EU Foreign Investment Law

Download EU Foreign Investment Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199698600
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis EU Foreign Investment Law by : Angelos Dimopoulos

Download or read book EU Foreign Investment Law written by Angelos Dimopoulos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regulation of foreign investment is one of the most topical and controversial subjects in EU law and international investment law. This book examines the legal foundations upon which EU investment policy is based, addressing the legal, practical, and political concerns created by the establishment of a common investment policy.

EU Foreign Investment Law

Download EU Foreign Investment Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191018538
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis EU Foreign Investment Law by : Angelos Dimopoulos

Download or read book EU Foreign Investment Law written by Angelos Dimopoulos and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-12-08 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regulation of foreign investment represents one of the most topical and controversial subjects in European Union law and international investment law. EU foreign investment law is emerging as a critically important issue, particularly since the introduction of EU competence over foreign direct investment after the Lisbon Treaty and the recent successful challenge of the compatibility of Member States Bilateral Investment Treaties with EU law. Within this framework, the book sets out to identify whether and to what extent the EU has become an international actor in the field of foreign investment. Exploring the existing legal framework on the scope and exercise of EU competence and its legal effects, it examines the foundations upon which EU investment policy is based and will be based in the future. The book addresses questions relating to the definition of foreign investment; the scope of EU competences; the exercise of EU powers; the substantive content of existing and future EU International Investment Agreements; and the objectives of EU investment policy and its EU law effects. From this grounding, the study widens to scrutinize the influence that the EU exerts on international law and regulation of foreign investment. Paying careful attention to the substantive content and orientation of EU International Investment Agreements, the book takes a comparative approach to the content of Bilateral Investment Treaties, as well as to the ramifications of EU foreign investment regulation for international law, especially with regard to the EU's international responsibility. Taking into account the recent developments in the field, this book provides the first comprehensive treatment of the legal, practical, and political concerns that the creation of an EU common investment policy creates.

Sustainable Development in EU Foreign Investment Law

Download Sustainable Development in EU Foreign Investment Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 900446588X
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Development in EU Foreign Investment Law by : Stefanie Schacherer

Download or read book Sustainable Development in EU Foreign Investment Law written by Stefanie Schacherer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Development in EU Foreign Investment Law offers a clear and convincing assessment of how the EU contributes to the ongoing debate on sustainable development integration in international investment agreements.

Protection of Foreign Investments in an Intra-EU Context

Download Protection of Foreign Investments in an Intra-EU Context PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1800880383
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Protection of Foreign Investments in an Intra-EU Context by : Moskvan, Dominik

Download or read book Protection of Foreign Investments in an Intra-EU Context written by Moskvan, Dominik and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Achmea judgment revolutionised intra-EU investment protection by declaring intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (intra-EU BITs) incompatible with EU law. This incisive book investigates whether intra-EU foreign investments benefit from this alteration, which discontinued the parallel applicability of intra-EU BITs and EU law in the EU internal market. In addition to comparative legal analysis from an investor perspective, Dominik Moskvan puts forward a proposal for a creation of a permanent intra-EU foreign investment court to ensure a balanced economic development of the EU internal market.

International Investment Law and EU Law

Download International Investment Law and EU Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642148557
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Investment Law and EU Law by : Marc Bungenberg

Download or read book International Investment Law and EU Law written by Marc Bungenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-18 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty entails sweeping changes with respect to foreign investment regulation. Most prominently, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) now contains in its Article 207 an explicit competence for the regulation of foreign direct investment as part of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP) chapter. With this new competence, the EU will become an important actor in the field of international investment politics and law. The new empowerment in the field of international investment law prompts a multitude of questions. This volume analyzes in depth the new “post-Lisbon situation” in the area of investment policy, provokes further discussion and offers new approaches.

The European Union and International Investment Law

Download The European Union and International Investment Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1509963820
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (99 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The European Union and International Investment Law by : Francesco Montanaro

Download or read book The European Union and International Investment Law written by Francesco Montanaro and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interaction between the EU and international investment law, both at the internal level, namely within the EU internal market, and at the external level, i.e. in the context of its relations with third States. The joint treatment of these dimensions reveals that the EU has assumed an ostensibly ambivalent attitude towards international investment law. At the internal level, it has consistently asserted that intra-EU international investment agreements (IIAs) are not compatible with EU law and advocated their termination. At the external level, by contrast, it has eagerly deployed IIAs to develop its post-Lisbon international investment policy. The book finds that beneath this apparent ambivalence towards international investment law ultimately lies the EU's attempt to impose, both internally and externally, its own original model of regulation of cross-border investment. It then argues that the EU adopted this approach with a view to supporting its internal market, enhancing its external influence, and, ultimately, pursuing long-term 'federal aspirations'. Finally, the book identifies the legal and political obstacles that have curtailed the EU's efforts at both the internal and the external level.

