Evaluating the Relationship Between Local Food Availability and Wetland Landscape Structure in Determining Dabbling Duck Habitat Use During Spring Migration

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Total Pages : 167 pages
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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Relationship Between Local Food Availability and Wetland Landscape Structure in Determining Dabbling Duck Habitat Use During Spring Migration by : Travis John Schepker

Download or read book Evaluating the Relationship Between Local Food Availability and Wetland Landscape Structure in Determining Dabbling Duck Habitat Use During Spring Migration written by Travis John Schepker and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetlands in the Nebraska's Rainwater Basin (RWB) have decreased by 90[percent] over the past two centuries and are subject to on-going degradation of quality from urban and agricultural land-use practices. Losses in wetland habitat quantity and quality are important because the RWB serves as a critical spring staging area to [approx]7 million dabbling ducks, including approximately 50[percent] of North America's mid-continent mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) population, and 30[percent] of North America's total Northern pintail (A. acuta) population. During spring, waterfowl depend on wetland habitat for aquatic invertebrates and plant materials to accumulate the energy and protein needed to complete migration and initiate egg production. If demands for quality food resources are not met, waterfowl may arrive at breeding grounds in poorer body condition, and consequently be less likely to achieve reproductive success. This cross-seasonal effect is believed to be driven by excessive habitat loss at mid-latitudes, introduction of invasive plant species, and depletion of food resources by fall migrants. Given the importance of food resource acquisition at mid-latitude stopover sites and subsequent effects on recruitment, the goal of this study was to improve understanding of food resource availability in wetlands and the relationship to habitat use by spring-migrating waterfowl. I conducted weekly waterfowl surveys and quantified local habitat characteristics including seed density (kg/ha), invertebrate density (kg/ha), energy derived from food resources (kcal/ha), water depth, wetland area, vegetative cover, and several water quality parameters at 32 wetlands in spring 2014 and 35 wetlands in spring 2015. Additionally, I quantified wetland habitat surrounding each study site by assessing wetland area and number of wetlands ([greater than]1ha) within 2.5km and 5km of a study site. Study sites were located on public lands managed by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, private conservation easement lands enrolled in the Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), and on private lands managed for agriculture (cropped and non-cropped). A set of species distribution models were developed to explain spring dabbling duck density and species richness in the RWB. I hypothesized that a combination of local (food density, energy, water depth, wetland area, and vegetative cover) and landscape variables would explain the greatest amount of variability in dabbling duck density. In 2014 (a dry year), energy, seed density, water depth, wetland area, and wetland density in the surrounding landscape were positively associated with dabbling duck density; however, invertebrate density and vegetative cover had no influence on dabbling duck density. In 2015 (wet year), seed density and energy were positively associated with dabbling duck density; however, water depth, wetland area, vegetative cover, invertebrate density, and wetland area in the surrounding landscape had no influence on dabbling duck density. Wetland area and water depth were the only useful explanatory variables for explaining species richness in 2014, whereas in 2015 dabbling duck species richness was best explained by wetland area and vegetative cover. I used non-parametric analyses to compare seed density, and true metabolizable energy (TME) at three wetland types; public, WRP, and cropped wetlands. Seed density did not vary among wetland types in 2014 or 2015. Median seed density estimates during both years at public, WRP, and cropped wetlands were 593kg/ha ([x bar] = 621kg/ha), 561kg/ha ([x bar] = 566kg/ha), and 419kg/ha ([x bar] = 608kg/ha) respectively. Seed density was consistent between years for public and WRP wetlands, but varied between years for cropped units (p [less than] 0.05). Variation in seed density between years at cropped wetlands was likely influenced by the presence/absence of agricultural waste grains. Cumulative TME varied among wetland type in 2014 and 2015, with greater TME at cropped wetlands (median = 2431kcal/kg) than public (median = 1740kcal/kg) and WRP wetlands (median = 1781kcal/kg), however TME did not differ between WRP and public wetlands. TME was consistent among wetland types between 2014 and 2015. Seed density estimates from this study were statistically greater than estimates currently used for management planning in the RWB, however, TME estimates were statistically less than estimates currently assumed for WRP and public wetlands in the region. My estimates for mean aquatic invertebrate density were approximately 40-fold less than estimates for mean seed density. Benthic communities accounted for 68[percent] of the total invertebrate density, however invertebrate diversity was greater in nektonic communities. Neonicotinoid synthetic insecticides are believed to have a deleterious effect on aquatic invertebrate communities in agricultural areas, although their occurrence in RWB wetlands were previously unknown. I detected trace levels of neonicotinoids in 92[percent] of water samples collected in wetlands sampled in the RWB during the spring of 2015. I predicted a relatively high detection rate given the intensity of row crop production in the region, though concentrations were lower than expected. Concentrations at 26 wetlands sampled fell below toxicity benchmarks proposed by the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines, and only 11[percent] of wetlands sampled had concentrations exceeding the most conservative benchmark proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Neonicotinoids concentrations were minimal at wetlands with vegetative buffers strips [greater than or equal to]50m between a wetland and a cropped field, relative to wetlands with vegetative buffers strips [less than]50m. Although neonicotinoid levels were below lethal concentrations for all aquatic invertebrates identified in this study, I observed a negative association between neonicotinoid concentrations and aquatic invertebrate density (g/m[superscript 2]).

