Estonia And Poland

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The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795

Author : Daniel Z. Stone
Publisher : University of Washington Press
ISBN 13 : 0295803622
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795 by : Daniel Z. Stone

Download or read book The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386-1795 written by Daniel Z. Stone and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For four centuries, the Polish�Lithuanian state encompassed a major geographic region comparable to present-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, Latvia, Estonia, and Romania. Governed by a constitutional monarchy that offered the numerous nobility extensive civil and political rights, it enjoyed unusual domestic tranquility, for its military strength kept most enemies at bay until the mid-seventeenth century and the country generally avoided civil wars. Selling grain and timber to western Europe helped make it exceptionally wealthy for much of the period. The Polish�Lithuanian State, 1386�1795 is the first account in English devoted specifically to this important era. It takes a regional rather than a national approach, considering the internal development of the Ukrainian, Jewish, Lithuanian, and Prussian German nations that coexisted with the Poles in this multinational state. Presenting Jewish history also clarifies urban history, because Jews lived in the unincorporated "private cities" and suburbs, which historians have overlooked in favor of incorporated "royal cities." In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the private cities and suburbs often thrived while the inner cities decayed. The book also traces the institutional development of the Roman Catholic Church in Poland�Lithuania, one of the few European states to escape bloody religious conflict during the Reformation and Counter Reformation. Both seasoned historians and general readers will appreciate the many excellent brief biographies that advance the narrative and illuminate the subject matter of this comprehensive and absorbing volume.

Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Country Studies

Author : Walter Iwaskiw
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781490435572
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Country Studies by : Walter Iwaskiw

Download or read book Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Country Studies written by Walter Iwaskiw and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is one in a continuing series of books prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. This volume is about Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania

Author : Lonely Planet
Publisher : Lonely Planet
ISBN 13 : 1760341444
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania by : Lonely Planet

Download or read book Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania written by Lonely Planet and published by Lonely Planet. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lonely Planet: The world's leading travel guide publisher Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania is your passport to the most relevant, up-to-date advice on what to see and skip, and what hidden discoveries await you. Soak up history in Estonia's Old Towns, enjoy a midsummer bonfire and beer in Lithuania and take a traditional sauna and spa in Latvia; all with your trusted travel companion. Get to the heart of Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania and begin your journey now! Inside the Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania Travel Guide: Colour maps and images throughout Highlights and itineraries help you tailor your trip to your personal needs and interests Insider tips to save time and money and get around like a local, avoiding crowds and trouble spots Essential info at your fingertips - hours of operation, phone numbers, websites, transit tips, prices Honest reviews for all budgets - eating, sleeping, sight-seeing, going out, shopping, hidden gems that most guidebooks miss Cultural insights give you a richer, more rewarding travel experience - history, people, landscape, architecture, greetings, etiquette Over 70 maps Covers Estonia, Tallinn, Lahemaa National Park, Rakvere, Narva, Tartu, Valga, Muhu, Saaremaa, Helsinki, Latvia, R?ga, Kurzeme, J?rmala, Kemeri National Park, Talsi, Lithuania, Vilnius, Paneriai, Trakai, Kalingrad and more eBook Features: (Best viewed on tablet devices and smartphones) Downloadable PDF and offline maps prevent roaming and data charges Effortlessly navigate and jump between maps and reviews Add notes to personalise your guidebook experience Seamlessly flip between pages Bookmarks and speedy search capabilities get you to key pages in a flash Embedded links to recommendations' websites Zoom-in maps and images Inbuilt dictionary for quick referencing The Perfect Choice: Lonely Planet Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania, our most comprehensive guide to the region, is perfect for both exploring top sights and taking roads less travelled. Looking for more extensive coverage? Check out Lonely Planet Eastern Europe for a comprehensive look at all these countries have to offer Authors: Written and researched by Lonely Planet. About Lonely Planet: Since 1973, Lonely Planet has become the world's leading travel media company with guidebooks to every destination, an award-winning website, mobile and digital travel products, and a dedicated traveller community. Lonely Planet covers must-see spots but also enables curious travellers to get off beaten paths to understand more of the culture of the places in which they find themselves. TripAdvisor Travelers' Choice Awards winner in Favorite Travel Guide category for 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book may not contain all of the images found in the physical edition.

Overcoming Obstacles to Liberalization of the Telecom Sector in Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary

Author : Robert Bruce
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821345153
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (451 download)

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Book Synopsis Overcoming Obstacles to Liberalization of the Telecom Sector in Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary by : Robert Bruce

Download or read book Overcoming Obstacles to Liberalization of the Telecom Sector in Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary written by Robert Bruce and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study emerges from discussions with representatives of the World Bank and high-level representatives of government and the telecommunications services industry in Hungary, Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Hungary. It considers the problems inherent with the liberalization of the telecom sector. This publication is a Technical Paper sponsored by the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Network of the World Bank's Europe and Central Asia Division. It is part of a comprehensive series regarding the many important factors that influence European Union (EU) accession in the Central and East European countries (CEEC). The topics in the series cover both the social and economic aspects of accession across a broad range of sectors. The series also provides background information for specific acceding countries. These publications will be of interest to EU member and candidate countries, their ministries, and any one studying the accession issue.

OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264531718
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (645 download)

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Book Synopsis OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Economic Surveys: Estonia 2019 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s economy continues to perform well, and growing incomes support well-being. However, the expansion has peaked, and growth is set to soften due to weak international demand. Prudent fiscal policy has resulted in low debt, but spending pressures related to meeting infrastructure needs and ageing are mounting. Old age poverty is high and the proposal to allow early withdrawal of pension funds threatens macroeconomic stability and pension adequacy. The gender wage gap is among the highest in the OECD, and inequalities in income and health are considerable, reflecting gaps in the social safety net. The oil-shale sector is highly energy-intensive and is the main culprit behind Estonia’s high greenhouse gas emissions, but reducing dependence on the sector is challenging, as it is an important employer and meets 70% of Estonia’s energy needs.

Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania

Author : Library of Congress. Federal Research Division
Publisher : Bernan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780844408514
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania by : Library of Congress. Federal Research Division

Download or read book Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania written by Library of Congress. Federal Research Division and published by Bernan Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research completed January 1995.

Language Conflicts in Contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine

Author : Ksenia Maksimovtsova
Publisher : Ibidem Press
ISBN 13 : 9783838212821
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Language Conflicts in Contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine by : Ksenia Maksimovtsova

Download or read book Language Conflicts in Contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine written by Ksenia Maksimovtsova and published by Ibidem Press. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are language policy and usage politicized in contemporary Estonia, Latvia, and Ukraine? This study presents a cross-cultural qualitative and quantitative analysis of publications in leading Russian-language blogs and news websites of these three post-Soviet states during the period of 2004-2017.

Presidential Activism and Veto Power in Central and Eastern Europe

Author : Philipp Köker
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331951914X
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Presidential Activism and Veto Power in Central and Eastern Europe by : Philipp Köker

Download or read book Presidential Activism and Veto Power in Central and Eastern Europe written by Philipp Köker and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-20 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the use of presidential powers in Central and East Europe between 1990 and 2010. Focussing on presidential vetoes and the formation of governments, it maps patterns of presidential activism and its determinants across nine democracies. Thereby, it combines the analysis of original quantitative data on the use of presidential powers with in-depth case studies in an innovative mixed-methods framework. Based on regression analyses and unique insights from numerous elite interviews, the study shows strong support for the hitherto insufficiently tested assumption that popularly elected presidents are more active than their indirectly elected counterparts. As one of the first comprehensive comparative studies of presidential activism and veto power in Europe, this book will be a key resource not only for area specialists but also for scholars of presidential studies, comparative government, and executives.

Fragmentation in East Central Europe

Author : Klaus Richter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192581635
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Fragmentation in East Central Europe by : Klaus Richter

Download or read book Fragmentation in East Central Europe written by Klaus Richter and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First World War led to a radical reshaping of Europe's political borders. Nowhere was this transformation more profound than in East Central Europe, where the collapse of imperial rule led to the emergence of a series of new states. New borders intersected centuries-old networks of commercial, cultural, and social exchange. The new states had to face the challenges posed by territorial fragmentation and at the same time establish durable state structures within an international order that viewed them as, at best, weak, and at worst, as merely provisional entities that would sooner or later be reintegrated into their larger neighbours' territory. Fragmentation in East Central Europe challenges the traditional view that the emergence of these states was the product of a radical rupture that naturally led from defunct empires to nation states. Using the example of Poland and the Baltic States, it retraces the roots of the interwar states of East Central Europe, of their policies, economic developments, and of their conflicts back to the First World War. At the same time, it shows that these states learned to harness the dynamics caused by territorial fragmentation, thus forever changing our understanding of what modern states can do.

Estonia as a Captive Nation

Author : Pauli A. Heikkilä
Publisher : Brill Schoningh
ISBN 13 : 9783506791825
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis Estonia as a Captive Nation by : Pauli A. Heikkilä

Download or read book Estonia as a Captive Nation written by Pauli A. Heikkilä and published by Brill Schoningh. This book was released on 2021-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Armies of the Baltic Independence Wars 1918–20

Author : Nigel Thomas
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472830792
Total Pages : 65 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Armies of the Baltic Independence Wars 1918–20 by : Nigel Thomas

Download or read book Armies of the Baltic Independence Wars 1918–20 written by Nigel Thomas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immediately following the end of World War I, amid the collapse of the German, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires, bitter fighting broke out in the Baltic region as Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania struggled for their independence, and Red and White Russian armies began their civil war. There were also German forces still active in what had been the northern end of Germany's Eastern Front. This book offers a concise but detailed introduction to this whole theatre of war, focusing on the Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and relevant German and Russian forces, plus Finnish, Danish and Swedish contingents. For each region there is a detailed map as well as meticulous orders-of-battle and insignia charts. Detailed for the first time in the English language, this fascinating book concisely tells the story of the birth of these Baltic nation states.

