Europes Intellectuals And The Cold War

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America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe

Author : Volker R. Berghahn
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691186189
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe by : Volker R. Berghahn

Download or read book America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe written by Volker R. Berghahn and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1958, Shepard Stone, then directing the Ford Foundation's International Affairs program, suggested that his staff "measure" America's cultural impact in Europe. He wanted to determine whether efforts to improve opinions of American culture were yielding good returns. Taking Stone's career as a point of departure and frequent return, Volker Berghahn examines the triangular relationship between the producers of ideas and ideologies, corporate America, and Washington policymakers at a peculiar juncture of U.S. history. He also looks across the Atlantic, at the Western European intellectuals, politicians, and businessmen with whom these Americans were in frequent contact. While shattered materially and psychologically by World War II, educated Europeans did not shed their opinions about the inferiority, vulgarity, and commercialism of American culture. American elites--particularly the East Coast establishment--deeply resented this condescension. They believed that the United States had two culture wars to win: one against the Soviet Bloc as part of the larger struggle against communism and the other against deeply rooted negative views of America as a civilization. To triumph, they spent large sums of money on overt and covert activities, from tours of American orchestras to the often secret funding of European publications and intellectual congresses by the CIA. At the center of these activities were the Ford Foundation, the Congress for Cultural Freedom, and Washington's agents of cultural diplomacy. This was a world of Ivy League academics and East Coast intellectuals, of American philanthropic organizations and their backers in big business, of U.S. government agencies and their counterparts across the Atlantic. This book uses Shepard Stone as a window to this world in which the European-American relationship was hammered out in cultural terms--an arena where many of the twentieth century's major intellectual trends and conflicts unfolded.

Europe's Intellectuals and the Cold War

Author : Nancy Jachec
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780755621316
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Europe's Intellectuals and the Cold War by : Nancy Jachec

Download or read book Europe's Intellectuals and the Cold War written by Nancy Jachec and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In 1950, nearly 300 of Europe's leading artists, philosophers and writers formed an international society intended to end the Cold War. The European Society of Culture was composed of many of Western Europe's best-known intellectuals, including Theodor Adorno, Julien Benda, Albert Camus, Benedetto Croce, Andre Gide, J. B. Haldane, Karl Jaspers, Carl Jung, Thomas Mann, Henri Matisse, Francois Mauriac, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, Giuseppe Ungaretti and Albert Schweitzer, among many others; over the next twenty years it would also include many luminaries from the East, such as Bertolt Brecht, Ernst Bloch, Ilya Ehrenburg and Georg Lukacs. Pioneering the earliest political discussions between intellectuals in Eastern and Western Europe that would serve as a model for the activities of the better-known CCF in its efforts to end communism, the ESC went on to create an informal but powerful, 1,600 member-strong cultural and political network across the world in pursuit of dialogue between the Marxist East and the liberal West, and in pursuit of peace and shared cultural values. Here, in this first, comprehensive history of the SEC's early years, Nancy Jachec demonstrates the influence its members had not only on preventing the isolation of Europe's eastern states, but on enabling the flow of people, publications and ideas from the West into the East, thus playing a vital role in introducing the ideals of human rights and cultural rights in the East in the run-up to the signing of the Helsinki Accords of 1975. She also shows the profound impact that the SEC had on the development of post-colonial theory through the exchanges it organised between European and African intellectuals, directly shaping the expectations statesmen like Leopold Sedar Senghor, revolutionaries like Frantz Fanon, and institutions such as Unesco would have of culture in newly emerging countries."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

Europe in Crisis

Author : Mark Hewitson
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 0857457276
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Europe in Crisis by : Mark Hewitson

Download or read book Europe in Crisis written by Mark Hewitson and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The period between 1917 and 1957, starting with the birth of the USSR and the American intervention in the First World War and ending with the Treaty of Rome, is of the utmost importance for contextualizing and understanding the intellectual origins of the European Community. During this time of 'crisis,' many contemporaries, especially intellectuals, felt they faced a momentous decision which could bring about a radically different future. The understanding of what Europe was and what it should be was questioned in a profound way, forcing Europeans to react. The idea of a specifically European unity finally became, at least for some, a feasible project, not only to avoid another war but to avoid the destruction of the idea of European unity. This volume reassesses the relationship between ideas of Europe and the European project and reconsiders the impact of long and short-term political transformations on assumptions about the continent's scope, nature, role and significance.

