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Evaluation De Lefficacite Des Amp Par Modelisation Du Fonctionnement Trophique De Lecosysteme
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Book Synopsis Evaluation de l'efficacité des AMP par modélisation du fonctionnement trophique de l'écosystème by : Audrey Valls
Download or read book Evaluation de l'efficacité des AMP par modélisation du fonctionnement trophique de l'écosystème written by Audrey Valls and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) sont considérées comme un outil majeur pour la gestion des stocks halieutiques dans le cadre de l'Approche Ecosystémique des Pêches. Cependant, les gestionnaires disposent assez rarement d'une évaluation objective de l'efficacité de ces AMP d'un point de vue halieutique. L'objectif de cette étude, menée dans le cadre du projet de recherche AMPHORE, est d'évaluer l'impact de l'AMP du Parc national de Port-Cros, en Méditerranée, sur le fonctionnement trophique de l'écosystème sous-jacent. Cette zone protégée dispose d'une importante biodiversité et fait l'objet d'un suivi scientifique, approfondi et ancien, de l'essentiel de ses compartiments biologiques et des activités humaines de prélèvement qui y sont pratiquées. Dans un premier temps, un modèle trophodynamique Ecopath est construit, visant à proposer une synthèse cohérente des connaissances acquises sur le fonctionnement de cette aire marine protégée. Ce modèle compte 41 groupes, dont 18 groupes de poissons. Il repose sur des données provenant de comptages visuels en plongée, de chalutages et d'analyses de contenus stomacaux. Nous cherchons ensuite à mesurer l'effet réserve en simulant, à l'aide des routines EcoTroph, différents scénarios de pêche, et en quantifiant leurs effets sur les biomasses et la biodiversité trophique de l'écosystème. Nous nous intéressons enfin à la robustesse de cette démarche de modélisation par une analyse de sensibilité du modèle EcoTroph.
Book Synopsis Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. by : Luc Crollen
Download or read book Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. written by Luc Crollen and published by [Louvain] : Leuven University Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coral Reefs and Climate Change by : Jonathan Turnbull Phinney
Download or read book Coral Reefs and Climate Change written by Jonathan Turnbull Phinney and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 61. The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and related climate change on shallow coral reefs are gaining considerable attention for scientific and economic reasons worldwide. Although increased scientific research has improved our understanding of the response of coral reefs to climate change, we still lack key information that can help guide reef management. Research and monitoring of coral reef ecosystems over the past few decades have documented two major threats related to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2: (1) increased sea surface temperatures and (2) increased seawater acidity (lower pH). Higher atmospheric CO2 levels have resulted in rising sea surface temperatures and proven to be an acute threat to corals and other reef-dwelling organisms. Short periods (days) of elevated sea surface temperatures by as little as 1–2°C above the normal maximum temperature has led to more frequent and more widespread episodes of coral bleaching-the expulsion of symbiotic algae. A more chronic consequence of increasing atmospheric CO2 is the lowering of pH of surface waters, which affects the rate at which corals and other reef organisms secrete and build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Average pH of the surface ocean has already decreased by an estimated 0.1 unit since preindustrial times, and will continue to decline in concert with rising atmospheric CO2. These climate-related Stressors combined with other direct anthropogenic assaults, such as overfishing and pollution, weaken reef organisms and increase their susceptibility to disease.
Book Synopsis The Mediterranean region under climate change by : Collectif
Download or read book The Mediterranean region under climate change written by Collectif and published by IRD Éditions. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.
Book Synopsis State of the World's Oceans by : Michelle Allsopp
Download or read book State of the World's Oceans written by Michelle Allsopp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world’s oceans cover 70% of the earth’s surface and are home to a myriad of amazing and beautiful creatures. However, the biodiversity of the oceans is incre- ingly coming under serious threat from many human activities including overfi- ing, use of destructive fishing methods, pollution and commercial aquaculture. In addition, climate change is already having an impact on some marine ecosystems. This book discusses some of the major threats facing marine ecosystems by cons- ering a range of topics, under chapters discussing biodiversity (Chapter 1), fisheries (Chapter 2), aquaculture (Chapter 3), pollution (Chapter 4) and the impacts of increasing greenhouse gas emissions (Chapter 5). It goes on to explore solutions to the problems by discussing equitable and sustainable management of the oceans (Chapter 6) and protecting marine ecosystems using marine reserves (Chapter 7). Presently, 76% of the oceans are fully or over-exploited with respect to fishing, and many species have been severely depleted. It is abundantly clear that, in general, current fisheries management regimes are to blame for much of the widespread degradation of the oceans. Many policy-makers and scientists now agree that we must adopt a radical new approach to managing the seas – one that is precautionary in nature and has protection of the whole marine ecosystem as its primary objective. This ‘ecosystem-based approach’ is vital if we are to ensure the health of our oceans for future generations.
