environmentally friendly (sulfur free) with better ignition and burning properties than conventional petroleum products from crude oil. Evaluating the options of transporting GTL products through the existing Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) together with crude oil either as a blend of crude oil and GTL (commingled) or as alternate slugs of each product (batching) is the main focus of this study. Economic evaluation using Rate of Return analysis to identify the most favorable mode of transportation of the GTL products was performed. Batching, using the modem tracking and sensor techniques was found to be the most economic method yielding the highest return on investment"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids (GTL), Crude Oil Commingled Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) by : Adejoke Motunrayo Ibironke
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of Gas to Liquids (GTL), Crude Oil Commingled Product Transportation Through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) written by Adejoke Motunrayo Ibironke and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Alaska North Slope is a potential candidate for the Gas to Liquid (GTL) technology. With over 38 TCF of natural gas reserves stranded on the Alaska North Slope, the GTL technology is considered as a possible method of harnessing the abundant resources. GTL fuels are environmentally friendly (sulfur free) with better ignition and burning properties than conventional petroleum products from crude oil. Economic evaluation using Rate of Return analysis and the Net Present Value (NPV) to identify the most favorable commingled mode for the transportation of the GTL products was performed. The Crystal Ball software was also used to run sensitivity analysis by using the probabilistic approach to give a clear view of the various scenarios on the project economics. Evaluating the options of transporting GTL products as a blend (Commingled) with the Alaska North Slope Crude Oil through the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is the main focus of this study"--Leaf iv.
Book Synopsis STUDY OF TRANSPORTATION OF GTL PRODUCTS FROM ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE (ANS) TO MARKETS. by :
Download or read book STUDY OF TRANSPORTATION OF GTL PRODUCTS FROM ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE (ANS) TO MARKETS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alaskan North Slope is one of the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the US where Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology can be successfully implemented. The proven and recoverable reserves of conventional natural gas in the developed and undeveloped fields in the Alaskan North Slope (ANS) are estimated to be 38 trillion standard cubic feet (TCF) and estimates of additional undiscovered gas reserves in the Arctic field range from 64 TCF to 142 TCF. Transportation of the natural gas from the remote ANS is the key issue in effective utilization of this valuable and abundance resource. The throughput of oil through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) has been on decline and is expected to continue to decline in future. It is projected that by the year 2015, ANS crude oil production will decline to such a level that there will be a critical need for pumping additional liquid from GTL process to provide an adequate volume for economic operation of TAPS. The pumping of GTL products through TAPS will significantly increase its economic life. Transporting GTL products from the North Slope of Alaska down to the Marine terminal at Valdez is no doubt the great challenge facing the Gas to Liquids options of utilizing the abundant natural gas resource of the North Slope. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate and assess the economic feasibility of transporting GTL products through the TAPS. Material testing program for GTL and GTL/Crude oil blends was designed and implemented for measurement of physical properties of GTL products. The measurement and evaluation of the properties of these materials were necessary so as to access the feasibility of transporting such materials through TAPS under cold arctic conditions. Results of the tests indicated a trend of increasing yield strength with increasing wax content. GTL samples exhibited high gel strengths at temperatures as high as 20 F, which makes it difficult for cold restart following winter shutdowns. Simplified analytical models were developed to study the flow of GTL and GTL/crude oil blends through TAPS in both commingled and batch flow models. The economics of GTL transportations by either commingled or batching mode were evaluated. The choice of mode of transportation of GTL products through TAPS would depend on the expected purity of the product and a trade-off between loss in product value due to contamination and cost of keeping the product pure at the discharge terminal.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Modes of Transporting GTL Products Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) by : Chinedu Franklyn Akwukwaegbu
Download or read book Evaluation of the Modes of Transporting GTL Products Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) written by Chinedu Franklyn Akwukwaegbu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas-to-liquids (GTL) conversion technology, where natural gas is chemically converted to transportable hydrocarbon liquid products, is an emerging technology that will undoubtedly reach commercialization within the next decade. Two GTL transportation modes, that could be used to exploit vast Alaska Natural Gas resources in the form of stable liquid through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), are evaluated either as single slugs (batches) or commingled (mixed) with Crude Oil. In this study, thee pertinent energy equations are solved for both batch and commingled flow modes. The solutions of these equations are analytically presented for determining among other parameters, the pressure gradient and pertinent slug length required for batching. The application of the determined hydraulic parameters will aid in the analysis and economic evaluation of the GTL transportation modes through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS)"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Options for Gas-to-Liquids Technology in Alaska by :
Download or read book Options for Gas-to-Liquids Technology in Alaska written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purposes of this work was to assess the effect of applying new technology to the economics of a proposed natural gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant, to evaluate the potential of a slower-paced, staged deployment of GTL technology, and to evaluate the effect of GTL placement of economics. Five scenarios were economically evaluated and compared: a no-major-gas-sales scenario, a gas-pipeline/LNG scenario, a fast-paced GTL development scenario, a slow-paced GTL development scenario, and a scenario which places the GTL plant in lower Alaska, instead of on the North Slope. Evaluations were completed using an after-tax discounted cash flow analysis. Results indicate that the slow-paced GTL scenario is the only one with a rate of return greater than 10 percent. The slow-paced GTL development would allow cost saving on subsequent expansions. These assumed savings, along with the lowering of the transportation tariff, combine to distinquish this option for marketing the North Slope gas from the other scenarios. Critical variables that need further consideration include the GTL plant cost, the GTL product premium, and operating and maintenance costs.
