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Etude Du Vieillissement Dun Acier A Bake Hardening
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Book Synopsis Etude du vieillissement d'un acier a Bake-Hardening by : Michel Soler
Download or read book Etude du vieillissement d'un acier a Bake-Hardening written by Michel Soler and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les aciers à Bake-Hardening (BH) apportent aux constructeurs automobile le compromis qu' ils recherchent en terme d’emboutissabilité et de résistance à 1’indentation. En effet ces aciers possèdent une limite élastique relativement basse et ont la particularité de voir celle-ci augmenter d'environ 20%, après emboutissage, lors du traitement de cuisson de la peinture à l70°C. Conduisant à un gain de résistance à 1' indentation. L'objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les mécanismes micro structuraux qui se produisent lors du vieillissement d’un acier à BH préalablement déformé et leurs conséquences sur l'évolution des propriétés mécaniques de traction. Pour l'atteindre nous avons étudié le mode de déformation par bande de Lüders que l’on observe au moment de la plastification ainsi que la microstructure fine de l' acier à l'état initial et son évolution au cours du vieillissement. De nombreuses techniques de caractérisation macroscopique et microscopique du matériau ont été utilisées : traction monotone, observation des bandes de • Lüders par photoélasticimétrie, Contraste Interférentiel Différentiel et Focalisation Dynamique d'un faisceau laser, Frottement intérieur, l\11icroscopie Electronique en Transmission. L’étude de la déformation par bandes de Lüders montre que la contrainte réelle de plastification (σD relative au point noté D) du matériau vieilli est inaccessible expérimentalement et que seul le point de début de plastification homogène de 1 éprouvette (noté H) a une signification physique. A partir de H nous définissons une indicateur du durcissement par rapport à l'état pré déformé et non vieilli : le BH*. Nous suivons les variations de H et du BH* au cours des différents traitements thermomécaniques réalisés. On met ainsi en évidence deux stades d'évolution de ces paramètres. Nous étudions aussi les évolutions de la microstructure au cours du vieillissement qui conduit à considérer un mécanisme de regroupement des atomes de carbone sur les dislocations en deux étapes. Enfin nous donnons une interprétation de l’influence des évolutions microstructurales sur les variations du point H et du BH* dans tous les cas de figures étudiés
Book Synopsis Etude des phénomènes à l'origine du vieillissement des aciers pour emballage à Ultra Bas Carbone (ULC) by : Nicolas Lavaire
Download or read book Etude des phénomènes à l'origine du vieillissement des aciers pour emballage à Ultra Bas Carbone (ULC) written by Nicolas Lavaire and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le vieillissement des aciers est associé à la présence d'atomes interstitiels (carbone et/ou azote) mobiles à basse température et susceptibles de précipiter dans la matrice ou de ségréger sur les dislocations si l'acier a été préalablement écroui. Ce phénomène se traduit essentiellement par une augmentation de la résistance mécanique, une dégradation de la ductilité et l'apparition d'une déformation hétérogène (bandes de Lüders, striction) en d'autres termes, une dégradation de l'aptitude à la mise en forme de l'acier. Par contre, le vieillissement peut se révéler utile pour améliorer les performances de l'acier après mise en forme finale (aciers à "Bake Hardening " pour les tôles automobiles, augmentation de la résistance de l'acier). Dans ce travail on a cherché à quantifier les paramètres conditionnant les cinétiques et l'amplitude du vieillissement d'aciers “ ULC ” contenant quelques 10-3 % de carbone et d'azote, à savoir la quantité d'interstitiels libres (atomes de carbone et d'azote susceptibles de participer au vieillissement), le taux d'écrouissage et les conditions de vieillissement (temps et température). La détermination de la quantité d'interstitiels libres (carbone et azote) a fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie. Il en ressort que la mesure de frottement interne, habituellement utilisée à cet effet, ne permet pas la détermination absolue de ces quantités. Une méthodologie originale s'appuyant sur des mesures de pouvoir thermoélectrique a été mise au point. Ces mesures associées à d'autres techniques d'observation (MET, sonde atomique ...) ont permis d'étudier la précipitation du carbone dans les aciers ULC, et de proposer une description des états microstructuraux dans lesquels se trouvent carbone et azote après les différentes étapes du process de ces aciers. Il a également été démontré que la mesure du pouvoir thermoélectrique permettait de suivre la cinétique de ségrégation des interstitiels sur les dislocations. Il en est ressorti que la quantité d'interstitiels susceptibles de ségréger sur les dislocations était fonction de l'écrouissage et de la quantité initiale d'interstitiels libres, sans qu'il soit possible de distinguer le carbone et l'azote. L'étude de la redéformation d'aciers ULC préalablement déformés et vieillis a aussi mis en évidence le désancrage des dislocations piégées et la remise en solution des interstitiels formant les atmosphères de Cottrell, interstitiels qui de ce fait se trouvent de nouveau disponibles pour participer à un vieillissement ultérieur. Enfin un certain nombre de résultats expérimentaux semble montrer la nécessité de la prise en compte d'interactions substitutionnel-interstitiel dans ce type d'aciers, ce qui ouvre des perspectives intéressantes quant aux possibilités d'optimisation de ces nuances.