Effect of Habitat Management on Dabbling Ducks During Spring Migration in Southwestern Indiana

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Effect of Habitat Management on Dabbling Ducks During Spring Migration in Southwestern Indiana by : John Michael Lindstrom

Download or read book Effect of Habitat Management on Dabbling Ducks During Spring Migration in Southwestern Indiana written by John Michael Lindstrom and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, management for migratory waterfowl was focused around providing hunting opportunity each fall. More recently habitat during spring migration has received attention as a potentially limiting factor for some species of waterfowl, considering the carry-over effects that have been observed in both capital and income breeders. Habitat needs have been compounded by the flashy flood events that now occur in the highly modified landscape. The discovery of carry-over effects has led to an increase in habitat management actions and a diversification of available management strategies. In my study I hoped to identify the best management strategies for spring migratory waterfowl. I also wanted to identify how quickly waterfowl can respond to flood events. In 2012 and 2013, I examined the effect of habitat management on dabbling duck behavior and distribution during spring migration in southwest Indiana. I investigated three management options for wetlands: active management, passive management, and agricultural food plots. Actively managed wetlands are wetlands where the hydrology is managed and controlled. In passively managed wetlands and agricultural food plots; the hydrology is provided naturally. I surveyed both duck behavior and abundance on 14 wetlands on the Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge and Management Area. I also surveyed short-lived wetlands to determine the response rate of waterfowl to inundation following rain events. The agricultural food plot areas had the lowest estimates of food availability followed by the actively managed areas with the passive managed wetlands having the highest estimate. Waterfowl abundances were highest on the actively managed wetlands with the food plots coming in second and the passive wetlands coming in a distant third. The passive wetlands had the highest proportions of time spent feeding followed by the active and food plot wetlands. Dabbling ducks were not distributing themselves relative to food density but are feeding in the highest proportions in these areas. Waterfowl use was recorded less than 24 hours after inundation on 14 of 21 short-lived wetlands. Short-lived wetlands may be important to migratory waterfowl. Conservation prioritization of passively managed areas would provide larger areas for dabbling ducks to feed, but active management provides habitat regardless of climatic variability. Moving forward, wetland complexes encompassing diverse wetland management approaches would be the best option for spring migrating waterfowl as these complexes can provide high quality habitats and buffer against uncontrollable climactic conditions.

Waterfowl Management Handbook

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Waterfowl Management Handbook by : James Kent Ringelman

Download or read book Waterfowl Management Handbook written by James Kent Ringelman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wetland Habitat Use, Protein Sources for Reproduction, and Nest Habitat Selection by Sea Ducks Facing Rapid Change in the Alaskan Arctic

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetland Habitat Use, Protein Sources for Reproduction, and Nest Habitat Selection by Sea Ducks Facing Rapid Change in the Alaskan Arctic by : Micah W. C. Miller

