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Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Regulatory And Warning Signs On Driver Behavior Near Highway Rail Crossings
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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regulatory and Warning Signs on Driver Behavior Near Highway/rail Crossings by : Julius Codjoe
Download or read book Evaluating the Effectiveness of Regulatory and Warning Signs on Driver Behavior Near Highway/rail Crossings written by Julius Codjoe and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Traffic Control Devices and Driver Distraction on Driver Behavior at Railway-highway Grade Crossings by : Radhameris A. Gomez Gabriel
Download or read book An Evaluation of Traffic Control Devices and Driver Distraction on Driver Behavior at Railway-highway Grade Crossings written by Radhameris A. Gomez Gabriel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At-grade crossings (grade crossings) are those crossings in which any part of a roadway intersects with railroad tracks. Safety at these railroad-highway grade crossings is a major concern, with traffic control warning devices serving as the main mechanisms for improving safety. There are three factors that influence a driver's behavior at a given crossing. First, traffic control devices, including warning devices at the railroad-highway grade crossings, provide the driver with information whose impact will depend in part on the likelihood that the driver knows whether to glance in the direction of the device based on prior experience, and in part on what the driver understands the warning device to mean. Second, assuming that the driver identifies the warning, the driver's prior knowledge influences his or her expectancy regarding various railroad-highway grade crossing situations and, therefore, the way in which the driver responds to the hazard presented by the crossing. Finally, the driver's own physiological (e.g., impaired) and psychological (e.g., distracted) state will modify the role that conspicuity and expectancy have on the driver's behavior. This dissertation centers on the impact of distraction and the effect of traffic control and warning devices have on stopping behavior and glance behaviors at non-gated railroad-highway grade crossings and studies a possible countermeasure which when combined with traffic control and warning devices can mitigate the effects of distraction due to less than optimal glance patterns. Two driving simulator experiments were conducted that arguably targeted the most critical need, in particular the need to identify the role that distraction has on the effectiveness of traffic control and warning devices at grade crossings. Ninety-nine participants were evaluated across two driving simulator experiments. For the first experiment, the role distraction plays in reducing the benefit of crossbuck and flashing lights was analyzed. Participants either engaged in a distracting task or did not engage. The secondary tasks included a mock cell phone conversation or an in-vehicle task where the participant driver was asked to change the radio station. The first experiment showed participants in all groups had trouble navigating the grade crossing environment thus pointing to the need to evaluate supplementary treatments which may benefit driver behavior at these crossings. The second simulator experiment evaluated the impact of the dynamic envelope pavement markings on driver glance pattern and behavior as they approached grade crossings while drivers also performed a distracting or non-distracting task. Results show that the addition of these markings can alert drivers of the presence of a grade crossing with anticipation, and as a result induce drivers to glance more and potentially stop in higher proportions than when the markings are not present.
Book Synopsis Driver Behavior at Rail-highway Crossings. Final Report by : Neil Lerner
Download or read book Driver Behavior at Rail-highway Crossings. Final Report written by Neil Lerner and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Driver Behavior Analysis at Highway-rail Grade Crossings Using Field Operational Test Data--light Vehicles, Final Report by : Tashi Ngamdung
Download or read book Driver Behavior Analysis at Highway-rail Grade Crossings Using Field Operational Test Data--light Vehicles, Final Report written by Tashi Ngamdung and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract: The U. S. Department of Transportation's (U.S. DOT) Research and Innovative Technology Administration's (RITA) John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), under the direction of the U.S. DOT Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development (R&D), conducted a research study focused on collecting and analyzing data related to driver behavior at or on approach to highway-rail grade crossings. Volpe Center reviewed and coded 4,215 grade crossing events involving light vehicle drivers collected during a recent field operational test of vehicle safety systems. The data collected for reach grade crossing included information about drivers' activities, driver and vehicle performance, driving environment, and vehicle location at or on approach to highway-rail grade crossings. / One of the findings of the data analysis was that, on average, drivers were likely to engage in secondary tasks 46.7 percent of the time. Additionally, results showed that drivers failed to look either left or right on approach to passive grade crossings approximately 35 percent of the time. The ultimate objective of this research study is to assess basic driver behavior at highway-rail grade crossings so as to identify potential driver education/awareness strategies that would best mitigate risky driver behavior at grade crossings."--Technical report documentation page.
