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Evaluating Transesterified Waste Vegetable Oil For Use As Fuel
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Book Synopsis Evaluating Transesterified Waste Vegetable Oil For Use As Fuel by : Raphael Nyayieka
Download or read book Evaluating Transesterified Waste Vegetable Oil For Use As Fuel written by Raphael Nyayieka and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-04 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comparative study of the evaluated biodiesel derived from waste vegetable oil and fossil diesel fuel in the running of diesel engine. The main objective of the research project was to add value to waste vegetable oil by converting to biodiesel for use as diesel fuel supplement and help reduce the cost of petroleum based fuel which is fast depleting. Biodiesel fuel was evaluated on the short-term performance of the selected diesel engine. The operating conditions for the modified reactor were 60L vegetable oil, 10L methanol at a temperature of 65-68 degrees centigrade. The time of reaction was 3hours. The catalyst used was 250g anhydrous Sodium hydroxide. The diesel engine operating combustion conditions were obtained at engine speed rating of 1750 rpm for both fossil diesel and waste vegetable oil derived biodiesel. The average fuel consumption was 0.3396 kg/KWh for fossil diesel fuel and 0.3804 kg/KWh for biodiesel respectively. There was no significant difference in the variation of fuel consumption and thermal efficiency for both fossil and biodiesel fuels.
Book Synopsis The Biodiesel Handbook by : Gerhard Knothe
Download or read book The Biodiesel Handbook written by Gerhard Knothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this invaluable handbook covers converting vegetable oils, animal fats, and used oils into biodiesel fuel. The Biodiesel Handbook delivers solutions to issues associated with biodiesel feedstocks, production issues, quality control, viscosity, stability, applications, emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the status of the biodiesel industry worldwide. Incorporates the major research and other developments in the world of biodiesel in a comprehensive and practical format Includes reference materials and tables on biodiesel standards, unit conversions, and technical details in four appendices Presents details on other uses of biodiesel and other alternative diesel fuels from oils and fats
Book Synopsis An Enviro-economic Assessment of Waste Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel Conversion by : Kendall Robert Ernst
Download or read book An Enviro-economic Assessment of Waste Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel Conversion written by Kendall Robert Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its multiple dining halls, close proximity to restaurants, and diesel vehicle fleet, the University of Texas at Austin (UT) has both the supply of raw materials to implement a waste vegetable oil to biodiesel recycling program and the capacity to use it. At face value, implementing a large-scale recycling program provides a source of cheap, low emissions fuel. However, the feasibility of such a program is contingent on its economic cost and environmental impact relative to alternative fuel sources. Thus, this research estimated the greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories and the unit cost associated with 1 megajoule worth of recycled biodiesel derived from three production processes -Alkali Catalyzed, Acid Catalyzed, and Supercritical Methanol-using environmental life cycle assessment and life cycle costing. These GHG inventories and unit costs were then compared to the conventional diesel and oilseed biodiesel sources that make up UT's current fuel portfolio. This analysis suggested that implementing a recycling program using a Supercritical Methanol biodiesel conversion process would have the lowest combined GHG impact and unit cost, although as an emerging technology, it poses a high investment risk. In general, these findings are encouraging to the success and impact of a large-scale recycling program.
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Meisam Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in-depth information on the state of the art of global biodiesel production and investigates its impact on climate change. Subsequently, it comprehensively discusses biodiesel production in terms of production systems (reactor technologies) as well as biodiesel purification and upgrading technologies. Moreover, the book reviews essential parameters in biodiesel production systems as well as major principles of operation, process control, and trouble-shooting in these systems. Conventional and emerging applications of biodiesel by-products with a view to further economize biodiesel production are also scrutinized. Separate chapters are dedicated to economic risk analysis and critical comparison of biodiesel production systems as well as techno-economical aspects of biodiesel plants. The book also thoroughly investigates the important aspects of biodiesel production and combustion by taking advantage of advanced sustainability analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy techniques. In closing, the application of Omics technologies in biodiesel production is presented and discussed. This book is relevant to anyone with an interest in renewable, more sustainable fuel and energy solutions.