Download or read book Wetland Habitat Use, Protein Sources for Reproduction, and Nest Habitat Selection by Sea Ducks Facing Rapid Change in the Alaskan Arctic written by Micah W. C. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migratory animals face numerous challenges that are often exacerbated by climate change. In the Arctic, where climate change is occurring at 4x the average global rate, species must adapt rapidly to novel conditions. I studied four species of sea ducks (Long-tailed Ducks Clangula hyemalis and Steller's Polysticta stelleri, Spectacled Somateria fischeri, and King Eiders S. spectabilis), of which Steller's and Spectacled Eiders are federally Threatened, and all are well below historic population sizes. I conducted three studies to assess how female sea ducks interact with their habitats between arrival on the breeding grounds and nesting. First, I assessed patterns of occurrence within diverse tundra wetland types by female sea ducks, in relation to three metrics of wetland resource availability: wetland surface area and biomass in benthic cores and emergent sweeps separately. I also monitored activity budgets of female sea ducks. Wetlands containing the emergent grass Arctophila fulva were highly selected for by all species relative to the wetland surface area and biomasses of prey, while large lakes, streams, and wetlands lacking Arctophila were avoided. Most time was allocated towards foraging or loafing, emphasizing the importance of energy acquisition during this transitional time period following migration and prior to nesting. Wetlands selected for broadly across species are under threat as climate change reduces the prevalence of these wetland types on the landscape, requiring adaptation to such novel conditions. My second study assessed how sea ducks rely upon prey resources within tundra wetlands, and upon stored tissues acquired in marine habitats. Female sea ducks must both produce eggs and sustain themselves throughout a ~30-day period from egg-laying through hatch, with potentially different nutrient sources for each aspect of the reproductive process. I sampled stable isotopes of proteins in egg membranes (reproductive endpoint) and in red blood cells (body maintenance endpoint), which I modeled relative to stable isotopes in a suite of prey taxa from freshwater tundra ponds and marine habitats. Across all four species, most proteins came from tundra wetlands (≥ 89% of modeled protein sources) for egg production. Smaller-bodied long-tailed Ducks and Steller's Eiders relied heavily on the local environment for body maintenance and survival (red blood cells) during incubation, but larger Spectacled and King Eiders only gained ~60% of proteins locally, relying on the remaining 40% from body tissues acquired previously from marine habitats. Local wetlands provided 60-99% of proteins for female sea ducks. Freshwater habitats in which sea ducks forage warrant protection, and conservation for some species requires interagency cooperation across tundra, freshwater wetlands, and marine habitats. My third study assessed patterns of nest site selection across species, years, and spatial scales. How females choose nest sites has major implications for population processes. Decisions integrate information across spatial scales for each component of habitat a hen considers. I used boosted regression trees (a machine learning technique) to model suitability of nesting habitat for 414 variables of habitat features at six spatial scales. Social association with other ducks were highly important in determining suitability. Suitable habitat varied spatiotemporally among species, but the relative amount of suitable habitat was consistent across years for each species. Conservation for suitable habitat must include broad areas to incorporate interannual variability. Through these three studies, I assessed the relative use of; importance of; and reliance upon various wetland types, the relative importance of marine versus freshwater nutrients for reproduction, and the factors driving nest site selection in a guild of sea ducks facing imminent climate change.

Evaluations of Duck Habitat and Estimation of Duck Population Sizes with a Remote-sensing-based System

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluations of Duck Habitat and Estimation of Duck Population Sizes with a Remote-sensing-based System by : Lewis M. Cowardin

Download or read book Evaluations of Duck Habitat and Estimation of Duck Population Sizes with a Remote-sensing-based System written by Lewis M. Cowardin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During 1987-90 high-altitude photography, aerial videography, counts, and models to estimate sizes of breeding populations of dabbling ducks and duck production and to identify duck habitat on U.S. fish and Wildlife Service land and easements and on private land in the prairie pothole region of the United States.

Habitat Use and Response to Wetland Management Practices of Non-breeding Dabbling Ducks in Western Tennessee

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Habitat Use and Response to Wetland Management Practices of Non-breeding Dabbling Ducks in Western Tennessee by : Matthew Doddridge McClanahan

