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Author : Martin Burger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Evaluating Mitigation Options of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in California Cropping Systems written by Martin Burger and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William R. Horwath
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Baseline Nitrous Oxide Emissions in California Cropping Systems written by William R. Horwath and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taryn Lee Kennedy
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267238979
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Nitrous Oxide Emissions from California Tomato Cropping Systems Under Conventional and Alternative Management written by Taryn Lee Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primarily associated with soil fertility management practices, nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) whose emission from farmland is a concern for environmental quality and agricultural productivity. In California, agriculture and forestry account for 8% of the total GHG emissions, of which 50% is accounted for by N2O (CEC, 2005). Furrow irrigation and high temperatures in the Central Valley, together with conventional fertilization, are ideal for the production of food, but also N2O production. These conditions can promote N2O emissions, but also suggest great potential to reduce N2O emissions by optimizing fertilizer and irrigation management. Smaller, more frequent fertilizer applications increase the synchrony between available soil nitrogen (N) and crop N uptake and may result in less N loss to the atmosphere. Given that the ecosystem processes regulating the production of N2O respond to and interact with multiple factors influenced by environmental and managerial conditions, it is not always feasible to approach the study of integrated agricultural systems and their affect on GHG emissions by use of a factorial experiment alone. On-farm studies are therefore an important precursor to research station trials to determine which management practices and components of a complete management system should be targeted and isolated for future study. Farm-based trials also provide a realistic evaluation of current management practices subject to practical and economic constraints. The following study took place on existing farms in order to assess the effect of active, operational farm field conditions and current managements on GHG emissions and to thoroughly characterize two typical management systems. In this study, I determined how management practices, such as fertilization, irrigation, tillage, and harvest, affect direct N2O emissions in tomato cropping systems under two contrasting irrigation managements and their associated fertilizer application method, i.e. furrow irrigation and knife injection (conventional system) versus drip irrigation, reduced tillage, and fertigation (integrated system). Field sites were located on two farms in close proximity, on the same soil type, and were planted with the same crop cultivar. This project demonstrated that shifts in fertilizer and irrigation water management directly affect GHG emissions. More fertilizer was applied in the conventional system (237 kg N ha−1 growing season−1) than the integrated system (205 kg N ha−1 growing season−1). The amount of irrigated water was comparable between the two systems; 64 to 70 cm was applied in the conventional system and 64 cm in the integrated system. Total weighted growing season emissions were 3.4 times greater in the conventional system (2.39 ± 0.17 kg N2O-N ha−1) than the integrated system (0.58 ± 0.06 kg N2O-N ha−1), with a higher tomato yield in the integrated system (131 vs. 86 Mg ha−1). The highest conventional N2O emissions resulted from fertilization plus irrigation events and the first fall precipitation. In the integrated system, the highest N2O fluxes occurred following harvest and the first fall precipitation. Environmental parameters of soil moisture, soil mineral N, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were higher and more spatially variable in the conventional system. Reduced N2O emissions in the integrated system, resulting from low soil moisture, mineral N concentrations, and DOC levels, imply that improved fertilizer and water management strategies can be effective in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture.
Author : William R. Horwath
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Emissions in California's Dairy Systems written by William R. Horwath and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nitrogen inputs, crop N removal, and cumulative N2O emissions were measured from spring 2011 to fall 2012 in three dairy forage production systems receiving liquid and solid manure, as well as synthetic N fertilizer"--Page vii.
Author : Yoshitaka Uchida
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions During Nitrification and Denitrification Processes in Agricultural Soils Using Enhanced Efficiency Fertilizers written by Yoshitaka Uchida and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the increasing use of nitrogen (N) fertilizers due to an increasing food demand, the agricultural sector is the main contributor of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, mainly through microbial processes called nitrification and denitrification. One option to mitigate N2O, a major greenhouse gas, is to use enhanced efficiency fertilizers (EEFs). There are different types of EEFs like nitrification inhibitors or controlled-release fertilizers that aim to match the N release from fertilizers with N demands from plants. Parts of the chapter are also dedicated to organic amendments and their effects on N2O emissions. Overall, EEFs can improve the N-use efficiency of plants, which has two positive effects. First, farmers can increase their yields, and second, environmental pollution through excessive fertilizer N can be minimized. However, the effectiveness of EEFs strongly depends on numerous factors like land use type, application method, and climate. More studies are needed to establish individual fertilizer plans that are optimized for the prevalent conditions. In conclusion, N2O mitigation using EEFs is only advisable when ,Äúinitial,Äù N2O emissions from conventional fertilizers are critically contributing to annual N2O emissions. Thus, careful assessment is needed before EEFs are introduced to the system especially when economic and ecologic results are considered.
