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Evaluate And Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport Fate And Effects Of Army Smokes In An Aerosol Wind Tunnel
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Book Synopsis Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel by : Peter Van Voris
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel written by Peter Van Voris and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate, and Effects of Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel by :
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate, and Effects of Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terrestrial transport, chemical fate, and ecological effects of hexachloroethane (HC) smoke were evaluated under controlled wind tunnel conditions. The primary objectives of this research program are to characterize and assess the impacts of smoke and obscurants on: (1) natural vegetation characteristic of US Army training sites in the United States; (2) physical and chemical properties of soils representative of these training sites; and (3) soil microbiological and invertebrate communities. Impacts and dose/responses were evaluated based on exposure scenarios, including exposure duration, exposure rate, and sequential cumulative dosing. Key to understanding the environmental impacts of HC smoke/obscurants is establishing the importance of environmental parameters such as relative humidity and wind speed on airborne aerosol characteristics and deposition to receptor surfaces. Direct and indirect biotic effects were evaluated using five plant species and two soil types. HC aerosols were generated in a controlled atmosphere wind tunnel by combustion of hexachloroethane mixtures prepared to simulate normal pot burn rates and conditions. The aerosol was characterized and used to expose plant, soil, and other test systems. Particle sizes of airborne HC ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 [mu]m mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and particle size was affected by relative humidity over a range of 20% to 85%. Air concentrations employed ranged from 130 to 680 mg/m3, depending on exposure scenario. Chlorocarbon concentrations within smokes, deposition rates for plant and soil surfaces, and persistence were determined. The fate of principal inorganic species (Zn, Al, and Cl) in a range of soils was assessed.
Book Synopsis Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel by :
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel. Transport, Transformations, Fate and Terrestrial Ecological Effects of Fog Oil Obscurant Smokes by :
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel. Transport, Transformations, Fate and Terrestrial Ecological Effects of Fog Oil Obscurant Smokes written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terrestrial transport, chemical fate, and ecological effects of fog oil (FO) smoke obscurants were evaluated under controlled wind tunnel conditions. The primary objectives of this research program are to characterize and assess the impacts of smoke and obscurants on: 1) natural vegetation characteristic of U.S. Army training sites in the United States; 2) physical and chemical properties of soils representative of these training sites; and 3) soil microbiological and invertebrate communities. Impacts and dose/responses were evaluated based on an exposure scenario, including exposure duration, exposure rate, and sequential cumulative dosing. Key to understanding the environmental parameters such as relative humidity and wind speed on airborne aerosol characteristics and deposition to receptor surfaces. Direct and indirect biotic effects were evaluated using five plant species and three soil types. Fog oil enhanced the microbial activities in most of the metabolic parameters evaluated. A cumulative dose of fog oil exposure stimulated soil respiration slightly and increased nitro-bacter population in Palouse soil, and greatly increased soil enzyme activity in both Palouse and Burbank soil. Earthworm bioassays indicated no adverse effect of fog oil with exposures up to 800 micrograms/sq. cm soil. In vitro studies, where fog oil was uniformly amended to soil, showed earth- worm survival to be 100% until an exposure of approx. 3600 micrograms/sq. cm (a soil concentration of 285 micrograms FO/g) was reached.