Book Synopsis Advances in Biodiesel Production by : R Luque
Download or read book Advances in Biodiesel Production written by R Luque and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel is one of the main biofuels capable of substituting fossil fuel usage in compression ignition vehicles, and is used in a variety of fuel blends worldwide. First-generation biodiesel has been used in national markets for some time, with fuel quality standards in place for this purpose. There remain, however, several restrictions to sustainable and long term market development, which is influenced by many factors, including food vs. fuel pressures. The development of new generations of biodiesel, aimed at more sustainable and effective feedstock utilisation alongside improved production efficiency and fuel quality, is critical to the future both of this industry and of the continuing use of biodiesel fuels in transportation. This book provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies. Part one reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards. This coverage is extended in Part two, with chapters focussing on the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Advances in biodiesel production a standard reference for chemical, biochemical and industrial process engineers, as well as scientists and researchers in this important field. Provides a timely reference on the advances in the development of biodiesel fuels, production processes and technologies Reviews the life cycle sustainability assessment and socio-economic and environmental policy issues associated with advanced biodiesel production, as well as feedstocks and fuel quality standards Discusses the development of methods and catalysts essential to the improvement and optimisation of biodiesel production processes and technologies
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Transesterification of Vegetable Oil with a Continuous Flow Capillary Reactor by : Rachaneewan Charoenwat
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Transesterification of Vegetable Oil with a Continuous Flow Capillary Reactor written by Rachaneewan Charoenwat and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel, Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), is a renewable fuel that is a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the future. Biodiesel not only has similar properties to diesel derived from fossil fuel, but it also provides more environmentally friendly due to lower carbon monoxide and sulfur emissions. Biodiesel is composed of methyl esters which can be synthesized from various fatty acid sources with a present of catalyst. Typical feed-stocks include vegetable oils, such as waste cooking oil, animal fats, and even oil from algae. Four primary ways to use vegetable oil as a fuel are direct use, blending with diesel via a co-solvent, using oil produced by thermo cracking (pyrolysis), and using methyl esters made by transesterification/esterification. The transesterification process is the most frequently used methods for making biodiesel because it gives the fuel that has similar or better properties as diesel fuel. However, most biodiesel is still produced using batch reactor technology that is decades old. Improvements in biodiesel quality and economics can be achieved by employing alternate reactor technology for biodiesel synthesis that can reduce reactor size and energy consumption. Recently, microreactor technology, an important method of process intensification, was widely used to apply in biodiesel to reduce the residence time. In addition, the biodiesel producers typically employs as catalyst to speed the transesterification reaction. The catalysts are usually homogeneous bases but strong acids can work as well. In this work, the use of capillary reactor technology for the intensification of transesterification was studied. Both homogeneous alkaline and heterogeneous acid catalysis were investigated. Reactions were conducted experimentally in stirred batch and continuous flow capillary reactors. To confirm the intensification process, the titanium micro-reactor was also presented to verify the rapid mass transfer in microscale. Moreover, the batch reactor and capillary reactor are compared to show the effectiveness of biodiesel production in capillary reactor. The results show that, from the homogeneous alkali-catalyst, conversion of vegetable oil greater than 98% could be achieved for significantly lower residence times and energy input compared to the stirred batch reactor case. This enhanced performance was due to the intensification of mass and heat transfer enabled by the use of the capillary reactor. In order to reduce the purifying process, the experiment is investigated the use of a heterogeneous acid catalyst for the transesterification reaction in a capillary reactor. The catalyst will be immobilized in the reactor as a packed bed of micro-particles. The results indicated that high surface area of packed bed reactor gave the 84% oil conversion with a significant reducing in residence time for 1 h. Because of the micro-particles, there was to high pressure drop in the reactor during the experiment. A mathematical model for the multiphase flow in a capillary including transesterification reaction kinetics was developed. The model was solved approximately using a time accurate finite element-based computer code. The predictions made by the model follow the same trends observed in the experiments.