Author : Thomas P. Tomich
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520962230
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)
Download or read book The California Nitrogen Assessment written by Thomas P. Tomich and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is indispensable to all life on Earth. However, humans now dominate the nitrogen cycle, and nitrogen emissions from human activity have real costs: water and air pollution, climate change, and detrimental effects on human health, biodiversity, and natural habitats. Too little nitrogen limits ecosystem processes, while too much nitrogen transforms ecosystems profoundly. The California Nitrogen Assessment is the first comprehensive account of nitrogen flows, practices, and policies for California, encompassing all nitrogen flows—not just those associated with agriculture—and their impacts on ecosystem services and human wellbeing. How California handles nitrogen issues will be of interest nationally and internationally, and the goal of the assessment is to link science with action and to produce information that affects both future policy and solutions for addressing nitrogen pollution. This book also provides a model for application of integrated ecosystem assessment methods at regional and state (subnational) levels.
Author : Changsheng Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Improving DNDC Modeling Capability to Quantify Mitigation Potential of Nitrous Oxide from California Agricultural Soils written by Changsheng Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lei Guo
Publisher : OUP USA
ISBN 13 : 9780841226548
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)
Download or read book Understanding Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Management written by Lei Guo and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable source of information for researchers and environmental practitioners, providing the most up-to-date information on greenhouse gas emissions from field crops and livestock animals
Author : O. van Cleemput
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401154503
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies written by O. van Cleemput and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.
Author : Pierre J. Gerber
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Production written by Pierre J. Gerber and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current analysis was conducted to evaluate the potential of nutritional, manure and animal husbandry practices for mitigating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) - i.e. non-carbon dioxide (CO2) - GHG emissions from livestock production. These practices were categorized into enteric CH4, manure management and animal husbandry mitigation practices. Emphasis was placed on enteric CH4 mitigation practices for ruminant animals (only in vivo studies were considered) and manure mitigation practices for both ruminant and monogastric species. Over 900 references were reviewed; simulation and life cycle assessment analyses were generally excluded
Author : Todd S. Rosenstock
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319297945
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture written by Todd S. Rosenstock and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.
Author : Hannah Waterhouse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339543277
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (432 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen and Irrigation Management to Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Corn Systems written by Hannah Waterhouse and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture contributes ~58% of all global anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, a potent greenhouse gas, and 33% of emissions from California agriculture are in the form of N2O. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation management can affect N2O emissions from agricultural systems, however few field studies in California have been conducted. Field trials in the San Joaquin Valley were conducted over two years from 2013 to 2015 examining the influence of concentration ammoniacal N fertilizers, irrigation method, and nitrification inhibitors on N2O emissions and agronomic indices, such as yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), in a corn system. In 2013, in the furrow-irrigated (FI) field, starter fertilizer (8 kg N/ha) and UAN32 fertilizer was side dressed at a rate of 218 kg N/ha, except for the high rate treatment where side dress fertilizer was applied at a rate of 334 kg N/ha. In 2014, in the FI field, starter N fertilizer (13 kg N/ha) and side dress UAN32 fertilizer (252 kg N/ha) was applied to all treatments, except for the high rate treatment (342 kg N/ha). To test the effects of concentration on N2O emissions, the same rate of N fertilizer was applied as a single band of fertilizer and compared to the same rate applied as two subsurface bands on either side of the plant row. Furthermore, this single band of fertilizer was then compared to a higher rate of N fertilizer that was split into two subsurface applied on either side of the plant row. To test the effects of irrigation management, a subsurface drip irrigated field where N was supplied via fertigation in 5 equal increments as UAN32 at 250 kg N/ha in both years was compared to the standard farmer's practice of two subsurface bands in the furrow irrigated field fertilized at a rate of 218 kg N/ha and 252 kg N/ha in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The nitrification inhibitor AgrotainPlus was applied with UAN32 in two subsurface bands across either side of the plant row and compared to the same rate of fertilizer applied without the inhibitor to elucidate the effect of this fertilizer technology on N2O emissions and nitrification as a source of N2O. Soil ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite samples were collected to understand the soil nitrogen dynamics underlying the pathways of N2O production. Concentrating fertilizer into one band increased emissions in both years with statistical differences found in the second year when the single band was placed in the bed. However, no effect on yield was found when comparing the banded treatments. Subsurface drip irrigation significantly reduced emissions in both years by ~50-78% and increased yields in the first year. Nitrification inhibitors also successfully reduced emissions by 60% when applied at the appropriate plant growth stage with no effect on yield suggesting that nitrification is a significant source of N2O in the absence of the inhibitor. These results suggest that fertilizer management strategies targeting N2O emissions from nitrification can significantly reduce the greenhouse gas footprint from ammonium-based fertilizer application.