Download or read book Habitat Use and Response to Wetland Management Practices of Non-breeding Dabbling Ducks in Western Tennessee written by Matthew Doddridge McClanahan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western Tennessee is an important area for non-breeding waterfowl in the Mississippi Flyway, including over 40% of the Mississippi Flyway population of American black ducks (Anas rubripes, hereafter black ducks), a species in decline. Information is lacking on waterfowl community ecology in the region, and managers must identify key habitats and consider functional use and potential predictors of resource use by non-breeding communities. Impacts of wetland management practices, such as moist-soil disking and subsequent planting of desirable grasses (i.e., Japanese millet [Echinochloa frumentacea], hereafter millet), must also be tested relative to impacts on waterfowl use and habitat quality. During winters 2011-2013 (November-February), I estimated food densities, diurnal habitat use, activities, and potential predictors of use of dabbling ducks (Anatini) at the Duck River Unit of Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge and Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge in western Tennessee, and I interpreted patterns relative to black ducks observed in concurrent studies (Chapter II). I also estimated autumn vegetation response, dabbling duck use and activities, and food densities in moist-soil wetland plots disked and planted with millet (Chapter III). Dabbling ducks primarily used moist-soil areas, and foraging was the dominant activity. Mudflats and scrub-shrub areas were also used as foraging areas. Habitat use was positively correlated with increasing emergent cover and energetic carrying capacity and was negatively correlated with increasing water depth. Black ducks occurred with other Anatini species in each habitat type, especially in moist-soil and scrub-shrub areas. Food densities were initially greatest in moist-soil areas, but foods declined rapidly. Vegetation was taller and percent cover of desirable species greater in un-manipulated than disked wetland plots, but duck use and food densities did not differ between treatments. Foraging was more frequently observed in disked than un-manipulated plots. Disking and millet planting did not improve wetland use by black ducks. My results suggest that managers should provide a complex of natural wetland types to accommodate non-breeding dabbling duck communities in western Tennessee. Disking and millet planting should not be used to improve moist-soil wetlands for black ducks, and other wetland manipulation techniques should be investigated.

Habitat Use and Nesting Success of Dabbling Ducks in Western New York Grasslands

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Habitat Use and Nesting Success of Dabbling Ducks in Western New York Grasslands by : Bridgett L. Estel

Download or read book Habitat Use and Nesting Success of Dabbling Ducks in Western New York Grasslands written by Bridgett L. Estel and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted in western New York during the 1987 and 1988 waterfowl breeding seasons to identify locally nesting dabbling duck species, document key nesting habitats, and estimate nest success rates (NSR). Data were collected within a 7,963 ha area on the Iroquois National Wildlife Refuge and state- owned Oak Orchard and Tonawanda Wildlife Management Areas. Systematic nest searches were done in 4 grassland cover types: planted grassland, naturally seeded grassland, reverted cropland, and rights-of-way. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)and blue-winged teal (A. discors) were the predominant nesting species, comprising 39% and 53% respectively of the 338 nests found in grasslands. The overall nest success rate for mallards was .09 and the NSR for blue-winged teal averaged .21. Mallard nesting attempts were most successful in planted grassland (NSR = .28) and naturally seeded grassland (.11) and least successful in rights-of-way (1%) and reverted cropland (3%). Planted grasslands.

Evaluation of Waterfowl Habitat and Spring Food Selection by Mallard and Lesser Scaup on the Swan Lake, Illinois Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Waterfowl Habitat and Spring Food Selection by Mallard and Lesser Scaup on the Swan Lake, Illinois Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project by : Randolph V. Smith

Download or read book Evaluation of Waterfowl Habitat and Spring Food Selection by Mallard and Lesser Scaup on the Swan Lake, Illinois Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project written by Randolph V. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropogenic degradation of the Illinois River lead to the rehabilitation of Swan Lake, an associated backwater wetland. I evaluated the success of the rehabilitation in providing habitat for migratory waterfowl. Waterfowl abundance and the percent of time ducks spent feeding on Swan Lake increased from pre- to post-rehabilitation, indicating improved habitat quality. Spring migration is a critical period of the annual cycle for waterfowl, yet nutritional requirements and food selection during this period are not well understood. Therefore, I determined the diet of mallards ( Anas platyrhynchos ) and lesser scaup ( Aythya affinis ) during spring migration. Mallards and lesser scaup fed on moist-soil plant seeds and aquatic invertebrates. Comparison of diet to habitat samples suggests selection of seeds by mallards and scaup. My results indicate that management maximizing moist-soil plant seed production may provide a high quality food source during most periods of the annual cycle that ducks use these wetlands.

Seasonal Food Availability for Wintering and Migrating Dabbling Ducks and Its Implications for Management at the Hackensack Meadowlands of New Jersey

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Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549411680
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Seasonal Food Availability for Wintering and Migrating Dabbling Ducks and Its Implications for Management at the Hackensack Meadowlands of New Jersey by : Matthew T. DiBona