EU Framework for Foreign Direct Investment Control

Download EU Framework for Foreign Direct Investment Control PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403519215
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis EU Framework for Foreign Direct Investment Control by : Jacques H.J. Bourgeois

Download or read book EU Framework for Foreign Direct Investment Control written by Jacques H.J. Bourgeois and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown considerably worldwide in recent decades, alongside the no-less considerable development of international ‘supply chains’. In the European Union (EU), stock held by foreign investors exceeds EUR 6 billion, while stock held in the rest of the world by EU investors exceeds EUR 7 billion. This important book analyses the current and proposed regimes of FDI screening in the EU, highlighting mechanisms designed to enhance FDI’s advantages and minimize its drawbacks. Leading practitioners, policymakers and academics discuss the 2017 European Commission proposal on FDI screening and its resulting Regulation, focusing on such issues and topics as the following: the economics of FDI screening; rising protectionism versus further investment liberalization; how the EU framework connects with WTO rules; the dangers of foreign investment in sectors essential to public order and security; how the EU regulatory layer interacts with FDI screening at Member State level; and perceived lacunae in the way the EU addresses incoming FDI. Two detailed examples of how FDI screening works in practice are included, along with a comparative view of FDI screening in the United States. Contributions commenting specifically on the EU Regulation deal with the process of adopting the Regulation and the impact of opposing views, and how the Regulation aligns with EU policy in the areas of trade, investment and competition. Companies engaged in FDI or financial services will appreciate the detailed analysis of issues raised by this new EU policy instrument. Practitioners active in competition law, particularly M&A, will welcome this clear commentary and analysis of a crucial component of EU policy in the related areas of trade and investment, and policymakers will be encouraged to consider whether further regulatory changes are called for.

International Investment Agreements and EU Law

Download International Investment Agreements and EU Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041168931
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Investment Agreements and EU Law by : Tomas Fecak

Download or read book International Investment Agreements and EU Law written by Tomas Fecak and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-09-25 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly growing number of investors’ disputes with states and the approach of arbitral tribunals, perceived by some, whether rightly or not, as being too investor-friendly, underlie a contentious debate about the need to strike a more effective balance between investors’ rights under international investment agreements (IIAs) and the right of states to pursue legitimate regulation in the public interest. In this regard the European Union, with the exclusive external competence in foreign direct investment vested in it under the Lisbon Treaty, is emerging as the leader and driving force in the future development of international investment law. This book examines the competence of the EU to conclude investment treaties in the light of the investment protection rules of IIAs, explores how far the EU regime for cross-border investment and investors’ rights under IIAs can be considered comparable, and brings about an extensive analysis of existing agreements of Member States and their compatibility with EU law, with detailed investigation of how the potentially conflicting obligations of Member States under the two regimes can be reconciled. The book covers such elements of the debate as the following: • ‘standards of treatment’ under IIAs; • investment-related provisions of EU law; • dispute settlement mechanisms and the conduct of investment disputes; • how recent controversies over bilateral investment treaties (BITs) shape emerging EU international investment policy; • effect of political and institutional interests; • transitional arrangements for BITs between Member States and third countries established by Regulation 1219/2012; • CJEU decisions concerning BITs concluded between EU Member States and third countries; • significant arbitral awards involving intra-EU BITs; • allocation of international responsibility for breaches of investors’ rights; • intra-EU dimension of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT); • possibilities for review of arbitral awards by courts of Member States; • desirability of international protection of foreign investment in developed countries; and • role of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (ICSID Convention) The author provides a number of well-grounded recommendations, taking into account throughout the legitimate interests and expectations of individual investors. As an invaluable commentary on developments related to the interplay between international investment law and EU law, and a guide to ameliorating the tensions and controversies surrounding this relationship, this book will appeal to a wide variety of readers. The questions dealt with are faced not only by negotiators and others involved in policymaking in the area of foreign investment, but also by specialists in international investment law, investment arbitration, EU international relations law, and anyone involved in cross-border law, as well as others who encounter these questions in the course of their professional or academic activities.

EU Human Rights, International Investment Law and Participation

Download EU Human Rights, International Investment Law and Participation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030206076
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis EU Human Rights, International Investment Law and Participation by : Vivian Kube

Download or read book EU Human Rights, International Investment Law and Participation written by Vivian Kube and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates how human rights obligations of the EU foreign constitution can be operationalized in the realm of international economic regulation. The content is divided into three major parts. The first outlines the legal foundations needed for the EU to become a shaper of international investment law, which include the general principles and objectives of EU external policies, the Charter of Fundamental Rights, international human rights and the international investment competences of the EU. The second part demonstrates the current international investment regime’s incompatibility with human rights interests, while the third analyzes two mechanisms stemming from trade Law – ex-ante human rights impact assessments and civil society monitoring bodies – and explores whether they could mitigate the current inequalities in the protection of rights. The potential of these mechanisms, the book argues, lies in their capacity to ensure a comprehensive assessment of all interests at stake, and to empower traditionally marginalized rights-holders to make, shape and contest the international investment regime.

