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Evaluating Small Footprint Multiple Return Lidar To Identify Individual Tree Characteristics
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Book Synopsis Evaluating Small-footprint Multiple-return Lidar to Identify Individual Tree Characteristics by : Jason M. Stoker
Download or read book Evaluating Small-footprint Multiple-return Lidar to Identify Individual Tree Characteristics written by Jason M. Stoker and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Individual Tree Crown Delineation Using Multispectral LiDAR Data by : Faizaan Naveed
Download or read book Individual Tree Crown Delineation Using Multispectral LiDAR Data written by Faizaan Naveed and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, multispectral Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data were utilized to improve delineation of individual tree crowns (ITC) as an important step in individual tree analysis. A framework to integrate spectral and height information for ITC delineation was proposed, and the multi-scale algorithm for treetop detection developed in one of our previous studies was improved. In addition, an advanced region-based segmentation method that used detected treetops as seeds was proposed for segmentation of individual crowns based on their spectral, contextual, and height information.
Book Synopsis Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning by : Matti Maltamo
Download or read book Forestry Applications of Airborne Laser Scanning written by Matti Maltamo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airborne laser scanning (ALS) has emerged as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies to provide data for research and operational applications in a wide range of disciplines related to management of forest ecosystems. This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of the research and application of ALS in a broad range of forest-related disciplines, especially forest inventory and forest ecology. However, this book is more than just a collection of individual contributions – it consists of a well-composed blend of chapters dealing with fundamental methodological issues and contributions reviewing and illustrating the use of ALS within various domains of application. The reviews provide a comprehensive and unique overview of recent research and applications that researchers, students and practitioners in forest remote sensing and forest ecosystem assessment should consider as a useful reference text.
Book Synopsis Methods of Multivariate Analysis by : Alvin C. Rencher
Download or read book Methods of Multivariate Analysis written by Alvin C. Rencher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-04-14 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amstat News asked three review editors to rate their top five favorite books in the September 2003 issue. Methods of Multivariate Analysis was among those chosen. When measuring several variables on a complex experimental unit, it is often necessary to analyze the variables simultaneously, rather than isolate them and consider them individually. Multivariate analysis enables researchers to explore the joint performance of such variables and to determine the effect of each variable in the presence of the others. The Second Edition of Alvin Rencher's Methods of Multivariate Analysis provides students of all statistical backgrounds with both the fundamental and more sophisticated skills necessary to master the discipline. To illustrate multivariate applications, the author provides examples and exercises based on fifty-nine real data sets from a wide variety of scientific fields. Rencher takes a "methods" approach to his subject, with an emphasis on how students and practitioners can employ multivariate analysis in real-life situations. The Second Edition contains revised and updated chapters from the critically acclaimed First Edition as well as brand-new chapters on: Cluster analysis Multidimensional scaling Correspondence analysis Biplots Each chapter contains exercises, with corresponding answers and hints in the appendix, providing students the opportunity to test and extend their understanding of the subject. Methods of Multivariate Analysis provides an authoritative reference for statistics students as well as for practicing scientists and clinicians.