Book Synopsis Etude du vieillissement d'un acier extradoux après laminage à froid "skin-pass by : Jean-François Corneaux
Download or read book Etude du vieillissement d'un acier extradoux après laminage à froid "skin-pass written by Jean-François Corneaux and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Étude de l'influence du carbone et de l'azote sur le vieillissement après écrouissage d'un acier doux élaboré au four électrique by : Serge Jacques
Download or read book Étude de l'influence du carbone et de l'azote sur le vieillissement après écrouissage d'un acier doux élaboré au four électrique written by Serge Jacques and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Etude du vieillissement d'un acier extra-doux à grain fin après un léger laminage à froid "skin-pass". Evolution des propriétés mécaniques et des contraintes internes by : Bernard Amiot
Download or read book Etude du vieillissement d'un acier extra-doux à grain fin après un léger laminage à froid "skin-pass". Evolution des propriétés mécaniques et des contraintes internes written by Bernard Amiot and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Adhesion between polymers and concrete / Adhésion entre polymères et béton by : H. R. Sasse
Download or read book Adhesion between polymers and concrete / Adhésion entre polymères et béton written by H. R. Sasse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preface Adhesion is a phenomenon architects and civil engineers are not very familiar with. In other disciplines knowledge about surface properties and the background of bonding energies is also far from satisfactory; nevertheless there are many important· applications in concrete engineering, where adhesion is necessary for success and durability. These include: - coating and painting - repair of concrete surfaces - bonding of fresh to old concrete - crack injection - glueing of precast elements - glueing of steel to concrete, etc. In 1981 RILEM established the technical committee 52-RAC 'Resin Adherence to Concrete'. The main aims of the committee's work were - to collect research results and practical experiences - to initiate and coordinate research programs - to develop, on a scientific base, test methods for field and for laboratory purposes. One of the results of the committee's work is a state-of-the-art report, which will be presented orally as a General Report at the International Symposium ISAP '86, and will be printed either in the RILEM journal Materials and Structures or separately. Several test recommendations have been elaborated and will be prepared as drafts for the participants ofISAP '86. These are: - direct tensile test - pull-off test - direct shear test - slant shear test - four-point bending test - dynamic loading test - thermal compatibility test (two versions) - injectibility test.
Book Synopsis Dictionary of Civil Engineering by : Jean-Paul Kurtz
Download or read book Dictionary of Civil Engineering written by Jean-Paul Kurtz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I am pleased to present a work which marks a milestone in the history of public works and, more precisely, in that of permanent structures—a comprehensive dictionary of Civil Engineering terms. Since the beginning of time, Man has always tried to find a means to clear the obstacles which nature erected to displace him. With the first tree trunk thrown across a river, man sought to improve the crossing structure. After the invention of the wheel, and to satisfy his thirst for conquest (Roman ways), and comfort (aqueducts), man built bridges that became a preremptory necessity to move quickly. Thus, Man started to build wooden and masonry works. With the passing centuries, the builders became masters in the art of building masonry works. Then came the Industrial Revolution and the advent of the steel (1864), which was closely followed by the invention of the reinforced concrete (1855). The need for railways and improving the road network inspired great works of crossing such as viaducts and tunnels. The boom of the railway network and the development of the car required the construction of an increasing number of new structures. This phenomenon continues today with hundreds of structures built each year throughout the world.
Author :United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :338 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division
Download or read book Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brief definitions "intended to be as clear as possible to the non-expert, but accuracy has not been compromised for the sake of readability. Mathematics has been used where necessary to avoid ambiguity."--Intro. Published 1965.
Book Synopsis Trends in Vital Food and Control Engineering by : Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa
Download or read book Trends in Vital Food and Control Engineering written by Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an example of a successful addition to the literature of bioengineering and processing control within the scientific world. The book is divided into twelve chapters covering: selected topics in food engineering, advances in food process engineering, food irradiation, food safety and quality, machine vision, control systems and economics processing. All chapters have been written by renowned professionals working in food engineering and related disciplines.