Author : Yash P. Dang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464091
Total Pages : 638 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book No-till Farming Systems for Sustainable Agriculture written by Yash P. Dang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive summary of current global research on no-till farming, and its benefits and challenges from various agronomic, environmental, social and economic perspectives. It details the characteristics and future requirements of no-till farming systems across different geographic and climatic regions, and outlines what is needed to increase the uptake of no-till farming globally. Over 35 chapters, this book covers in detail the agronomic and soil management issues that must be resolved to ensure the successful implementation of these systems. Important economic, environmental, social and policy considerations are discussed. It also features a series of case studies across a number of regions globally, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for no-till and how these may vary depending on climate and geopolitical location. This book is a remarkable compilation by experts in no-till farming systems. The promotion and expansion of no-till farming systems worldwide will be critical for food security, and resource and environmental sustainability. This is an invaluable reference for both researchers and practitioners grappling with the challenges of feeding the world’s rising population in an environment increasingly impacted by climate change. It is an essential reading for those seeking to understand the complexity of no-till farming systems and how best to optimise these systems in their region.
Author : John Patrick Hoben
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book On-farm Nitrous Oxide Response to Nitrogen Fertilizer in Corn Cropping Systems written by John Patrick Hoben and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eldor Paul
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123914116
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)
Download or read book Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry written by Eldor Paul and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry updates this widely used reference as the study and understanding of soil biota, their function, and the dynamics of soil organic matter has been revolutionized by molecular and instrumental techniques, and information technology. Knowledge of soil microbiology, ecology and biochemistry is central to our understanding of organisms and their processes and interactions with their environment. In a time of great global change and increased emphasis on biodiversity and food security, soil microbiology and ecology has become an increasingly important topic. Revised by a group of world-renowned authors in many institutions and disciplines, this work relates the breakthroughs in knowledge in this important field to its history as well as future applications. The new edition provides readable, practical, impactful information for its many applied and fundamental disciplines. Professionals turn to this text as a reference for fundamental knowledge in their field or to inform management practices. - New section on "Methods in Studying Soil Organic Matter Formation and Nutrient Dynamics" to balance the two successful chapters on microbial and physiological methodology - Includes expanded information on soil interactions with organisms involved in human and plant disease - Improved readability and integration for an ever-widening audience in his field - Integrated concepts related to soil biota, diversity, and function allow readers in multiple disciplines to understand the complex soil biota and their function
Author : Jennifer Haskell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781658413688
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (136 download)
Download or read book Agricultural Management Intensity's Influence on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi written by Jennifer Haskell and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer and management intensity have been shown to influence N2O emissions from agricultural systems, along with other intrinsic soil conditions. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas emitted by agricultural soils and represents about 37% of total anthropogenic N2O emissions. Few studies have examined the influence of management gradients to understand their contribution to N2O emissions. Additionally, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a key player in plant nutrient acquisition, were evaluated for their response to management intensity and for their potential role in affecting N2O emissions. Intact soil cores were collected from thirty field sites across Yolo County, California including grassland sites with little to zero management and tomato fields of differing management intensity. The soil cores (120) were planted with tomato variety (Solanum lycopersicum, "Micro Tom"). Over the course of a 12-week long greenhouse experiment the relationship between management intensity, AMF, and nitrous oxide was evaluated. Nitrous oxide emissions and colonization of tomato roots by AMF were measured and relationships between management systems, AMF, and nitrous oxide were analyzed. Extensive and Intensive systems' AMF colonization were not significantly different though Grasslands were slightly higher. Nitrous oxide emissions were not significantly different among systems but were highest on average in Extensive systems. Lastly, there was a positive correlation between Extensive system's nitrous oxide output and colonization by AMF.