Book Synopsis Phase Behavior Analysis of Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Products for Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System by : Amit Prakash Sharma
Download or read book Phase Behavior Analysis of Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Products for Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System written by Amit Prakash Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The natural gas reserves on the North Slope of Alaska can be converted to a high premium liquid product using the Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology. The GTL product can be transported from the North Slope of Alaska to the southern port of Alaska through the Trans Alaska Pipeline system (TAPS). In this study, experimental work done in the laboratory to determine the phase behavior and fluid properties of the GTL products and their blends with North Slope crude oil has been presented. To transport the fluid, it becomes necessary to investigate the phase behavior of the fluid at pipeline conditions. Bubble point measurements were conducted to determine, in what phase the TAPS crude oil and GTL blends will exist when being transported through TAPS. Density and viscosity measurements were done to facilitate the fluid property modeling at elevated pressure conditions. The bubble point obtained using the DB Robinson's phase behavior apparatus were used for verifying the accuracy of the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and the Peng-Robinson (PR) Equation of State (EOS) for predicting the phase behavior of GTL, TAPS crude and their blends. The results indicate that the GTL and GTL/crude oil blends will always exist as a single-phase liquid, hence two phase problems associated with transportation of the GTL can be ignored. The PR and the SRK equation of state can be used for modeling the phase behavior of the commingled fluid through TAPS. The Peng-Robinson equation of state and the Pederson principle of corresponding state have been used for modeling the density and viscosity of the GTL and GTL/crude oil blends"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Arctic Research of the United States by :
Download or read book Arctic Research of the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis TRANSPORTATION ISSUES IN THE DELIVERY OF GTL PRODUCTS FROM ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE TO MARKET. by :
Download or read book TRANSPORTATION ISSUES IN THE DELIVERY OF GTL PRODUCTS FROM ALASKAN NORTH SLOPE TO MARKET. written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Alaskan North Slope (ANS) is one of the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the United States where Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) technology can be successfully implemented. The proven and recoverable reserves of conventional natural gas in the developed and undeveloped fields in the Alaskan North Slope (ANS) are estimated to be 38 trillion standard cubic feet (TCF) and estimates of additional undiscovered gas reserves in the Arctic field range from 64 TCF to 142 TCF. Because the domestic gas market in the continental United States is located thousands of miles from the ANS, transportation of the natural gas from the remote ANS to the market is the key issue in effective utilization of this valuable and abundant resource. The focus of this project is to study the operational challenges involved in transporting the gas in converted liquid (GTL) form through the existing Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). A three-year, comprehensive research program was undertaken by the Petroleum Development Laboratory, University of Alaska Fairbanks, under cooperative agreement No. DE-FC26-98FT40016 to study the feasibility of transporting GTL products through TAPS. Cold restart of TAPS following an extended winter shutdown and solids deposition in the pipeline were identified as the main transportation issues in moving GTL products through the pipeline. The scope of work in the current project (Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC26-01NT41248) included preparation of fluid samples for the experiments to be conducted to augment the comprehensive research program.
Book Synopsis Experimental Investigation on the Transportation of Commingled Blends of Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Products and Alaskan Heavy Crude Oil Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) by : Chidiebere G. C. Igbokwe
Download or read book Experimental Investigation on the Transportation of Commingled Blends of Gas-to-liquid (GTL) Products and Alaskan Heavy Crude Oil Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) written by Chidiebere G. C. Igbokwe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Heavy oil deposits in the West Sak and Ugnu formations are currently considered as potential resources to address the issue of declining oil production on Alaska's North Slope (ANS). Similarly, an estimated proven and recoverable ANS gas reserve of 38 trillion cubic feet (TCF) can be converted to high premium Gas-to-Liquid products which may be commingled with Alaskan heavy oil products. These commingled blends of GTL and Alaska heavy oil can be transported through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). The primary operational issues that could affect the transportation of these fluids through TAPS are: pump ability of the heavy oil, cold restart following a prolonged shut down, and solid deposition in the pipeline. Since TAPS was originally designed to carry light to medium, low viscosity crude oil, transporting heavy or viscous oil may cause problems with the overall hydraulics. In this study, ANS crude oil was distilled and the heavy fraction cuts (~18° API gravity) were commingled with ANS crude oil and GTL samples for evaluation. Density and viscosity results showed that addition of GTL significantly reduced heavy oil viscosity to present TAPS conditions. However, solid deposition was observed to be a potential problem"--Leaf iv.