Book Synopsis Assessing the Accuracy of Lidar as a Forest Inventory Tool Using Individual Stem Identification and Attribution by : Luke Floch
Download or read book Assessing the Accuracy of Lidar as a Forest Inventory Tool Using Individual Stem Identification and Attribution written by Luke Floch and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lidar is fast becoming one of the most widely used and accurate remote sensing tools for forest inventory. The means by which the lidar data is used to accomplish these inventories varies greatly. This study examines the use of individual tree detection and attribution to assess various forest characteristics, along with testing two alternative methods of determining canopy cover from lidar. Individual stem detection was accomplished using a local maxima algorithm. The total number of stems detected by lidar was 6% lower than field tallied stems, with regression analysis yielding an R2 of 0.59 and RMSE of 188/ha. The difference in number of lidar versus field trees also differed by density. For those plots with a density greater than 600 trees/ha, the number of stems detected by lidar was 26% lower than field measured stems. For those plots with less than 600 trees/ha, lidar detected a much larger number of small stems (
Download or read book Biomass written by Miodrag Darko Matovic and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass has been an intimate companion of humans from the dawn of civilization to the present. Its use as food, energy source, body cover and as construction material established the key areas of biomass usage that extend to this day. Given the complexities of biomass as a source of multiple end products, this volume sheds new light to the whole spectrum of biomass related topics by highlighting the new and reviewing the existing methods of its detection, production and usage. We hope that the readers will find valuable information and exciting new material in its chapters.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies for Coastal Ecosystem Assessment and Management by : Xiaojun Yang
Download or read book Remote Sensing and Geospatial Technologies for Coastal Ecosystem Assessment and Management written by Xiaojun Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this landmark publication, leading experts detail how remote sensing and related geospatial technologies can be used for coastal ecosystem assessment and management. This book is divided into three major parts. In the first part several conceptual and technical issues of applying remote sensing and geospatial technologies in the coastal environment are examined. The second part showcases some of the latest developments in the use of remote sensing and geospatial technologies when characterizing coastal waters, submerged aquatic vegetation, benthic habitats, shorelines, coastal wetlands and watersheds. Finally, the last part demonstrates a watershed-wide synthetic approach that links upstream stressors with downstream responses for integrated coastal ecosystem assessment and management.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Urban Forest Environment Using Dense Discrete Return LiDAR and Aerial Color Imagery for Segmentation and Object-level Biomass Assessment by : Madhurima Bandyopadhyay
Download or read book Quantifying the Urban Forest Environment Using Dense Discrete Return LiDAR and Aerial Color Imagery for Segmentation and Object-level Biomass Assessment written by Madhurima Bandyopadhyay and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The urban forest is becoming increasingly important in the contexts of urban green space and recreation, carbon sequestration and emission offsets, and socio-economic impacts. In addition to aesthetic value, these green spaces remove airborne pollutants, preserve natural resources, and mitigate adverse climate changes, among other benefits. A great deal of attention recently has been paid to urban forest management. However, the comprehensive monitoring of urban vegetation for carbon sequestration and storage is an under-explored research area. Such an assessment of carbon stores often requires information at the individual tree level, necessitating the proper masking of vegetation from the built environment, as well as delineation of individual tree crowns. As an alternative to expensive and time-consuming manual surveys, remote sensing can be used effectively in characterizing the urban vegetation and man-made objects. Many studies in this field have made use of aerial and multispectral/hyperspectral imagery over cities. The emergence of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology, however, has provided new impetus to the effort of extracting objects and characterizing their 3D attributes - LiDAR has been used successfully to model buildings and urban trees. However, challenges remain when using such structural information only, and researchers have investigated the use of fusion-based approaches that combine LiDAR and aerial imagery to extract objects, thereby allowing the complementary characteristics of the two modalities to be utilized In this study, a fusion-based classification method was implemented between high spatial resolution aerial color (RGB) imagery and co-registered LiDAR point clouds to classify urban vegetation and buildings from other urban classes/cover types. Structural, as well as spectral features, were used in the classification method. These features included height, flatness, and the distribution of normal surface vectors from LiDAR data, along with a non-calibrated LiDAR-based vegetation index, derived from combining LiDAR intensity at 1064 nm with the red channel of the RGB imagery. This novel index was dubbed the LiDAR-infused difference vegetation index (LDVI). Classification results indicated good separation between buildings and vegetation, with an overall accuracy of 92% and a kappa statistic of 0.85. A multi-tiered delineation algorithm subsequently was developed to extract individual tree crowns from the identified tree clusters, followed by the application of species-independent biomass models based on LiDAR-derived tree attributes in regression analysis. These LiDAR-based biomass assessments were conducted for individual trees, as well as for clusters of trees, in cases where proper delineation of individual trees was impossible. The detection accuracy of the tree delineation algorithm was 70%. The LiDAR-derived biomass estimates were validated against allometry-based biomass estimates that were computed from field-measured tree data. It was found out that LiDAR-derived tree volume, area, and different distribution parameters of height (e.g., maximum height, mean of height) are important to model biomass. The best biomass model for the tree clusters and the individual trees showed an adjusted R-Squared value of 0.93 and 0.58, respectively. The results of this study showed that the developed fusion-based classification approach using LiDAR and aerial color (RGB) imagery is capable of producing good object detection accuracy. It was concluded that the LDVI can be used in vegetation detection and can act as a substitute for the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), when near-infrared multiband imagery is not available. Furthermore, the utility of LiDAR for characterizing the urban forest and associated biomass was proven. This work could have significant impact on the rapid and accurate assessment of urban green spaces and associated carbon monitoring and management."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Above Ground Biomass by : Lalit Kumar
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Above Ground Biomass written by Lalit Kumar and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Above ground biomass has been listed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as one of the five most prominent, visible, and dynamic terrestrial carbon pools. The increased awareness of the impacts of climate change has seen a burgeoning need to consistently assess carbon stocks to combat carbon sequestration. An accurate estimation of carbon stocks and an understanding of the carbon sources and sinks can aid the improvement and accuracy of carbon flux models, an important pre-requisite of climate change impact projections. Based on 15 research topics, this book demonstrates the role of remote sensing in quantifying above ground biomass (forest, grass, woodlands) across varying spatial and temporal scales. The innovative application areas of the book include algorithm development and implementation, accuracy assessment, scaling issues (local–regional–global biomass mapping), and the integration of microwaves (i.e. LiDAR), along with optical sensors, forest biomass mapping, rangeland productivity and abundance (grass biomass, density, cover), bush encroachment biomass, and seasonal and long-term biomass monitoring.