Book Synopsis Advances in Medium and High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology by : Marta Boaro
Download or read book Advances in Medium and High Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology written by Marta Boaro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book well-known experts highlight cutting-edge research priorities and discuss the state of the art in the field of solid oxide fuel cells giving an update on specific subjects such as protonic conductors, interconnects, electrocatalytic and catalytic processes and modelling approaches.Fundamentals and advances in this field are illustrated to help young researchers address issues in the characterization of materials and in the analysis of processes, not often tackled in scholarly books.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Vegetable Oils in Diesel Engines by : J. S. Birrell
Download or read book Evaluation of Vegetable Oils in Diesel Engines written by J. S. Birrell and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodiesel written by Ayhan Demirbas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines describes the production and characterization of biodiesel. The book also presents current experimental research work in the field, including techniques to reduce biodiesel’s high viscosity. Researchers in renewable energy, as well as fuel engineers, will discover a myriad of new ideas and promising possibilities.
Book Synopsis Renewable Energy and its Innovative Technologies by : Jayeeta Chattopadhyay
Download or read book Renewable Energy and its Innovative Technologies written by Jayeeta Chattopadhyay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book features innovative scientific research by scientists, academicians and students, presented at the International Conference on Energy, Materials and Information Technology, 2017 at Amity University Jharkhand, India. Covering all the promising renewable energies and their related technologies, such as wind, solar and biomass energy, it compiles current important scientific research in this field and addresses how it can be applied in an interdisciplinary manner. The selected conference papers provide important data and parameters for utilizing the main potential renewable energies, and allowing an economic and environmental assessment. The book is a valuable resource for all those who are interested in the physical and technical principles of promising ways to utilize various renewable energies.
Book Synopsis Biodiesel Production Technologies by : Jorge Mario Marchetti
Download or read book Biodiesel Production Technologies written by Jorge Mario Marchetti and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiesel production is a very modern and technological area that is winning relevance and market due to its benefits, such as that it is biodegradable, a renewable and alternative source of fuel with less pollutants and less particle pollution. Different studies have been carried out using various oils as raw material, different alcohol as well as different catalysts, homogeneous ones such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulphuric acid and supercritical fluids, and heterogeneous ones such as solid resins and enzymes as well as new technologies that are being developed every day. This book discusses the global energy situation in regard to the biodiesel industry, as well as a specific focus on operational conditions, kinetics model and economic comparison in order to see if they could be used as profitable alternatives.
Book Synopsis Vegetable Oil as Biofuel. Chemical Characteristics and Transesterification Procedure by : Joseph Ekpuka
Download or read book Vegetable Oil as Biofuel. Chemical Characteristics and Transesterification Procedure written by Joseph Ekpuka and published by . This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, grade: 5.00, Covenant University, language: English, abstract: This essay tries to examines how and under which circumstances vegetabel oil can be transformed to and used as biofuel. Reacting oils or fats in an esterification process basically contain monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, lipids and free fatty acids. Triglyceride (TAGs) nevertheless has a good prospect as an alternative fuel. Triglyceride has a benefit as been renewable and biodegradable with higher cetane number. Biodiesel is the product from a variety of reacting feedstocks. Feedstocks used will vary from vegetable oils (soybean, cottonseed, palm, peanut, rapeseed/canola, sunflower), animal fats (tallow, chicken fat, fish oils) to waste cooking oil and grease. A transesterification reaction involving oil or fat with alcohol will lead to biodiesel which is a mixture of fatty esters. Each ester component contributes to the properties of the fuel. Esters containing higher alcohol content with fatty acids can also be used as biolubricants. This fuel is biodegradable, non-toxic and has low emission profiles than petroleum diesel. Biodiesel can mix with petro-diesel in all distinction and can be used as such with petroleum diesel for direct appliance in diesel engines. Thus, it is very essential and critical to have the data of fatty acid profile of oil and fat used. This should also include their chemical properties. It is concluded that seeds can be grown for biodiesel production purposes, because theyprovided the highest yields among the varieties tested.