Book Synopsis Traffic Control Devices, Visibility, and Railroad Grade Crossings by : National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board
Download or read book Traffic Control Devices, Visibility, and Railroad Grade Crossings written by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation Research Record 1495 contains the following papers: Effective use of variable message signs: Lessons learned through development of users' manuals; Motorist interpretation of yellow X and yellow diagonal arrow in freeway lane control signal array; Effects of pavement markings on driver behavior at freeway lane drop exits; Comparative study of advance warning signs at high speed signalized intersections; Evaluation of strobe lights in red lens of traffic signals; High-volume pedestrian crosswalk time requirements; Empirical analysis of traffic characteristics at two-way stop-controlled intersections in Alaska; Evaluation of proposed minimum retroreflectivity requirements for traffic signs; Detectability of pavement markings under stationary and dynamic conditions as a function of retroreflective brightness; Visibility of new yellow center stripes as a function of obliteration; Effects of lateral separation between double center-stripe pavement markings on visibility under nighttime driving conditions; Curve radius perception accuracy as function of number of delineation devices (Chevrons); Knowledge-based personal computer software package for applying and placing curve delineation devices; Visibility of new pavement markings at night under low-beam illumination; Loss of visibility distance caused by automobile windshields at night; Traffic sign reading distances and times during night driving; Yellow pavement markings with yellow nighttime color; Application of geographic information systems rail-highway grade crossing safety; Evaluation of accuracy of U.S. DOT rail-highway grade crossing accident prediction models.
Book Synopsis Field Evaluation of Innovative Active Warning Devices for Use at Railroad-highway Grade Crossings by : Kenneth W. Heathington
Download or read book Field Evaluation of Innovative Active Warning Devices for Use at Railroad-highway Grade Crossings written by Kenneth W. Heathington and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted to identify and evaluate innovative active warning devices with potential for improving safety at railroad-highway grade crossings. Candidate devices were identified and/or developed, and the most promising devices were evaluated in a detailed laboratory study. Three of the devices were chosen for field evaluation: (1) four-quadrant gates with skirts and flashing light signals; (2) four-quadrant flashing light signals with overhead strobes; and (3) highway traffic signals with white bar strobes in all red lenses. The report documents the methodology and results of the field evaluations, presents a summary of the research leading up to the field evaluations, and presents the results of benefit-cost analyses for the innovative devices and guidelines for their implementation.
Book Synopsis Experimental Design for Evaluating the Safety Benefits of Railroad Advance Warning Signs by : William D. Berg
Download or read book Experimental Design for Evaluating the Safety Benefits of Railroad Advance Warning Signs written by William D. Berg and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents the findings and conclusions of a study to develop an experimental design and analysis plan for field testing and evaluation of the accident reduction potential of a proposed new railroad grade crossing advance warning sign. Several alternative sampling frameworks were initially developed to determine which might offer the most efficient design in terms of required sample size. The cost of undertaking the field studies and analyses was then evaluated so that it could be compared to the expected value or utility of the information to be derived from the study. The results indicated that the proposed accident study would be both experimentally and economically impractical. It was therefore recommended that an accident study not be undertaken. Several policy options were then examined.
Author :U.s. Department of Transportation Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781494717094 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (17 download)
Book Synopsis Driver Behavior Analysis at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Using Field Operational Test Data Light Vehicles by : U.s. Department of Transportation
Download or read book Driver Behavior Analysis at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Using Field Operational Test Data Light Vehicles written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-01-21 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U. S. Department of Transportation's (U.S.DOT) Research and Innovative Technology Administration's (RITA) John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), under the direction of the U.S.DOT Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development (R&D), conducteda research study focused on collecting and analyzing data related to driver behavior at or on approach to highway-rail grade crossings.VolpeCenter reviewedand coded 4,215 grade crossing eventsinvolving light vehicle drivers collected during a recent field operational test of vehicle safety systems.The data collected for each grade crossing included informationabout drivers' activities, driver and vehicle performance, driving environment, and vehicle location at or on approach tohighway-rail grade crossings.