Download or read book Seasonal Food Availability for Wintering and Migrating Dabbling Ducks and Its Implications for Management at the Hackensack Meadowlands of New Jersey written by Matthew T. DiBona and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetland loss and degradation in the Northeast has been especially severe and the ability of remaining wetland resources, heavily impacted by human populations, to support wintering and migrating waterfowl needs to be assessed. I conducted a food availability study in the Hackensack Meadowlands, New Jersey, to estimate available food biomass and duck use-days for dabbling ducks in tidally-influenced (tidal) and tidally-restricted (restricted) wetlands. I sampled invertebrates, seeds, roots and tubers, and vegetation in waterfowl-focused microhabitats during fall, winter, and spring in 2005-2006. Food availability was greater in tidal sites than restricted sites for all seasons (P

American Black Duck Wintering Dynamics and Dabbling Duck Response to Herbicide Application in Western Tennessee Wetlands

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis American Black Duck Wintering Dynamics and Dabbling Duck Response to Herbicide Application in Western Tennessee Wetlands by : Joshua Matthew Osborn

Download or read book American Black Duck Wintering Dynamics and Dabbling Duck Response to Herbicide Application in Western Tennessee Wetlands written by Joshua Matthew Osborn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American black duck (Anas rubripes) populations declined throughout North America in the late 20th century. Although the breeding population has since stabilized, research investigating habitat use by black ducks in the Mississippi Flyway is scarce. Impacts of wetland management practices in response to invasive species must also be tested to measure responses to habitat quality by black ducks and other waterfowl. During winters 2011-2013 (December-February), I estimated food biomass, diurnal habitat use, and activities of black ducks in 6 cover types at the Duck River Unit of Tennessee National Wildlife Refuge and Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuge in western Tennessee. I also evaluated vegetation response, dabbling duck use and activities, and food biomass in moist-soil wetland plots containing alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) treated with imazapyr. Black ducks were most common in scrub-shrub wetlands, where locomotion and resting behaviors were dominant activities. Although highly variable, black duck use was also high in unharvested, flooded corn. Moist-soil wetlands and mudflats were important foraging substrates, but black duck use in these areas were not equivocal to use in scrub-shrub. Greatest food biomass occurred in moist-soil wetlands compared to other cover types. However, black ducks appeared to select sites with lesser, but consistent food densities throughout winter. Waterfowl use, behavior, and food biomass did not differ between control and treatment plots. Reductions of alligatorweed with imazapyr in moist-soil wetlands did not improve use of those sites by black ducks perhaps due to a lack of shrub cover. My results suggest cumulative life-history strategies likely influence habitat use by wintering American black ducks. Managers should provide foraging areas proximate to scrub-shrub wetlands to benefit black ducks in western Tennessee. Flooded agriculture at TNWR and CCNWR could facilitate interactions and consequently hybridization potential between mallards and black ducks. Managers should reduce flooded corn acreage and restore scrub-shrub wetlands amidst early succession emergent wetlands. Imazapyr treatment should not replace current management strategies in moist-soil wetlands (i.e., rotational disking, disking with supplemental planting, prescribed burning), but may be used to control invasive plant species as needed without negative implications on food resources for wintering waterfowl during treatment years.

Duck Use and Energetic Carrying Capacity of Actively and Passively Managed Wetlands in Ohio During Autumn and Spring Migration

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (754 download)

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Book Synopsis Duck Use and Energetic Carrying Capacity of Actively and Passively Managed Wetlands in Ohio During Autumn and Spring Migration by : Michael Golden Brasher

Download or read book Duck Use and Energetic Carrying Capacity of Actively and Passively Managed Wetlands in Ohio During Autumn and Spring Migration written by Michael Golden Brasher and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Foraging Behavior of Ducks During Spring Migration in the Wabash River Region, Illinois

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Foraging Behavior of Ducks During Spring Migration in the Wabash River Region, Illinois by : Adam Christopher Behney