YSEC Yearbook of Socio-Economic Constitutions 2020

Download YSEC Yearbook of Socio-Economic Constitutions 2020 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030437574
Total Pages : 838 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis YSEC Yearbook of Socio-Economic Constitutions 2020 by : Steffen Hindelang

Download or read book YSEC Yearbook of Socio-Economic Constitutions 2020 written by Steffen Hindelang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-29 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the very first, interdisciplinarily grounded, comprehensive appraisal of a future “Common European Law on Investment Screening”. Thereby, it provides a foundation for a European administrative law framework for investment screening by setting out viable solutions and evaluating their pros and cons. Daimler, the harbour terminal in Zeebrugge, or Saxo Bank are only three recent examples of controversially discussed company takeovers in Europe. The “elephant in the room” is China and its “Belt and Road Initiative”. The political will in Europe is growing to more actively control investments flowing into the EU. The current regulatory initiatives raise several fundamental, constitutional and regulatory issues. Surprisingly, they have not been addressed in any depth so far. The book takes stock of the current rather fragmented regulatory approaches and combines contributions from leading international academics, practitioners, and policy makers in their respective fields. Due to the volume’s comprehensive approach, it is expected to influence the broader debate on the EU’s upcoming regulation of this matter. The book is addressed to participants from academia as well as to representatives from government, business, and civil society.

International Investment Law and EU Law

Download International Investment Law and EU Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783642148545
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (485 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Investment Law and EU Law by : Marc Bungenberg

Download or read book International Investment Law and EU Law written by Marc Bungenberg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty entails sweeping changes with respect to foreign investment regulation. Most prominently, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) now contains in its Article 207 an explicit competence for the regulation of foreign direct investment as part of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP) chapter. With this new competence, the EU will become an important actor in the field of international investment politics and law. The new empowerment in the field of international investment law prompts a multitude of questions. This volume analyzes in depth the new “post-Lisbon situation” in the area of investment policy, provokes further discussion and offers new approaches.

The New EU Competence for Foreign Direct Investment. Legal Questions of its Implementation

Download The New EU Competence for Foreign Direct Investment. Legal Questions of its Implementation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668247641
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (682 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New EU Competence for Foreign Direct Investment. Legal Questions of its Implementation by : Sebastien Meilinger

Download or read book The New EU Competence for Foreign Direct Investment. Legal Questions of its Implementation written by Sebastien Meilinger and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-06-27 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, grade: 1,0 (A), Diplomatic Academy of Vienna - School of International Studies (International Law and EU Law), course: External Economic Relations and Foreign Policy of the European Union, language: English, abstract: The aim of this seminar paper will be to firstly give an overview of the role of investment treaties in general, followed by a retrospective on the legal situation of the foreign direct investments (FDI) prior the Treaty of Lisbon (TOL) and an analysis of the current legal framework. Based on primary and secondary sources, the scope of the Union’s exclusive FDI competence of Art. 206/207 TFEU will be inquired as well as questions of legal implementation centred on the issue of financial responsibility within ISDS. By addressing the legal status of the Bilateral Investment Treaties (BIT) concluded by MS the legal basis is set to analyse the Austrian Nigerian Agreement for the Promotion and Protection of Investment which was authorized by the Commission (COM)and concluded by the Republic of Austria in 2013. In this context it will be interesting to assess the potential for the template of this agreement to become a kind of EU-third country model BIT to be concluded by the Union and to which extent the content of the agreement would be covered by the Unions FDI competence. With the entering into force of the TOL the European Union was massively changed in order to take on the challenges that lie ahead in the future. Among many of those institutional changes, the powers of the Union in the field of investments have been enlarged, with FDI now being part of the Common Commercial Policy (CCP). The motivation for such a an empowerment is manifold, reaching from FDI attraction and facilitation both important for European economic growth, the establishment of a level playing field for investors, to the beneficial effect of an increased negotiation leverage. Four years have passed since the new FDI competence has been established and on the face of it not much has been achieved. Only one piece of regulation addressing questions of legal implementation has been adopted. Exclusive EU Free Trade Agreements (FTA) containing comprehensive investment provisions are still to be concluded. Nevertheless a lot of preparatory work has been conducted by the COM and the European Parliament (EP). Of course the academic debate regarding the scope of the competence is vivid as well as the other obstacles regarding the legal implementation, mainly in the field of Investor to State Dispute Settlement (ISDS).