Between Empire and Europe

Author : Lucia Bonfreschi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781138013858
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Empire and Europe by : Lucia Bonfreschi

Download or read book Between Empire and Europe written by Lucia Bonfreschi and published by . This book was released on 2014-10-15 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the end of WWII and the end of the Cold War, the international roles of France and Great Britain changed dramatically. Major international powers were now states much bigger than European nations in terms of population, wealth, military capacity. Analyzing the international political discourse developed by French and British intellectuals and the wider public debate they prompted during the Cold War, this book addresses how the public sphere reacted and adapted to rapidly changing historical circumstances, and how intellectuals responded to a new and challenging relationship between national and foreign policy within a global context.

Shame and Glory of the Intellectuals

Author : Peter Viereck
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351491016
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Shame and Glory of the Intellectuals by : Peter Viereck

Download or read book Shame and Glory of the Intellectuals written by Peter Viereck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this classic volume, written at the height of the Cold War, with a new preface of 2006, Peter Viereck, one of the foremost intellectual spokesmen of modern conservatism, examines the differing responses of American and European intellectuals to the twin threats of Nazism and Soviet communism. In so doing, he seeks to formulate a humanistic conservatism with which to counter the danger of totalitarian thought in the areas of politics, ethics, and art.The glory of the intellectuals was the firm moral stance they took against Nazism at a time when appeasement was the preferred path of many politicians; their shame lay in their failure to recognize the brutality of Stalinism to the extent of becoming apologists for or accomplices of its tyranny. In Viereck's view, this failure is rooted in an abandonment of humane values that he sees as a legacy of nineteenth-century romanticism and certain strands of modernist thought and aesthetics.Among his targets are literary obscurantism as personified by Ezra Pound, the academicization of literary culture, the rigidity of adversarial avant-gardism, and the failure of many writers and cultural institutions to conserve the very heritage their political freedom and security depend on. Viereck represents their attitude in a series of satirical dialogues with Gaylord Babbitt, son of Sinclair Lewis' embodiment of conservative philistinism. Babbitt Junior is as unreflective as his father, but the objects of his credulity are the received ideas of liberal progressivism and avant-garde mandarinism. Ultimately, Viereck's critique stands as a timely rebuke to the extremism of both left and right.

Russia and the Idea of the West

Author : Robert D. English
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231110594
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Russia and the Idea of the West by : Robert D. English

Download or read book Russia and the Idea of the West written by Robert D. English and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most analyses of the Cold War's end the ideological aspects of Gorbachev's "new thinking" are treated largely as incidental to the broader considerations of power. English demonstrates that Gorbachev's foreign policy was the result of an intellectual revolution. He analyzes the rise of a liberal policy-academic elite and its impact on the Cold War's end.

The Cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-1960

Author : Giles Scott-Smith
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780714653082
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-1960 by : Giles Scott-Smith

Download or read book The Cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-1960 written by Giles Scott-Smith and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles that comprise this collection constitute an evaluation of overt and covert influences on political and cultural activity in Western European democracies during the earliest period of the Cold War.

The Cultural Cold War

Author : Frances Stonor Saunders
Publisher : New Press, The
ISBN 13 : 1595589147
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (955 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Cold War by : Frances Stonor Saunders

Download or read book The Cultural Cold War written by Frances Stonor Saunders and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War, freedom of expression was vaunted as liberal democracy’s most cherished possession—but such freedom was put in service of a hidden agenda. In The Cultural Cold War, Frances Stonor Saunders reveals the extraordinary efforts of a secret campaign in which some of the most vocal exponents of intellectual freedom in the West were working for or subsidized by the CIA—whether they knew it or not. Called "the most comprehensive account yet of the [CIA’s] activities between 1947 and 1967" by the New York Times, the book presents shocking evidence of the CIA’s undercover program of cultural interventions in Western Europe and at home, drawing together declassified documents and exclusive interviews to expose the CIA’s astonishing campaign to deploy the likes of Hannah Arendt, Isaiah Berlin, Leonard Bernstein, Robert Lowell, George Orwell, and Jackson Pollock as weapons in the Cold War. Translated into ten languages, this classic work—now with a new preface by the author—is "a real contribution to popular understanding of the postwar period" (The Wall Street Journal), and its story of covert cultural efforts to win hearts and minds continues to be relevant today.