Author :U.s. Department of Transportation Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781723452888 Total Pages :52 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (528 download)
Book Synopsis Driver Behavior Analysis at Highway-rail Grade Crossings Using Field Operational Test Data by : U.s. Department of Transportation
Download or read book Driver Behavior Analysis at Highway-rail Grade Crossings Using Field Operational Test Data written by U.s. Department of Transportation and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driver behavior analysis at highway-rail grade crossings using field operational test data : heavy trucks /
Book Synopsis Investigating the Role of Driver Decision Styles in Highway-rail Crossing Accidents by : Najmedin Meshkati
Download or read book Investigating the Role of Driver Decision Styles in Highway-rail Crossing Accidents written by Najmedin Meshkati and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research was designed to take a closer look at the ways by which driver decision-making styles affect highway-rail crossing (HRC) accidents. That is, a simplistic approach of portraying human error, as the cause of most HRC accidents, needs to be augmented with a more complex theory of human decision-making process while performing driving tasks before and during a highway-rail intersection. Video and still photos were taken to identify the intersections appropriate for this study. The intersections were among many in the Los Angeles metro area with crossings that demanded certain driver maneuvers with potential accident consequences. Based on these selections, both field and laboratory experimental sessions were designed to study three sets of variables: driver decision styles, conditions in the intersection environment that could influence these decisions (environmental complexity) and the driver maneuvers to cross the intersection. The variable of distraction inside the crossing intersection was also studied using recall versus recognition tests. The parametric tests (analysis of variance) showed significant differences in the drivers' scores for the decision style variable. However, other variables showed no significant results. The same results were shown using the chi-square nonparametric test. These results showed that driver decision style is an important factor in the way drivers perceive and behave in highway-rail crossings. Further research was recommended to study the effect of each intersection design feature on driver behavior.
Book Synopsis Safety Evaluation of IdaShield Signs at Passive Railroad Crossings Using Crash Data Analysis, User Assessment Surveys, and Driving Simulation by : Alex S. Grover
Download or read book Safety Evaluation of IdaShield Signs at Passive Railroad Crossings Using Crash Data Analysis, User Assessment Surveys, and Driving Simulation written by Alex S. Grover and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluates the safety performance of the IdaShield experimental warning sign via crash data analysis, user assessment surveys, and driving simulation. Highway-rail crossing inventory and crash data from the Idaho Transportation Department and Federal Railroad Administration were used to develop a Safety Performance Function (SPF) for passive highway-rail crossings. A Highway Safety Manual Before/After Empirical Bayes analysis was performed using the SPF and revealed a significant decrease in crash frequency after the 1997-1998 IdaShield installations. This is the first study to develop a highway-rail crossing SPF and also use the SPF in the HSM Empirical Bayes method to evaluate the effectiveness of a sign treatment. A statistical comparison between nighttime and daytime crash frequency reduction due to IdaShield installations showed that the IdaShield performs notably better at nighttime relative to daytime. User assessment surveys and driving simulation revealed that drivers assign a "yield" meaning to the IdaShield.
Book Synopsis EVALUATION OF DRIVER BEHAVIOR AT HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS by :
Download or read book EVALUATION OF DRIVER BEHAVIOR AT HIGHWAY-RAILROAD GRADE CROSSINGS BASED ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND DRIVER DEMOGRAPHICS written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Although the total number of highway-railroad grade crossing (HRGC) accidents has significantly decreased in recent decades, they remain as one of the highest causes of injuries and fatalities in rail transportation. It is known that driver behavior is the leading cause for accidents at HRGCs, but there is less understanding on the reason for these inappropriate behaviors. This research uses the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS) data and a behavior scoring methodology developed at Michigan Technological University (Michigan Tech), to evaluate driver behavior when traversing HRGCs. More specifically, it uses a two-sample t-test to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in driver behavior based on weather condition, driver demographics (gender and age) and time of day. It also further divides the HRGCs to three subgroups based on the traffic control devices (TCD) and performs similar analysis for each subgroup. The research has identified that while statistically significant differences were absent in majority of the tested scenarios, they do exist between some of the compared categories. Especially, both male and female drivers received lower behavior scores during the night compared to the day and female drivers received lower behavior scores under rain and higher behavior scores in snow condition. In contrast to the researcher's expectation, the data did not show any significant difference in average behavior scores of male versus female drivers. When considering the impact of TCD types on driver behavior, it was found that except for the "snow" condition, there was very little variability between behavior scores under various weather conditions.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Selected Warning Signs at Skewed Railroad-highway Crossings by : Todd Collier
Download or read book Evaluation of Selected Warning Signs at Skewed Railroad-highway Crossings written by Todd Collier and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 1984 study by the Research Council recommended that advance warning signs be placed in advance of skewed railroad-highway grade crossings. Several signs were suggested for use, and the study reported here was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two of these signs. The study focused upon how well cyclists observed and understood the signs. Questionnaires were distributed to motorcylists in the Harrisonburg area, and interviews were conducted with bicyclists encountered on the campus of James Madison University. Both of the suggested signs were found to be effective, but one was superior and its use is recommended.