Book Synopsis Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel by :
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in an Aerosol Wind Tunnel written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel by :
Download or read book Evaluate and Characterize Mechanisms Controlling Transport, Fate and Effects of Army Smokes in the Aerosol Wind Tunnel written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An evaluation of the terrestrial transport, transformations and ecological effects of phosphorus (red phosphorus-butyl rubber (RP/BR)) smoke obscurant was performed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. A similar evaluation using white phosphorus (WP) smoke/obscurant is currently proceeding. The objective is to characterize the effects of smokes and obscurants on: (1) natural vegetation characteristic of US Army training sites in the United States; (2) physical and chemical properties of representative of soils of those sites; and (3) soil microbiological communities. The influence and interactions of smoke/obscurant concentration, relative humidity (25%, 60%, 90% and simulated rain) and wind speed of 0.22 to 4.45 m/s by smoke is assessed. Five plant species and four soils were exposed to both single and repeated doses of RP/BR smokes in the Pacific Northwest Laboratory ''P-3'' rated recirculating environmental wind tunnel. Detailed results for RP/BR and limited results for WP are presented. Toxicity symptoms for plants exposed for 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours to concentrations of RP/BR ranging from 200 mg/m3 included leaf tip burn, leaf curl, leaf abscission and drop, floral abortion, chlorosis, neucrotic spotting, wilting, desiccation and dieback. Grass and bushbean were the most sensitive. The intensity and duration of these effects varied. Soils effects data suggest that there is an increase in the mobility of selected trace elements after exposure; however, this effect appears to be ameliorated with time. Soil microbial community effects show a reduction in the production of nitrate after soil is exposed to RP/BR smoke. Most of the plant, soil and soil microbial effects are transient in nature and are somewhat less intense resulting from repeated exposures; however, there is evidence that some of these environmental impacts may be persistent. 43 refs., 44 figs., 67 tabs.
Book Synopsis Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Engangered Species: Volume 4, Chemical Analytical Methods by :
Download or read book Methods for Field Studies of the Effects of Military Smokes, Obscurants, and Riot-control Agents on Threatened and Engangered Species: Volume 4, Chemical Analytical Methods written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Pollution & Control by :
Download or read book Environmental Pollution & Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Warfare Agents by : Brian J. Lukey
Download or read book Chemical Warfare Agents written by Brian J. Lukey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book, Chemical Warfare Agents: Toxicity at Low Levels, was published just prior to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The second edition titled, Chemical Warfare Agents: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, included new epidemiological and clinical studies of exposed or potentially exposed populations; new treatment concepts and products; improved organization of the national response apparatus addressing the potential for CWA terrorism; and improved diagnostic tests that enable rapid diagnosis and treatment. Since the second edition, the chemical warfare agent community has worked hard to advance research for protection and treatment and develop/improve response approaches for individuals and definitive care. Consequently, in addition to updating previous chapters, Chemical Warfare Agents: Biomedical and Psychological Effects, Medical Countermeasures, and Emergency Response, Third Edition features several new chapters that address the Syrian War, chemical destruction, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, biomarkers for chemical warfare agent exposure, field sensors, aircraft decontamination, lung/human on a chip, chemical warfare response decision making, and other research advancements. Features: Describes the newest medical interventions, and the latest technologies deployed in the field, as well as developments in the international response to CW usage highlighting recent events in the Middle East Discusses the latest in organizational/interagency partitioning in terms of responsibilities for emergency response, not just in the United States but at the international level—whether prevention, mitigation, medical care, reclamation, or medico-legal aspects of such response Contains the most current research from bench-level experts The third edition contains the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of the question of chemical warfare agent employment on the battlefield or in terrorism. Edited by workers that have been in the field for 35+ years, it remains faithful to the scientific "constants," while evaluating and crediting the advances by the industry that have made us safer.
Book Synopsis Quarterly Supplement to the ... Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents by : United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange
Download or read book Quarterly Supplement to the ... Annual Department of Defense Bibliography of Logistics Studies and Related Documents written by United States. Defense Logistics Studies Information Exchange and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Technical Reports Awareness Circular : TRAC. by :
Download or read book Technical Reports Awareness Circular : TRAC. written by and published by . This book was released on 1988-06 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government reports annual index by :
Download or read book Government reports annual index written by and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 1014 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CRREL Report by : Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Download or read book CRREL Report written by Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Persistence of White Phosphorus Particles in Sediment by :
Download or read book Persistence of White Phosphorus Particles in Sediment written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Hexachloroethane by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Hexachloroethane written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