Book Synopsis Innovations in Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry by : Simon Jones
Download or read book Innovations in Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry written by Simon Jones and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing of our environment is becoming increasingly accessible and important in today’s society. This book aims to highlight some of the broad and multi-disciplinary applications, and emerging practices, that remote sensing and photogrammetric technologies lend themselves to. The papers have been selected from the 13th and 14th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry Conferences given by experts in remote sensing, spatial analysis and photogrammetry from across the Asia Pacific region. They are presented here as a collection of peer reviewed papers covering research into areas such as data fusion techniques and their applications in environmental monitoring, synoptic monitoring and data processing, terrestrial and marine applications of remote sensing, and photogrammetry.
Book Synopsis Tree and Terrain Measurements Using Small-footprint Multiple-return Airborne LIDAR Data from Mixed Douglas-fir Forest in the Pacific Northwest by : Neil Thomas Eggleston
Download or read book Tree and Terrain Measurements Using Small-footprint Multiple-return Airborne LIDAR Data from Mixed Douglas-fir Forest in the Pacific Northwest written by Neil Thomas Eggleston and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Examination of Airborne Discrete-return Lidar in Prediction and Identification of Unique Forest Attributes by : Brian M. Wing
Download or read book Examination of Airborne Discrete-return Lidar in Prediction and Identification of Unique Forest Attributes written by Brian M. Wing and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airborne discrete-return lidar is an active remote sensing technology capable of obtaining accurate, fine-resolution three-dimensional measurements over large areas. Discrete-return lidar data produce three-dimensional object characterizations in the form of point clouds defined by precise x, y and z coordinates. The data also provide intensity values for each point that help quantify the reflectance and surface properties of intersected objects. These data features have proven to be useful for the characterization of many important forest attributes, such as standing tree biomass, height, density, and canopy cover, with new applications for the data currently accelerating. This dissertation explores three new applications for airborne discrete-return lidar data. The first application uses lidar-derived metrics to predict understory vegetation cover, which has been a difficult metric to predict using traditional explanatory variables. A new airborne lidar-derived metric, understory lidar cover density, created by filtering understory lidar points using intensity values, increased the coefficient of variation (R2) from non-lidar understory vegetation cover estimation models from 0.2-0.45 to 0.7-0.8. The method presented in this chapter provides the ability to accurately quantify understory vegetation cover (± 22%) at fine spatial resolutions over entire landscapes within the interior ponderosa pine forest type. In the second application, a new method for quantifying and locating snags using airborne discrete-return lidar is presented. The importance of snags in forest ecosystems and the inherent difficulties associated with their quantification has been well documented. A new semi-automated method using both 2D and 3D local-area lidar point filters focused on individual point spatial location and intensity information is used to identify points associated with snags and eliminate points associated with live trees. The end result is a stem map of individual snags across the landscape with height estimates for each snag. The overall detection rate for snags DBH ≥ 38 cm was 70.6% (standard error: ± 2.7%), with low commission error rates. This information can be used to: analyze the spatial distribution of snags over entire landscapes, provide a better understanding of wildlife snag use dynamics, create accurate snag density estimates, and assess achievement and usefulness of snag stocking standard requirements. In the third application, live above-ground biomass prediction models are created using three separate sets of lidar-derived metrics. Models are then compared using both model selection statistics and cross-validation. The three sets of lidar-derived metrics used in the study were: 1) a 'traditional' set created using the entire plot point cloud, 2) a 'live-tree' set created using a plot point cloud where points associated with dead trees were removed, and 3) a 'vegetation-intensity' set created using a plot point cloud containing points meeting predetermined intensity value criteria. The models using live-tree lidar-derived metrics produced the best results, reducing prediction variability by 4.3% over the traditional set in plots containing filtered dead tree points. The methods developed and presented for all three applications displayed promise in prediction or identification of unique forest attributes, improving our ability to quantify and characterize understory vegetation cover, snags, and live above ground biomass. This information can be used to provide useful information for forest management decisions and improve our understanding of forest ecosystem dynamics. Intensity information was useful for filtering point clouds and identifying lidar points associated with unique forest attributes (e.g., understory components, live and dead trees). These intensity filtering methods provide an enhanced framework for analyzing airborne lidar data in forest ecosystem applications.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters by : Francisco Javier García-Haro