Book Synopsis Visibility; Work Zone Traffic Controls; Highway-rail Grade Crossings, 2014 by :
Download or read book Visibility; Work Zone Traffic Controls; Highway-rail Grade Crossings, 2014 written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Transportation Research Record (TRR): Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2458 consists of 14 papers that evaluate the safety of illuminance transition at highway tunnel portals on the basis of visual load; human perceptions of vehicle turning intention; and visual behavior of unfamiliar drivers on horizontal curves. This issue also explores a method for road lighting audits and safety screenings at urban intersections; a drivers' smart assistance system based on radio frequency identification; the impact of design and construction on quality, consistency, and safety of traffic control plans; impact of work zone lighting on driver's detection of objects; evaluation of cost-effectiveness of steady-burn warning lights in work zones. This TRR also analyzes the expected crash reduction benefits and costs of truck-mounted attenuators in work zones; lane bias issues in work zone travel time measurement and reporting; a photometric evaluation of steady-burn warning lights in work zones; human factors issues of accidents at passively controlled rural level crossings; train warning times and gate violations; and a dual microwave radar vehicle detection system at a four-quadrant-gate railroad grade crossing."--TRB Blurb.
Book Synopsis Safety of Highway-railroad Grade Crossings: Research Needs Workshop. Volume II: Appendices by : Anya A. Carroll
Download or read book Safety of Highway-railroad Grade Crossings: Research Needs Workshop. Volume II: Appendices written by Anya A. Carroll and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Stop Sign Installations at Highway-railroad Grade Crossings by :
Download or read book Effectiveness of Stop Sign Installations at Highway-railroad Grade Crossings written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The safety benefit of Stop-sign treatment employed at passive highway rail crossings has been a subject of research for many years. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and impacts of Stop-sign treatment on crossing safety. This research addresses safety at public highway-railroad grade crossings across the United States within a 26-year period of accident history for Crossbucks-only controlled crossings that were upgraded to Stop-sign control. This study utilized Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) accident data to investigate average accident frequency at crossings with the two different types of passive-crossing sign controls. The research database was created by locating and extracting records relevant to public crossings, excluding private, pedestrian, and grade-separated crossings. The research followed a three-part approach. The first part of the study used statistical analysis methods to evaluate accident frequencies for target crossings. Analysis of accident frequencies that occurred during both phases of installation history indicates that accidents were significantly lower during the Stop phase than during the Crossbucks-only phase. The second part of the research used logistic regression modeling to further evaluate accident risks and factors at these two types of passive railroad grade-crossing treatments. Results of the logistic regression were reported according to the main effect of various factors and variation of those factors. An analysis of covariance was performed between factors of statistically significant contribution. The third part of the research synthesized data into a set of models designed to predict safety performance of Stop signs and Crossbucks. Negative-binomial regression modeling was used to identify attributes and limits for which Stop signs showed superior safety benefits. This research concludes that Stop controls did lead to discernable reduction in the accident rate, particularly for the period since ISTEA (1991). Annual accident frequencies were significantly higher during the period when crossings were controlled by Crossbucks only.
Download or read book Rail-highway Crossing Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Action Plan presents a multi-faceted, multi-modal approach for improving safety at our nation's highway-rail crossings and for the prevention of trespassing on the rights-of-way of our nation's railroads. It is multi-faceted in that it presents enforcement, engineering, education, research, promotional and legislative initiatives addressing crossings of both light and conventional rail rights-of-way by public and private streets and highways. The objectives were to reduce the number of highway-rail crossing accidents and casualties while not impeding, but facilitating, the contribution potential of the highway and rail infrastructure on the nation's economy.