Book Synopsis Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries by : Daniel Pauly
Download or read book Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries written by Daniel Pauly and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2016-10-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Atlas of Marine Fisheries is the first and only book to provide accurate, country-by-country fishery catch data. This groundbreaking information has been gathered from independent sources by the world's foremost fisheries experts. Edited by Daniel Pauly and Dirk Zeller of the Sea Around Us Project, the Atlas includes one-page reports on 273 countries and their territories, plus fourteen topical global chapters. Each national report describes the current state of the country's fishery; the policies, politics, and social factors affecting it; and potential solutions. The global chapters address cross-cutting issues, from the economics of fisheries to the impacts of mariculture. Extensive maps and graphics offer attractive and accessible visual representations.
Book Synopsis Analyse de l'impact d'une Aire Marine Protégée (AMP) sur le fonctionnement trophique d'un écosystème by : Mathieu Colleter
Download or read book Analyse de l'impact d'une Aire Marine Protégée (AMP) sur le fonctionnement trophique d'un écosystème written by Mathieu Colleter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les écosystèmes marins ont connu de profonds bouleversements durant les dernières décennies, et ce notamment par une augmentation de la pression anthropique. La pêche a un impact direct sur les ressources, mais également indirect via les réseaux trophiques. Face à ce constat alarmant, de nombreux Etats se sont engagés à mettre en place une Approche Ecosystémique des Pêches (AEP) afin de mieux gérer les ressources en prenant en compte les impacts anthropiques sur l'ensemble des compartiments d'un écosystème. Au sein de cette politique de gestion, l'utilisation des Aires Marines Protégées (AMP) pour sauvegarder et gérer les écosystèmes s'est imposée comme un outil efficace. Cependant, l'intérêt des AMP comme outil de gestion des stocks halieutiques, et comme méthode de minimisation de l'impact de la pêche à l'échelle d'un écosystème global, reste mal connu. L'objectif de cette étude, menée dans le cadre du projet de recherche AMPHORE, est d'évaluer l'impact de la mise en place d'une AMP sur le fonctionnement trophique de l'écosystème du bolong de Bamboung (Sine-Saloum, Sénégal). Cette zone fait l'objet d'un suivi scientifique depuis 2003, dernière année où la pêche était autorisée. Dans un premier temps, un modèle trophodynamique Ecopath est construit pour l'année 2003. Ce modèle de référence permet une synthèse cohérente du fonctionnement trophique de l'écosystème. Puis des séries d'indices d'abondance sont calculées grâce aux données de pêche expérimentale, nous permettant de construire des modèles dérivés pour l'année 2008 et le Sangako, bolong similaire mais pêché. Nous cherchons ensuite à mesurer l'effet réserve en simulant, à l'aide des routines EcoTroph, différents scénarii de pêche, et en quantifiant leurs effets sur les biomasses et la biodiversité trophique de l'écosystème. Enfin, une analyse de sensibilité est menée.
Book Synopsis Coasts Under Changing Climate: Observations and Modeling by : Rafael Almar
Download or read book Coasts Under Changing Climate: Observations and Modeling written by Rafael Almar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications by : Jean-Claude Bertrand
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.
Book Synopsis Stratégie D'échantillonnage Et Modélisation Trophique by : Giulia Prato
Download or read book Stratégie D'échantillonnage Et Modélisation Trophique written by Giulia Prato and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overexploitation of high trophic level predators (HTLP) may trigger trophic cascades, often leading to a simplification of marine food-webs and reducing their resilience to human impacts. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can foster increases of HTLP abundance and biomass, but long time frames are needed to observe a recovery, when possible, of lost trophic interactions. This PhD aimed to propose integrated management-tools to monitor HTLP recovery and the restoration of trophic interactions in Mediterranean MPAs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of these tools at assessing fishing impacts upon HTLP and the associated food-web. Two often distant approaches were combined: field monitoring and food-web modelling. First, to survey the fish assemblage, we proposed to improve the traditional underwater visual census technique of one size-transects with variable size transects adapted to fish mobility. This improvement increased the accuracy of density and biomass estimates of HTLP at three Mediterranean MPAs. We then evaluated the potential of food-web modelling with the Ecopath with Ecosim and Ecotroph approach as a tool to inform ecosystem-based management in Mediterranean MPAs. We proposed a standard model structure as the best compromise between model complexity, feasibility of model construction in terms of data collection, and reliability of model outputs. Key functional groups for which local accurate biomass data should be collected in priority in order to get reliable model outputs were identified.