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters written by Francisco Javier García-Haro and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring of vegetation structure and functioning is critical to modeling terrestrial ecosystems and energy cycles. In particular, leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural property of vegetation used in many land surface vegetation, climate, and crop production models. Canopy structure (LAI, fCover, plant height, and biomass) and biochemical parameters (leaf pigmentation and water content) directly influence the radiative transfer process of sunlight in vegetation, determining the amount of radiation measured by passive sensors in the visible and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical remote sensing (RS) methods build relationships exploiting in situ measurements and/or as outputs of physical canopy radiative transfer models. The increased availability of passive (radar and LiDAR) RS data has fostered their use in many applications for the analysis of land surface properties and processes, thanks also to their insensitivity to weather conditions and the capability to exploit rich structural and textural information. Data fusion and multi-sensor integration techniques are pressing topics to fully exploit the information conveyed by both optical and microwave bands.
Book Synopsis Advances in Environmental Remote Sensing by : Qihao Weng
Download or read book Advances in Environmental Remote Sensing written by Qihao Weng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generating a satisfactory classification image from remote sensing data is not a straightforward task. Many factors contribute to this difficulty including the characteristics of a study area, availability of suitable remote sensing data, ancillary and ground reference data, proper use of variables and classification algorithms, and the analyst's e
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Remote Sensing by : Shunlin Liang
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Book Synopsis Lidar Remote Sensing Of Forest Canopy Structure by : Christopher Felix Hansen
Download or read book Lidar Remote Sensing Of Forest Canopy Structure written by Christopher Felix Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data can provide detailed information about three-dimensional forest horizontal and vertical structure that is important to forest productivity and wildlife habitat. Indeed, LiDAR data have been shown to provide accurate estimates to forest structural parameters and measures of higher trophic levels (e.g., avian abundance and diversity). However, links between forest structure and tree function have not been evaluated using LiDAR. This study was designed and scaled to assess the relationship of LiDAR to multiple aspects of forest structure and higher trophic levels (arthropod and bird populations), which included the ground-based collection of percent crown and understory closure, as well as arthropod and avian abundance and diversity data. Additional plot-based measures were added to assess the relationship of LiDAR to forest health and productivity. High-resolution discrete-return LiDAR data (flown summer of 2009) were acquired for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) in New Hampshire, USA. LiDAR data were classified into four canopy structural categories: 1) high crown and high understory closure, 2) high crown and low understory closure, 3) low crown and high understory closure, and 4) low crown and low understory closure. Nearby plots from each of the four LiDAR categories were grouped into "blocks" to assess the spatial consistency of data. Ground-based measures of forest canopy structure, site, stand and individual tree measures were collected on nine 50 m-plots from each LiDAR category (36 plots total), during summer of 2012. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationships between LiDAR and a suite of tree function measures. Our results show the novel ability of LiDAR to assess forest health and productivity at the stand and individual tree level. We found significant correspondence between LiDAR categories and our ground-based measures of tree function, including xylem increment growth, foliar nutrition, crown health, and stand mortality. Furthermore, we found consistent reductions in xylem increment growth, decreases in foliar nutrition and crown health, and increases in stand mortality related to high understory closure. This suggests that LiDAR measures can reflect competitive interactions, not just among overstory trees for light, but also interactions between overstory trees and understory vegetation for resources other than light (e.g., nutrients). High-resolution LiDAR data show promise in the assessment of forest health and productivity related to tree function.
Book Synopsis Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-07-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.