Book Synopsis Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers by : Armen B. Avagyan
Download or read book Biodiesel: Feedstocks, Technologies, Economics and Barriers written by Armen B. Avagyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-07 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution policy is closely connected with climate change, public health, energy, transport, trade, and agriculture, and generally speaking, the Earth has been pushed to the brink and the damage is becoming increasingly obvious. The transport sector remains a foremost source of air pollutants – a fact that has stimulated the production of biofuels. This book focuses on the biodiesel industry, and proposes a modification of the entire manufacturing chain that would pave the way for further improvements. Oil derived from oilseed plantations/crops is the most commonly used feedstock for the production of biodiesel. At the same time, the UK’s Royal Academy of Engineering and 178 scientists in the Netherlands have determined that some biofuels, such as diesel produced from food crops, have led to more emissions than those produced by fossil fuels. Accordingly, this book re-evaluates the full cycle of biodiesel production in order to help find optimal solutions. It confirms that the production and use of fertilizers for the cultivation of crop feedstocks generate considerably more GHG emissions compared to the mitigation achieved by using biodiesel. To address this fertilization challenge, projecting future biofuel development requires a scenario in which producers shift to an organic agriculture approach that includes the use of microalgae. Among advanced biofuels, algae’s advantages as a feedstock include the highest conversion of solar energy, and the ability to absorb CO2 and pollutants; as such, it is the better choice for future fuels. With regard to the question of why algae’s benefits have not been capitalized on for biofuel production, our analyses indicate that the sole main barrier to realizing algae’s biofuel potential is ineffective international and governmental policies, which create difficulties in reconciling the goals of economic development and environmental protection.
Book Synopsis Assessment of the potential of methyl ester production from non-edible oils by : Venu Gopal
Download or read book Assessment of the potential of methyl ester production from non-edible oils written by Venu Gopal and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2017 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: A, Andhra University (College of engineering), language: English, abstract: Biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines is becoming increasingly important due to diminishing petroleum reserves and the environmental consequences of exhaust gases from petroleum-fueled engines. Biodiesel, which is made from renewable sources, consists of the simple alkyl esters of fatty acids. As a future prospective fuel, biodiesel has to compete economically with petroleum diesel fuels. A two-step transesterification process (Sequential esterification and transesterification process) was used to prepare methyl ester (biodiesel) from high free fatty acid (FFA) content oils. For the yield of high FFA, two-step acid-base catalyzed method has been developed which consists of acid-catalyzed pretreatment/esterification step to reduce the FFA to less than 1% using H2SO4 as an acid catalyst and transesterification of pretreated oil to biodiesel using alkali catalyst. In the present study, the main focus is being placed to explore the non-edible oil resources like Used Cooking Oil (UCO), Cottonseed oil, Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, Neem(Azadirachta indica) oil as a potential source for biodiesel. Experimental results from enzyme (lipase) catalyzed method for selected oils using influencing parameters such as reaction time and catalyst weight, experimental results from acid-alkaline catalyzed methods using common influencing parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, reaction temperature and reaction time for above-mentioned oils were compared using batch mode. Methyl ester (biodiesel) yield range of 66.20-71.6% was attained for an enzyme-catalyzed method, whereas for acid-alkaline the yield range was 84.4-91.6%. This gives the indication of further refinement in the enzyme-catalyzed transesterification process. However, enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production has some limitations especially when implemented in industrial scale because of the high cost of enzyme, low reaction rate and enzyme deactivation. As the catalyst, an enzyme is restricted to rigorous reaction condition and the activity loss of lipase. The influencing parameters and absolute results of the analysis give the impression of the superiority of acid-alkaline transesterification method for methyl ester production. In this study, we have selected Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME) and Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) among the methyl esters of four oils.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Vegetable Oil and Emulsions for Use as Fuels in Diesel Engines by : F. Kiannejad
Download or read book Assessment of Vegetable Oil and Emulsions for Use as Fuels in Diesel Engines written by F. Kiannejad and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SVO written by Forest Gregg and published by New Society Publishers. This book was released on 2013-10-18 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel your diesel engine with vegetable oil!
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