Book Synopsis Journal of Petroleum Technology by :
Download or read book Journal of Petroleum Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Focus on Gas-to-liquids (GTL) by : Rodolfo Rafael Marin
Download or read book Focus on Gas-to-liquids (GTL) written by Rodolfo Rafael Marin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Study of Solid Deposition Phenomena and Fluid Properties of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil, Gas-to-liquid Products and Their Blends for Transportation Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System by : Cajetan Eneberi Ijeomah
Download or read book Study of Solid Deposition Phenomena and Fluid Properties of Alaska North Slope Crude Oil, Gas-to-liquid Products and Their Blends for Transportation Through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System written by Cajetan Eneberi Ijeomah and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Earlier studies on the options for utilization of Alaska North Slope (ANS) gas had indicated that it is economical to convert the gas to Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) products, blend it with the ANS crude oil and transport the resulting liquid through the existing Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) to monetize the stranded gas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of blending ANS crude oil with a GTL sample acquired from BP Alaska Inc. (BPGTL). Solid deposition phenomena and fluid properties of ANS crude oil, BPGTL and their blends were studied. The blends of BPGTL and ANS crude oil would require less pumping pressure. It is concluded from this study that the possibility of vapor and wax formation is precluded during transportation of the blends, and that asphaltene deposition is a potential major problem in blending ANS crude oil with BPGTL"--Leaf iii.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :588 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2002 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies
Download or read book Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2002 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Department of the Interior and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economics of Gas to Liquids Technology for Monetization of Alaska North Slope Natural Gas Reserves by : Chinenye C. E. Ogugbue
Download or read book Economics of Gas to Liquids Technology for Monetization of Alaska North Slope Natural Gas Reserves written by Chinenye C. E. Ogugbue and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The proven natural gas reserves of the Alaska North Slope (ANS) have enormous potential as clean-burning energy resources, if they can be effectively and efficiently utilized. These gas resources, exceeding 35 trillion cubic feet (TCF), currently represent a significant proportion of the energy equivalence of proven ANS oil reserves. With ANS located far from potential markets, there is need to evaluate the prospective economics of promising technologies for monetization of these stranded gas reserves. The economics of the chemical conversion of natural gas to synthetic liquid fuels favored by recent advances in FT synthesis techniques, liquid fuel transportation for the Trans Alaskan Pipeline System (TAPS) operations, and increased demand for clean burning diesel fuels, was the main focus of this study. Economic evaluation using Internal Rate of Return (IRR) analysis, Payout Time and the Net Present Value (NPV) to access and compare the economic viability of 3-train and 4-train GTL Projects is performed. Monte-Carlo simulation using the Crystal Ball software was utilized to run sensitivity analysis, incorporating the probabilistic approach, which generated insightful scenarios on the project economics"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Operational Challenges in Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). by : Santanu Khataniar
Download or read book Operational Challenges in Gas-To-Liquid (GTL) Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). written by Santanu Khataniar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil production from Alaskan North Slope oil fields has steadily declined. In the near future, ANS crude oil production will decline to such a level (200,000 to 400,000 bbl/day) that maintaining economic operation of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) will require pumping alternative products through the system. Heavy oil deposits in the West Sak and Ugnu formations are a potential resource, although transporting these products involves addressing important sedimentation issues. One possibility is the use of Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) technology. Estimated recoverable gas reserves of 38 trillion cubic feet (TCF) on the North Slope of Alaska can be converted to liquid with GTL technology and combined with the heavy oils for a product suitable for pipeline transport. Issues that could affect transport of this such products through TAPS include pumpability of GTL and crude oil blends, cold restart of the pipeline following a prolonged winter shutdown, and solids deposition inside the pipeline. This study examined several key fluid properties of GTL, crude oil and four selected blends under TAPS operating conditions. Key measurements included Reid Vapor Pressure, density and viscosity, PVT properties, and solids deposition. Results showed that gel strength is not a significant factor for the ratios of GTL-crude oil blend mixtures (1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4) tested under TAPS cold re-start conditions at temperatures above - 20 F, although Bingham fluid flow characteristics exhibited by the blends at low temperatures indicate high pumping power requirements following prolonged shutdown. Solids deposition is a major concern for all studied blends. For the commingled flow profile studied, decreased throughput can result in increased and more rapid solid deposition along the pipe wall, resulting in more frequent pigging of the pipeline or, if left unchecked, pipeline corrosion.
Book Synopsis Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Gas-to-liquids Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System by : Sirisha Nerella
Download or read book Thermal and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Gas-to-liquids Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline System written by Sirisha Nerella and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology involves the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. In this study, theoretical studies have been presented to determine the feasibility of transporting GTL products through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). To successfully transport GTL through TAPS, heat loss along the route must be carefully determined. This study presents heat transfer and fluid dynamic calculations to evaluate this feasibility. Because of heat loss, the fluid temperature decreases in the direction of flow and this affects the fluid properties, which in turn influence convection coefficient and pumping power requirements. The temperature and heat loss distribution along the pipeline at different locations have been calculated. Fairly good agreement with measured oil temperatures is observed. The powers required to pump crude oil and GTL individually, against various losses have been calculated. Two GTL transportation modes have been considered; one as a pure stream of GTL and the second as a commingled mixture with crude oil. These results show that the pumping power and heat loss for GTL are less than that of the crude oil for the same volumetric flow rate. Therefore, GTL can be transported through TAPS using existing equipment at pump stations"--Leaf iii.