Author : Maria Ponce De Leon Jara
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Measured and Daycent- Simulated Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soil Planted to Corn in Dairy Cropping Systems written by Maria Ponce De Leon Jara and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop rotations, organic nutrient amendments, reduced tillage practices, and integration of cover crops are practices that have the potential to increase the sustainability of crop production, yet they also impact nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Agricultural soil management has been estimated to contribute 79% of the total N2O emissions in the U.S., and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization is one of the main contributors. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas that has a global warming potential which is approximately 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year period and is currently the dominant ozone-depleting substance. Few studies have assessed the effects of organic N amendments on direct N2O within the context of a typical dairy forage cropping system. Most research has been limited to studying the effects of one or two sources of N inputs on N2O emissions; however, dairy forage cropping systems often apply manure and have more than two N sources that likely both contribute to N2O emissions. This study investigated how different dairy cropping practices that include differences in crop residues, N inputs (dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer), timing of N amendment applications and environmental conditions influenced N2O emissions from no-till soil planted to corn (Zea mays L.). A two-year field study was carried out as part of the Pennsylvania State Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems Experiment, where corn was planted following annual grain crops, perennial forages, and a green manure legume crop; all were amended with dairy manure. In the corn-soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation, N sources (dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer) and two methods of manure application (broadcasted and injected) were also compared.Chapter 1 reviews the scientific literature; describing the biotic and abiotic processes of N2O production in soils, summarizing current research on N2O emissions in agricultural systems, and emphasizing the main management and environmental drivers contributing to the emissions. This chapter reviews methods for matching N supply with crop demand, coupling N flow cycles, using advanced fertilizer techniques, and optimizing tillage management. Also, the applicability and limitations of current research to effectively reduce N2O emissions in a variety of regions are discussed.Chapter 2 analyzes the effect of corn production management practices and environmental conditions contributing to N2O in the Pennsylvania State Sustainable Dairy Cropping Systems Experiment. Significantly higher N2O emissions were observed 15-42 days after manure injection and 1-4 days after mid-season UAN application. Manure injection had 2-3 times greater potential for N2O emissions compared to broadcast manure during this time period. Integration of legumes and grasses in the cropping system reduced inorganic fertilizer use compared to soybean with manure or UAN, however, direct N2O emissions were not reduced. The Random Forest method was used to identify and rank the predictor variables for N2O emissions. The most important variables driving N2O emissions were: time after manure application, time after previous crop termination, soil nitrate, and moisture. These field research results support earlier recommendations for reducing N losses including timing N inputs close to crop uptake, and avoiding N applications when there is a high chance of precipitation to reduce nitrate accumulation in the soil and potential N losses from denitrification.Chapter 3 reports the comparison of N2O fluxes predicted with the biogeochemical model DAYCENT compared to measured data from the two-year dairy cropping systems study. Daily N2O emissions simulated by DAYCENT had between 41% and 76% agreement with measured daily N2O emissions in 2015 and 2016. DAYCENT overestimated the residual inorganic N fertilizer impact on N2O emissions in the corn following soybean with inorganic fertilizer and broadcast manure. Comparisons between DAYCENT simulated and measured N2O fluxes indicate that DAYCENT did not represent well organic N amendments from crop residues of perennials and legume cover crops, or manure application in no-till dairy systems. DAYCENT was generally able to reproduce temporal patterns of soil temperature, but volumetric soil water contents (VSWC) predicted by DAYCENT were generally lower than measured values. After precipitation events, DAYCENT predicted that VSWC tended to rapidly decrease and drain to deeper layers. Both the simulated and measured soil inorganic N increased with N fertilizer addition; however, the model tended to underestimate soil inorganic N concentration in the 0-5 cm layer. Our results suggest that DAYCENT overestimated the residual N impact of inorganic fertilizer on N2O emissions and mineralization of organic residues and nitrification happened faster than DAYCENT predicted. Chapter 4 highlights the impact of manure injection and the importance of timing organic N amendments from manures and/or crop residue with crop N uptake to mitigate N2O emissions. More research is needed to better understand the tradeoffs of these strategies in no till dairy cropping systems to help farmers in their operational management decisions. Improving the parametrization of DAYCENT for dairy cropping systems in no-till systems with high surface legume crop residues from perennials and cover crops, will make the model a more useful tool for testing different mitigation scenarios for farmers and policy-designer decision making.