Download or read book Foraging Behavior of Ducks During Spring Migration in the Wabash River Region, Illinois written by Adam Christopher Behney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategies animals use to find and consume food in the face of conflicting forces such as competition and predation are central questions in the fields of ecological theory and management. Whereas theoretical models abound, proper empirical tests of these theories are less abundant. In studying the relationship between food abundance, predation risk, and competition there exists an array of confounding factors, which need to be accounted for by manipulating some aspect of the system. I used a guild of spring migratory ducks as a model system and manipulated food abundance in areas differing in presumed risk to assess the relative effects of food abundance, predation risk, competition, and life history characteristics on foraging strategies used by ducks. Using a randomized block design, I established a pair of 0.4 ha plots (block) in emergent, open water, and forested wetlands in the Wabash River Floodplain in eastern Illinois. I randomly selected one plot within each block to supplement with 2000 kg/ha of corn ( Zea mays ), creating an area of very high duck food abundance next to a control area with no added food. I conducted instantaneous focal animal samples and used video recorders to estimate the proportion of time mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos ), blue-winged teal (Anas discors ), wood duck (Aix sponsa ), ring-necked duck (Aythya collaris ), and lesser scaup (Aythya affinis ) devoted to feeding, identify the specific behaviors used, and estimate feeding stint lengths and frequencies. I used these metrics as an index of risk that ducks were willing to engage in for a known food reward. I predicted that species with a faster life history strategy, factors that increase perceived predation risk (cover, water depth, group size), and increase energetic demand (due to nesting or temperature), would elicit more risk-taking behaviors in ducks. This would be realized by an increase in the proportion of time spent feeding, longer feeding durations, and deeper feeding behaviors in treatment plots compared with control plots. Consistent with my life history prediction, species with a faster life history strategy were willing to engage in more risky behavior (feeding more) for a greater food reward (food treatment). Mallards, lesser scaup, and wood ducks exhibited risk-taking behavior consistent with perceived predation risk. Mallards devoted more time to feeding and used longer feeding stints when in areas with less cover. Alternatively, lesser scaup devoted more time to feeding when in areas of more cover. Wood ducks devoted more time to feeding in treatment plots, when in shallow areas, and larger flocks. When blue-winged teal fed on the surface (eyes above water), they devoted more overall time to feeding indicating that surface feeding is less risky than deeper feeding. Wood ducks and lesser scaup exhibited behavior consistent with an increase in energetic demand as observed by an increase in the proportion of time devoted to feeding later in the spring. I also examined how food abundance influenced aspects of ducks' foraging niches. I found that dabbling ducks used a greater variety of behaviors (behavior niche breadth) when in treatment plots compared to control plots and also shifted to slightly deeper feeding behaviors in treatment plots. This greater breadth when food was more abundant was due to individuals of the same species diverging from one another, rather than each individual using a broader array of behaviors. Overall, I found substantial variability among and within species in how they manage risk while foraging, although this was partially explained by life history theory, and what types of conditions they perceive as risky. I document the importance of taking the state of the forager (life history, perceived risk, energetic demand) into account when examining patterns of risk-taking.

Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States by : U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Download or read book Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Report

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Report by : Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit

Download or read book Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Report written by Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America

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Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421408082
Total Pages : 1183 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America by : Guy Baldassarre

Download or read book Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America written by Guy Baldassarre and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2014-11-15 with total page 1183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best-selling and authoritative reference book on waterfowl has been fully revised and updated by one of the world’s most respected waterfowl biologists. Honorable Mention for the PROSE Award for Excellence, Multivolume/Science of the Association of American Publishers Ducks, Geese, and Swans of North America has been hailed as a classic since the first edition was published in 1942. A must-have for professional biologists, birders, waterfowl hunters, decoy collectors, and wildlife managers, this fully revised and updated edition provides definitive information on the continent's forty-six species. Maps of both winter and breeding ranges are presented with stunning images by top waterfowl photographers and the acclaimed original artwork of Robert W. (Bob) Hines. Originally authored by F. H. Kortright and later revised by Frank Bellrose, this latest edition, which has been meticulously updated by renowned waterfowl biologist Guy Baldassarre, continues the legacy of esteemed authors. Each species account contains in-depth sections on: • identification • distribution • migration behavior • habitat • population status • breeding biology • rearing of young • recruitment and survival • food habits and feeding ecology • molts and plumages • conservation and management To facilitate identification, the species accounts also include detailed illustrations of wings. An appendix contains comparative illustrations of ducklings, goslings, and cygnets. This edition of Ducks, Geese, and Swans consists of two volumes, printed in full color, and packaged in a slipcase, along with a CD containing references and additional maps.

A Physiological Assessment of Wetland Habitats for Spring-migrating Ducks in the Agricultural Landscapes of the Southern Prairie Pothole Region

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis A Physiological Assessment of Wetland Habitats for Spring-migrating Ducks in the Agricultural Landscapes of the Southern Prairie Pothole Region by : Adam K. Janke

Download or read book A Physiological Assessment of Wetland Habitats for Spring-migrating Ducks in the Agricultural Landscapes of the Southern Prairie Pothole Region written by Adam K. Janke and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fish and Wildlife Research

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Fish and Wildlife Research by :

Download or read book Fish and Wildlife Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: