Etude des défauts induits par recuit laser excimère dans le silicium

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Etude des défauts induits par recuit laser excimère dans le silicium by : Richard Monflier

Download or read book Etude des défauts induits par recuit laser excimère dans le silicium written by Richard Monflier and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La micro-électronique est un domaine exigeant, en constante évolution, motivé par le secteur applicatif et les besoins des utilisateurs. La réalisation de jonctions ultra-minces et fortement dopées est un enjeu majeur pour la poursuite de son évolution, et notamment pour son composant de base, le transistor MOS. Dans ce contexte, de nouvelles techniques de dopage permettant d'obtenir des jonctions ultra-minces ont été développées. Le recuit par laser nanoseconde (LTA) en mode " melt " est une de ces techniques. En effet, il permet une très forte activation locale (en surface et en profondeur) et une distribution uniforme des dopants. Ce procédé utilisé en laboratoire depuis les années 1980 dans la fabrication des cellules solaires offre également de nouvelles possibilités technologiques comme le développement d'architectures 3D. Néanmoins, des dégradations électriques de paramètres sensibles aux défauts tels que la mobilité et le courant inverse d'un transistor MOS ou la durée de vie des porteurs dans le cas de cellule photovoltaïque ont été observées. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse propose une étude rigoureuse des défauts générés par recuit laser en deux volets. Le premier volet traite de l'impact du recuit laser sur les propriétés physiques du silicium et repose essentiellement sur des caractérisations approfondies par spectroscopie infrarouge et photoluminescence d'échantillons silicium non intentionnellement dopés soumis à diverses conditions de recuits par impulsions laser à excimère. L'étude met en évidence la formation de défauts suite au procédé de recuit laser. Leur identification a permis d'affirmer l'introduction d'impuretés d'oxygène et de carbone durant le recuit. A partir de cette identification, le suivi en profondeur par spectroscopie de masse à ionisation secondaire de chacune des impuretés a été effectué révélant une augmentation de la concentration et de la diffusion des impuretés avec l'augmentation de la densité d'énergie du laser et/ou du nombre de tirs. A haute énergie laser, les profils de concentration d'oxygène montrent la présence d'un pic immobile (en concordance avec la solubilité limite de l'oxygène dans le silicium liquide) associé à des cavités de silicium observées par microscopie électronique en transmission (MET). L'origine de ces impuretés est discutée ; la caractérisation de véhicules tests dédiés a permis de définir l'oxyde natif comme étant leurs sources. Le second volet permet de répondre au second objectif qui consiste à évaluer l'impact du recuit laser sur les propriétés électriques de composants à base de silicium et s'appuie sur la caractérisation de diodes Schottky et PN préalablement fabriquées. Les résultats obtenus constituent un moyen supplémentaire pour, non seulement localiser les défauts électriquement actifs, mais également les identifier. Les caractéristiques courant-tension des diodes montrent systématiquement l'impact du recuit sur le courant de fuite, paramètre sensible aux défauts. Plus spécifiquement, le courant de fuite se dégrade avec l'augmentation de la densité d'énergie. Ces mesures électriques ont permis également de mettre en évidence la présence de défauts localisés à l'interface liquide/solide, défauts ayant un fort impact sur les propriétés électriques des diodes. Les résultats sont en accord avec la littérature qui suggère la présence de lacunes à cette interface. Pour aller plus loin, des mesures de DLTS ont été effectuées et dévoilent, selon la localisation (zone fondue ou interface), des signatures singulières laissant présager plusieurs types de défauts.

ICREEC 2019

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811554447
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis ICREEC 2019 by : Ahmed Belasri

Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.

ZnO Thin Films

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536160864
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis ZnO Thin Films by : Paolo Mele

Download or read book ZnO Thin Films written by Paolo Mele and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an n-type semiconductor with versatile applications such as optical devices in ultraviolet region, piezoelectric transducers, transparent electrode for solar cells and gas sensors. This book "ZnO Thin Films: Properties, Performance and Applications" gives a deep insight in the intriguing science of zinc oxide thin films. It is devoted to cover the most recent advances and reviews the state of the art of ZnO thin films applications involving energy harvesting, microelectronics, magnetic devices, photocatalysis, photovoltaics, optics, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity, electrochemistry, temperature sensing. It serves as a fundamental information source on the techniques and methodologies involved in zinc oxide thin films growth, characterization, post-deposition plasma treatments and device processing. This book will be invaluable to the experts to consolidate their knowledge and provide insight and inspiration to beginners wishing to learn about zinc oxide thin films.

International Law in Financial Regulation and Monetary Affairs

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199668191
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis International Law in Financial Regulation and Monetary Affairs by : Thomas Cottier

Download or read book International Law in Financial Regulation and Monetary Affairs written by Thomas Cottier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysing the emerging international legal framework governing financial institutions and markets, including monetary policies and monetary regulation, this book addresses the cross border issues that arise within this area. It highlights the lack of formal international law present, and shows how this contributed to the global financial crisis.

War in an Age of Revolution, 1775-1815

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521899966
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis War in an Age of Revolution, 1775-1815 by : Roger Chickering

Download or read book War in an Age of Revolution, 1775-1815 written by Roger Chickering and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-08 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume examine the historical place of revolutionary warfare on both sides of the Atlantic, focusing on the degree to which they extended practices common in the eighteenth century or introduced fundamentally new forms of warfare.

Forest Fire Research

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789892021577
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (215 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest Fire Research by : Universidade de Coimbra

Download or read book Forest Fire Research written by Universidade de Coimbra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Henry E. Sigerist

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Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783034303200
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Henry E. Sigerist by : Henry Ernest Sigerist

Download or read book Henry E. Sigerist written by Henry Ernest Sigerist and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957) is known as the most influential medical historian in the first half of the 20th century. More than that he was a scholar of an unusually broad spectrum of activities. 50 years after his death he is still the subject of publications. During his active life in Zurich, Leipzig, Baltimore, and again in Switzerland he exchanged letters with some 300 correspondents of all walks of cultural life. The letters to Sigerist as well as the copies of his own letters are preserved in near completeness, a fact that allowed an unabridged and annotated edition. This volume contains Sigerist's correspondences with the architect of American medicine, William H. Welch, the pioneer brain surgeon, Harvey Cushing, the medical bibliographer, Fielding H. Garrison, and the medical historian, Erwin H. Ackerknecht. The letters allow insight into the correspondents' biographies and activities, their private lives, and relationships between persons, topics, and books. They also reflect the eventful time of the mid-20th century. To each of the four correspondences is added an introduction and indices of literary works and of persons mentioned.

ImageScapes

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Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783039105731
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis ImageScapes by : Christian Emden

Download or read book ImageScapes written by Christian Emden and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2010 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between different media has emerged as one of the most important areas of research in contemporary cultural and literary studies. But how should we conceive of the relationship between texts and images today? Should we speak of collaboration, interaction or competition? What is the role of literary, historical and scientific texts in a culture dominated by the visual? What is the status of images as cultural artefacts? Are images forms of representation, do they simulate reality or do they intervene in the material world? And how do literature and cultural theory - themselves essentially textual discourses - react to the much-discussed visual turn within Western culture? Does the concept of 'intermediality' allow literary, historical and cultural scholars to envisage a more general theory of media? Addressing these questions from a programmatic point of view, the articles in this volume investigate the effects of different forms of representation in modern European and American literature, media and thought.

International Law, Conflict and Development

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047440935
Total Pages : 678 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

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Book Synopsis International Law, Conflict and Development by : Walter Kälin

Download or read book International Law, Conflict and Development written by Walter Kälin and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-01-11 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experience and research have long shown an intrinsic link between human rights, conflict and development. This interdependence between different areas, doctrines, and disciplines calls for a genuinely coherent, holistic approach in International Affairs. With the challenges the work for the protection and respect of humanity encounters, this book intends to bring together articles and ideas that indicate the complexity of such an endeavor. The chapters, written by academics and practitioners encompass snapshots of crucial development lines as well as conceptual ideas and frameworks. In doing so the book provides insight to the principal understanding that peace efforts, encapsulating human rights, conflict management and development, can only be sustained and flourish as long as conflicting parties have at least a minimal consensus and will to settle their differences peacefully. As a Liber Amicorum for Joseph Voyame the book honors the determination for humanity and respect for human dignity and peaceful mitigation of conflict which marked his life and work.

Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849806357
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)

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Book Synopsis Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity by : Christoph Beat Graber

Download or read book Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity written by Christoph Beat Graber and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This collection of legal, philosophical, economic, and cultural perspectives ultimately makes a strong case for the potential value of game environments for addressing diversity issues, but also raises important concerns regarding implementation of corporate and government policies in this sector highly recommended for anyone exploring this emerging field.' Benjamin T. Duranske, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, US 'Videogaming is serious business. But the legal and theoretical implications of online and virtual environments are little understood. Professor Graber and Ms. Burri-Nenova have done a masterful job of bringing together several insightful articles that inform us about the business, legal and sociological implications of digital gaming. Innovative, fast-paced, and engaging as games themselves, these scholarly works provide invaluable insight for academics, policy makers and perhaps even participants themselves about the reality behind virtual worlds.' Shubha Ghosh, University of Wisconsin Law School, US 'This is an excellent and path-breaking collection of sharp and carefully researched essays. It provides wonderful insights on numerous important aspects of the complex relationship between play, cultural diversity, communications policy, and the governance of virtual societies. The phenomenal growth of these new digital realms has raised important questions across the academic disciplines, making this book's interdisciplinary focus extremely helpful to potential regulators and university scholars alike.' Greg Lastowka, Rutgers School of law, Camden, US This innovative book provides transdisciplinary analyses of the nature and dynamics of digital game environments whilst tackling the existing fragmentation of academic research. Digital game environments are of increasing economic, social and cultural value. As their influence on diverse facets of life grows, states have felt compelled to intervene and secure some public interests. Yet, the contours of a comprehensive governance model are far from recognisable and governments are grappling with the complexity and fluidity of online games and virtual worlds as private spaces and as experimentation fields for creativity and innovation. This book contributes to a more comprehensive and fine-grained understanding of digital game environments, which is a precondition for addressing any of the pressing governance questions posed. Particular attention is given to the concept and policy objective of cultural diversity, which also offers a unique entry point into the discussion of the appropriate legal regulation of digital games. Governance of Digital Game Environments and Cultural Diversity will be of interest to researchers of media law, internet law and governance, cultural studies, anthropology and sociology. As the book addresses a highly topical theme, it will attract the attention of policymakers at national, regional and international levels and will also serve as a great resource tool for scholars in new media and in particular digital games and virtual worlds.

Beyond Writing Culture

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Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1845458176
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (454 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Writing Culture by : Olaf Zenker

Download or read book Beyond Writing Culture written by Olaf Zenker and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2010-05-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two decades after the publication of Clifford and Marcus’ volume Writing Culture, this collection provides a fresh and diverse reassessment of the debates that this pioneering volume unleashed. At the same time, Beyond Writing Culture moves the debate on by embracing the more fundamental challenge as to how to conceptualise the intricate relationship between epistemology and representational practices rather than maintaining the original narrow focus on textual analysis. It thus offers a thought-provoking tapestry of new ideas relevant for scholars not only concerned with ‘the ethnographic Other’, but with representation in general.

Pragmatism and Modernities

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789460913433
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Pragmatism and Modernities by : Daniel Tröhler

Download or read book Pragmatism and Modernities written by Daniel Tröhler and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pragmatism belongs - at least to a certain degree - to the Protestant-based reaction towards the economic, social, and political developments of the time in the US, and it is no coincidence that the pragmatists all came from religious families if not even theologian families. But these life conditions have changed over the course of the last century as much as the Protestant self-assurance has been questioned more and more. The question discussed in this book by international scholars is as to whether the possible modernity of pragmatism of around and after 1900 can still be labeled modern today, in the modernity (or post-modernity) around and after 2000. Has philosophy and philosophy of education found better alternatives? Have the alternatives of the time around 1900 proven to be better? Were the contemporary critics of pragmatism right? These questions are discussed in fourteen chapters clustered in three lager parts: The first part deals with pragmatism and modernity around 1900, the second part discusses contemporary alternatives to pragmatism and critics of pragmatism, and the third and last part of the book deals with the modernity of pragmatism today. Intended audience: philosophers philosophers of education historians historians of education religious educators historians of sociology cultural historians political scientists postmodernists"

The Metaphysics of Consciousness

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis The Metaphysics of Consciousness by : Pierfrancesco Basile

Download or read book The Metaphysics of Consciousness written by Pierfrancesco Basile and published by . This book was released on 2010-08-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new collection of essays brings together leading contemporary philosophers of mind to re-examine the key question: what is consciousness?

The Cultural Landscape & Heritage Paradox

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Publisher : Amsterdam University Press
ISBN 13 : 9089641556
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cultural Landscape & Heritage Paradox by : Tom Bloemers

Download or read book The Cultural Landscape & Heritage Paradox written by Tom Bloemers and published by Amsterdam University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The basic problem is to what extent we can know past and mainly invisible landscapes, and how we can use this still hidden knowledge for actual sustainable management of landscape's cultural and historical values. It has also been acknowledged that heritage management is increasingly about 'the management of future change rather than simply protection'. This presents us with a paradox: to preserve our historic environment, we have to collaborate with those who wish to transform it and, in order to apply our expert knowledge, we have to make it suitable for policy and society. The answer presented by the Protection and Development of the Dutch Archaeological-Historical Landscape programme (pdl/bbo) is an integrative landscape approach which applies inter- and transdisciplinarity, establishing links between archaeological-historical heritage and planning, and between research and policy.

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789462090651
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training by : Stefan C. Wolter

Download or read book Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training written by Stefan C. Wolter and published by . This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training is a new academic journal in the field of Vocational Education and Training (VET). In recent years many countries have developed a new interest in creating or strengthening the vocational part of the educational system, both at the basic and higher education level. These developments ask for a sound scientific underpinning of policy decisions and have therefore created a new need for empirically oriented academic research in VET issues. The new journal will address VET-specific questions from different academic disciplines emphasizing empirical work that fulfils highest methodological and statistical standards of research. The journal Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training will follow developments throughout the world in vocational training institutions and companies. The journal welcomes comparative studies that allow to empirically compare the effectiveness, efficiency and equity in different VET systems at the school-, company and systemic level. The journal has the goal to cover a broad range of topics in the VET field from all relevant scientific disciplines. The journal has therefore an international pluridisciplinary editorial board and also an advisory board with leading international academics in the fields of pedagogy, psychology, sociology and economics. The targeted audience of the journal are academics and researchers in the field of VET. In addition the empirical orientation of the journal should make it and interesting source of information for policy-makers, policy planners and administrators, school-leaders and trainers in the field of VET. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training publishes empirical work in all fields of VET from basic VET to continuous or adult learning. All contributions are peer reviewed by at least 2 anonymous referees.

Children, Memory, and Family Identity in Roman Culture

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Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0199582572
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

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Book Synopsis Children, Memory, and Family Identity in Roman Culture by : Véronique Dasen

Download or read book Children, Memory, and Family Identity in Roman Culture written by Véronique Dasen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations into the daily life of Roman families show that children were key actors in the process of the construction of social memory: they were the pivotal point of the transmission of family tradition and values in both elite and non-elite families. This collection of essays draws together the perspectives of various disciplines to provide a multifaceted picture of the Roman family based on a wide range of evidence drawn from the 1st century BCE to Late Antiquity and theChristian period. The contributors define the notion of memory, discuss the role of children in the transmission of social memory and social identities, and also deal with threats to familial memory, in the cases of children deliberately or accidentally excluded from tradition, long believed to beinvisible, such as those born at home to slaves, or outcast because of illness or their unusual status, for example as the offspring of an incestuous relationship.

Disputing the Floodplains

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Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004185372
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Disputing the Floodplains by : Tobias Haller

Download or read book Disputing the Floodplains written by Tobias Haller and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: African Floodplains in semi-arid areas are important for local livelihoods as they harbor many common-pool resources such as fisheries, pasture, wildlife, veldt products, water and land for irrigation. However, in many of these areas resources are under pressure. This book is presenting seven case studies from Mali, Cameroon, Tanzania, Zambia and Botswana based on anthropological fieldwork (2002-08) and explores how these common-pool resources have been managed in pre-colonial, colonial and postcolonial times. The major focus of the study is how institutional change has contributed to resource management problems and offers a comparative analysis based on the New Institutionalist approach (Jean Ensminger, Elinor Ostrom), which is combined with a special focus on ideology, discourse and narratives while focusing on conflict and power issues. With a foreword by Elinor Ostrom. This book has received the Environmental Research Award 2011 of the University of Bern, Switzerland.