Intellectuals and Politics in Post-War France

Author : D. Drake
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230509630
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Intellectuals and Politics in Post-War France by : D. Drake

Download or read book Intellectuals and Politics in Post-War France written by D. Drake and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-11-11 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What did French intellectuals have to say about Gaullism, the Cold War colonialism, the women's movement, and the events of May '68? David Drake examines the political commitment of intellectuals in France from Sartre and Camus to Bernard-Henri Lévy and Bourdieu. In this accessible study, he explores why there was a radical reassessment of the intellectual's role in the mid 1970s-80s and how a new generation engaged with Islam, racism, the Balkan Wars and the strikes of 1995.

Entangled Far Rights

Author : Marlene Laruelle
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822986345
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Entangled Far Rights by : Marlene Laruelle

Download or read book Entangled Far Rights written by Marlene Laruelle and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the rise of Putin, many have puzzled by the strange affinity of the far right in the West for today's authoritarian Russia. Entangled Far Rights explores the deep roots of this phenomena and reveals it to be a running thread through the entire history of the long 20th century and present regardless of the changing political character of Russia's regimes.

America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780069102563
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (25 download)

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Book Synopsis America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe by :

Download or read book America and the Intellectual Cold Wars in Europe written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Political Survivors

Author : Emma Kuby
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501732803
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Survivors by : Emma Kuby

Download or read book Political Survivors written by Emma Kuby and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1949, as Cold War tensions in Europe mounted, French intellectual and former Buchenwald inmate David Rousset called upon fellow concentration camp survivors to denounce the Soviet Gulag as a "hallucinatory repetition" of Nazi Germany's most terrible crime. In Political Survivors, Emma Kuby tells the riveting story of what followed his appeal, as prominent members of the wartime Resistance from throughout Western Europe united to campaign against the continued existence of inhumane internment systems around the world. The International Commission against the Concentration Camp Regime brought together those originally deported for acts of anti-Nazi political activity who believed that their unlikely survival incurred a duty to bear witness for other victims. Over the course of the next decade, these pioneering activists crusaded to expose political imprisonment, forced labor, and other crimes against humanity in Franco's Spain, Maoist China, French Algeria, and beyond. Until now, the CIA's secret funding of Rousset's movement has remained in the shadows. Kuby reveals this clandestine arrangement between European camp survivors and American intelligence agents. She also brings to light how Jewish Holocaust victims were systematically excluded from Commission membership – a choice that fueled the group's rise, but also helped lead to its premature downfall. The history that she unearths provides a striking new vision of how wartime memory shaped European intellectual life and ideological struggle after 1945, showing that the key lessons Western Europeans drew from the war centered on "the camp," imagined first and foremost as a site of political repression rather than ethnic genocide. Political Survivors argues that Cold War dogma and acrimony, tied to a distorted understanding of WWII's chief atrocities, overshadowed the humanitarian possibilities of the nascent anti-concentration camp movement as Europe confronted the violent decolonizing struggles of the 1950s.

The Cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-60

Author : Hans Krabbendam
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135763445
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-60 by : Hans Krabbendam

Download or read book The Cultural Cold War in Western Europe, 1945-60 written by Hans Krabbendam and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-03 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of the Cold War as a propaganda contest as opposed to a military conflict is being increasingly accepted. This has led to a re-evaluation of the relationship between economic policies, political agendas and cultural activities in Western Europe post 1945. This book provides an important cross-section of case studies that highlight the connections between overt/covert activities and cultural/political agendas during the early Cold War. It therefore provides a valuable bridge between diplomatic and intelligence research and represents an important contribution towards our understanding of the significance and consequences of this linkage for the shaping of post-war democratic societies.

Ideological Storms

Author : Vladimir Tismaneanu
Publisher : Central European University Press
ISBN 13 : 963386304X
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Ideological Storms by : Vladimir Tismaneanu

Download or read book Ideological Storms written by Vladimir Tismaneanu and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gathers authors who wrote important works in the fields of the history of ideologies, the comparative study of dictatorships, and intellectual history. The book is a state of the art reassessment and analysis of the ideological commitments of intellectuals and their relationships with dictatorships during the twentieth century. The contributions focus on turning points or moments of breakage as well as on the continuities. Though its focus is on an East–West comparison in Europe, there are texts also dealing with Latin America, China, and the Middle East giving the book a global outlook. The first part of the book deals with intellectuals' involvement with communist regimes or parties; the second looks at the persistence of utopianism in the trajectory of intellectuals who had been associated earlier in their lives with either communism or fascism; the third tackles intellectuals' role in national imaginations from either the left or the right; and, the fourth ties late twentieth century phenomena to current phenomena such as the persistence of anti-Semitism in the West, the slow erosion of the values upon which the EU is built, the quagmire in Iraq, and China's rise in the post-Cold War era. The collection provides a comprehensive big-picture of intellectual genealogies and dictatorial developments.

Cold War Cultures

Author : Annette Vowinckel
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 0857452436
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (574 download)

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Book Synopsis Cold War Cultures by : Annette Vowinckel

Download or read book Cold War Cultures written by Annette Vowinckel and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cold War was not only about the imperial ambitions of the super powers, their military strategies, and antagonistic ideologies. It was also about conflicting worldviews and their correlates in the daily life of the societies involved. The term "Cold War Culture" is often used in a broad sense to describe media influences, social practices, and symbolic representations as they shape, and are shaped by, international relations. Yet, it remains in question whether -- or to what extent -- the Cold War Culture model can be applied to European societies, both in the East and the West. While every European country had to adapt to the constraints imposed by the Cold War, individual development was affected by specific conditions as detailed in these chapters. This volume offers an important contribution to the international debate on this issue of the Cold War impact on everyday life by providing a better understanding of its history and legacy in Eastern and Western Europe.

German Intellectuals and the Challenge of Democratic Renewal

Author : Sean A. Forner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107627834
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis German Intellectuals and the Challenge of Democratic Renewal by : Sean A. Forner

Download or read book German Intellectuals and the Challenge of Democratic Renewal written by Sean A. Forner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-23 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how democracy was rethought in Germany in the wake of National Socialism, the Second World War, and the Holocaust. Focusing on a loose network of public intellectuals in the immediate postwar years, Sean Forner traces their attempts to reckon with the experience of Nazism and scour Germany's ambivalent political and cultural traditions for materials with which to build a better future. In doing so, he reveals, they formulated an internally variegated but distinctly participatory vision of democratic renewal - a paradoxical counter-elitism of intellectual elites. Although their projects ran aground on internal tensions and on the Cold War, their commitments fueled critique and dissent in the two postwar Germanys during the 1950s and thereafter. The book uncovers a conception of political participation that went beyond the limited possibilities of the Cold War era and influenced the political struggles of later decades in both East and West.

Radio Free Europe and the Pursuit of Democracy

Author : George R. Urban
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780300069211
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (692 download)

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Book Synopsis Radio Free Europe and the Pursuit of Democracy by : George R. Urban

Download or read book Radio Free Europe and the Pursuit of Democracy written by George R. Urban and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading expert on East and Central European and Soviet affairs, George R. Urban offers an insider's perspective on the history of Radio Free Europe by drawing on his service during the 1960s and his term as overall director in the 1980s. In vivid detail, Urban describes how the Radios promoted the cause of liberal democracy and the free market economy for more than four decades and stood up against the Soviet system, with its clandestine offshoots and fifth columns in all the countries of the West. Urban contends that a second opponent was less visible but more powerful: influential members of the American and West European Left who believed that the Soviet superpower should not be thwarted. The author explores the often controversial strategies and tactics employed by the staff and administrators of the Radios, sheds light on their role in the tragic 1956 Hungarian Revolution, examines the ideas and convictions of key figures, and reveals how communism was intellectually unmasked in a psychological contest that also made possible reconciliation between nations and individuals.