The Free Movement of Capital and Foreign Direct Investment

Download The Free Movement of Capital and Foreign Direct Investment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199572658
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Free Movement of Capital and Foreign Direct Investment by : Steffen Hindelang

Download or read book The Free Movement of Capital and Foreign Direct Investment written by Steffen Hindelang and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-09 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a timely restatement of the EU law on free movement of capital, focusing on the effect of EU law on international investment. Through analysis of the complex case law, it sets out the rights enjoyed by investors under EU law. It criticises the growth of protectionism within Europe, and sets out the legal limits on such policies.

National Security in International and Domestic Investment Law

Download National Security in International and Domestic Investment Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000971074
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis National Security in International and Domestic Investment Law by : Yuwen Li

Download or read book National Security in International and Domestic Investment Law written by Yuwen Li and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a dynamic introduction to the new developments on national security review of foreign direct investment (FDI) from the perspectives of both domestic law and international investment law. COVID-19 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine have intensified FDI screening to an unprecedented scale, yet its purposes, scope and potential impact remain ambiguous and controversial. The book first attests the legitimacy of FDI screening by using the theory of National Security Constitution. Part I explicates the national security, public order and public health exceptions clauses in international investment law and the novel EU Regulation on FDI screening. Part II provides an in-depth analysis of FDI screening in China, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland and the UK, which have either witnessed momentous changes in domestic law recently or have adopted new laws to cope with the growing security concerns. The book illustrates how States and the EU are using legal instruments to tackle exigent and emerging challenges and the complexity of national security emanated from foreign investment, in the context of evolving disruptive digital technologies and the structural change of the global economy. The volume will be of great value to a wide range of audiences including academics in investment and trade law, legal practitioners, in-house counsels, policymakers, business professionals and law and business students at the graduate level.

EU Anti-Dumping and Other Trade Defence Instruments

Download EU Anti-Dumping and Other Trade Defence Instruments PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041139346
Total Pages : 1400 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis EU Anti-Dumping and Other Trade Defence Instruments by : Van Bael & Bellis

Download or read book EU Anti-Dumping and Other Trade Defence Instruments written by Van Bael & Bellis and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-06-06 with total page 1400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European trade defence law has expanded sufficiently in the last few years to require a new edition of this definitive work, last revised in 2004. As trade law practitioners and scholars have come to expect from the Brussels law firm Van Bael & Bellis, the fifth edition provides comprehensive, up-to-date analysis and critical commentary on EU trade defence instruments dealing with anti-dumping measures, countervailing measures, and safeguard measures, as well as measures under the Trade Barriers Regulation. It gives detailed attention to all EU cases and other developments at WTO level that have occurred up to December 2010. The emphasis throughout is on practical application of the rules. The authors cover every issue likely to arise in any trade defence matter, including all of the following and more: determining the dumping and injury margins; determining the subsidy margin; determining the causal link between dumping or subsidy and injury; determining if 'Union interest’ calls for intervention; differences between anti-dumping and anti-subsidy legislation; procedural rules applicable to complaints, initiation of proceedings, investigations, protective measures, reviews, and refunds; conditions for accepting an undertaking; measures that may be taken to prevent ‘circumvention’ of anti-dumping measures; rules for the determination of permissible adjustments; rules governing the standing of various interested parties before the European Courts; rules and procedure applicable to non-market economy countries; special rules on products originating in a developing country; allocation and administration of quantitative quotas; surveillance measures; and whether and to what extent safeguard measures are subject to judicial review. For each of the four major categories of trade defence instruments, chapters deal with the substantive rules of the trade defence instruments concerned, the relief that may be ordered under these instruments, and the procedural provisions. The important changes in the EU decision-making process for trade defence cases to be introduced in March 2011 are taken fully into account. An extensive battery of tables and annexes leads the practitioner to all the essential primary source material in the field. As a detailed and practical commentary on the international trade legislation of the Union as actually applied by the Union Institutions, this is the preeminent work in the field. Lawyers and academics involved with trade contracts or disputes need have no doubt that it is still without peer as a guide to EU trade defence instruments.

Foreign Investment Law in Central and Eastern Europe

Download Foreign Investment Law in Central and Eastern Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Foreign Investment Law in Central and Eastern Europe by : Cheryl Williamson Gray

Download or read book Foreign Investment Law in Central and Eastern Europe written by Cheryl Williamson Gray and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Conclusion and Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements

Download The Conclusion and Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1788974808
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (889 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Conclusion and Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements by : Isabelle Bosse-Platière

Download or read book The Conclusion and Implementation of EU Free Trade Agreements written by Isabelle Bosse-Platière and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book gives an overview of the main legal issues the EU faces in negotiating, concluding and implementing so-called ‘New Generation’ free trade agreements. Featuring contributions by international specialists on EU external action, this book demonstrates why these FTAs have become challenging for the EU, as well as analysing how the EU has dealt with its institutional constraints, and addresses contemporary debates and future challenges for EU institutions and Member States.