Book Synopsis Generalized Continua as Models for Classical and Advanced Materials by : Holm Altenbach
Download or read book Generalized Continua as Models for Classical and Advanced Materials written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to an actual topic which is the focus world-wide of various research groups. It contains contributions describing the material behavior on different scales, new existence and uniqueness theorems, the formulation of constitutive equations for advanced materials. The main emphasis of the contributions is directed on the following items - Modelling and simulation of natural and artificial materials with significant microstructure, - Generalized continua as a result of multi-scale models, - Multi-field actions on materials resulting in generalized material models, - Theories including higher gradients, and - Comparison with discrete modelling approaches
Book Synopsis Generalized Models and Non-classical Approaches in Complex Materials 1 by : Holm Altenbach
Download or read book Generalized Models and Non-classical Approaches in Complex Materials 1 written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-24 with total page 799 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of 2 special volumes dedicated to the memory of Gérard Maugin. Including 40 papers that reflect his vast field of scientific activity, the contributions discuss non-standard methods (generalized model) to demonstrate the wide range of subjects that were covered by this exceptional scientific leader. The topics range from micromechanical basics to engineering applications, focusing on new models and applications of well-known models to new problems. They include micro–macro aspects, computational endeavors, options for identifying constitutive equations, and old problems with incorrect or non-satisfying solutions based on the classical continua assumptions.
Book Synopsis Generalized Continua - from the Theory to Engineering Applications by : Holm Altenbach
Download or read book Generalized Continua - from the Theory to Engineering Applications written by Holm Altenbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the roots of continuum mechanics in differential geometry -- a review.- Cosserat media.- Cosserat-type shells.- Cosserat-type rods.- Micromorphic media.- Electromagnetism and generalized continua.- Computational methods for generalized continua. The need of generalized continua models is coming from practice. Complex material behavior sometimes cannot be presented by the classical Cauchy continua. At present the attention of the scientists in this field is focused on the most recent research items • new models, • application of well-known models to new problems, • micro-macro aspects, • computational effort, and • possibilities to identify the constitutive equations The new research directions are discussed in this volume - from the point of view of modeling and simulation, identification, and numerical methods.
Book Synopsis Mesoscale Models by : Sinisa Mesarovic
Download or read book Mesoscale Models written by Sinisa Mesarovic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book helps to answer the following questions: How far have the understanding and mesoscale modeling advanced in recent decades, what are the key open questions that require further research and what are the mathematical and physical requirements for a mesoscale model intended to provide either insight or a predictive engineering tool? It is addressed to young researchers including doctoral students, postdocs and early career faculty,
Download or read book Food Safety written by Steven Ricke and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems offers a systems approach to learning how to understand and address some of the major complex issues that have emerged in the food industry. The book is broad in coverage and provides a foundation for a practical understanding in food safety initiatives and safety rules, how to deal with whole-chain traceability issues, handling complex computer systems and data, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, safety education, and more. Recent scientific industry developments are written by experts in the field and explained in a manner to improve awareness, education and communication of these issues. Examines effective control measures and molecular techniques for understanding specific pathogens Presents GFSI implementation concepts and issues to aid in implementation Demonstrates how operation processes can achieve a specific level of microbial reduction in food Offers tools for validating microbial data collected during processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms in foods
Book Synopsis Mechanics of Strain Gradient Materials by : Albrecht Bertram
Download or read book Mechanics of Strain Gradient Materials written by Albrecht Bertram and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 50 years, strain gradient material theories have been developed for the continuum modeling of size effects in materials and structures in terms of their elasticity, plasticity and fracturing. This book puts forward a unifying perspective to combine existing theories involving the higher order gradient of the strain tensor, or of plastic strain. It begins by reviewing experimental findings on the existence (or non-existence) of size effects on the mechanics of materials. In turn, the book devises first, second and higher order strain gradient theories from general principles, and presents constitutive frameworks that satisfy thermodynamic requirements. The special case of strain gradient plasticity is then developed and illustrated via computational analyses of size effects on the plasticity of metals at small scales. In closing, the book explains the origin of gradient effects in the case of lattice structures by drawing on homogenization theory.
Book Synopsis Multiscale Methods in Computational Mechanics by : René de Borst
Download or read book Multiscale Methods in Computational Mechanics written by René de Borst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-09 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work gives a modern, up-to-date account of recent developments in computational multiscale mechanics. Both upscaling and concurrent computing methodologies will be addressed for a range of application areas in computational solid and fluid mechanics: Scale transitions in materials, turbulence in fluid-structure interaction problems, multiscale/multilevel optimization, multiscale poromechanics. A Dutch-German research group that consists of qualified and well-known researchers in the field has worked for six years on the topic of computational multiscale mechanics. This text provides a unique opportunity to consolidate and disseminate the knowledge gained in this project. The addition of chapters written by experts outside this working group provides a broad and multifaceted view of this rapidly evolving field.
Download or read book Reactor Fuel Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