Institutional Design and Party Government in Post-Communist Europe

Author : Csaba Nikolenyi
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191662798
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Institutional Design and Party Government in Post-Communist Europe by : Csaba Nikolenyi

Download or read book Institutional Design and Party Government in Post-Communist Europe written by Csaba Nikolenyi and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-10-30 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books examines the institutional foundations of coalition government in the ten post-communist democracies of Eastern and Central Europe for the 1990-2010 period: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. Its central argument is that differences in the arrangement of political institutions systematically explain variations in patterns of multi-party government across these states. The book starts with the premise that electoral systems and constitutional provisions about the powers, the structure, and the relationship between parliament and the presidency determine the degree to which political power is dispersed or concentrated in the political system. On the basis of these institutional features, three groups of states are distinguished with regard to their degree of power concentration; the substantive chapters of the book demonstrate how these institutional combinations and differences shape three specific facets of party government which capture the main stages of the lifecycle of coalitions governments: the formation of electoral coalitions, government formation and government duration. Specifically, three comparative chapters assess the impact of institutional power concentration on the size of electoral coalitions; the likelihood that political parties form a minority government; and the number of days that a government lasts in office. The main finding of the book is that power concentration matters: political parties in those democracies where institutions are designed to concentrate political power tend to form large electoral coalitions, they tend to form majority rather than undersized governments, and they build more durable cabinets. In addition, the book contains a detailed case study of government formation in Hungary and a previously unstudied comparison of indirect presidential elections in four states: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary and Latvia. Comparative Politics is a series for students, teachers, and researchers of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu.

Reconstructing Solidarity

Author : Virginia Doellgast
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192509640
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconstructing Solidarity by : Virginia Doellgast

Download or read book Reconstructing Solidarity written by Virginia Doellgast and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work is widely thought to have become more precarious. Many people feel that unions represent the interests of protected workers in good jobs at the expense of workers with insecure employment, low pay, and less generous benefits. Reconstructing Solidarity: Labour Unions, Precarious Work, and the Politics of Institutional Change in Europe argues the opposite: that unions try to represent precarious workers using a variety of creative campaigning and organizing tactics. Where unions can limit employers' ability to 'exit' labour market institutions and collective agreements, and build solidarity across different groups of workers, this results in a virtuous circle, establishing union control over the labour market. Where they fail to do so, it sets in motion a vicious circle of expanding precarity based on institutional evasion by employers. Ieconstructing Solidarity examines how unions build, or fail to build, inclusive worker solidarity to challenge this vicious circle and to re-regulate increasingly precarious jobs. Comparative case studies from fourteen European countries describe the struggles of workers and unions in industries such as local government, retail, music, metalworking, chemicals, meat packing, and logistics. Their findings argue against the thesis that unions act primarily to protect labour market insiders at the expense of outsiders.

Life in Post-Communist Eastern Europe after EU Membership

Author : Donnacha O Beachain
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136299815
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Life in Post-Communist Eastern Europe after EU Membership by : Donnacha O Beachain

Download or read book Life in Post-Communist Eastern Europe after EU Membership written by Donnacha O Beachain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-06-25 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how membership of the European Union has affected life in the ten former communist countries of Eastern Europe that are now members of the European Union. For each country, political, economic and social changes are described and discussed, together with people’s perceptions of the effects of EU membership. Overall, the book shows how the benefits of EU membership have differed between different countries, and how perceptions about the benefits also differ and have changed over time.

Climate Policy in Denmark, Germany, Estonia and Poland

Author : Franziska Ehnert
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1788979400
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Policy in Denmark, Germany, Estonia and Poland by : Franziska Ehnert

Download or read book Climate Policy in Denmark, Germany, Estonia and Poland written by Franziska Ehnert and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By opening a new dialogue between scholars of public policy and those of public administration, Climate Policy in Denmark, Germany, Estonia and Poland offers a timely contribution to climate policy analysis. This innovative book explores how and why policies are changed or continued by employing in-depth studies from a diverse range of EU countries. Analytical and accessible, this explorative book will be of value to scholars and students of climate policy, public policy and public administration, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

Being Poland

Author : Tamara Trojanowska
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442650184
Total Pages : 853 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Being Poland by : Tamara Trojanowska

Download or read book Being Poland written by Tamara Trojanowska and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being Poland offers a unique analysis of the cultural developments that took place in Poland after World War One, a period marked by Poland's return to independence. Conceived to address the lack of critical scholarship on Poland's cultural restoration, Being Poland illuminates the continuities, paradoxes, and contradictions of Poland's modern and contemporary cultural practices, and challenges the narrative typically prescribed to Polish literature and film. Reflecting the radical changes, rifts, and restorations that swept through Poland in this period, Polish literature and film reveal a multitude of perspectives. Addressing romantic perceptions of the Polish immigrant, the politics of post-war cinema, poetry, and mass media, Being Poland is a comprehensive reference work written with the intention of exposing an international audience to the explosion of Polish literature and film that emerged in the twentieth century.

Perspectives on the Enlargement of the European Union

Author : Cameron Ross
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004496610
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Perspectives on the Enlargement of the European Union by : Cameron Ross

Download or read book Perspectives on the Enlargement of the European Union written by Cameron Ross and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a historic decision at its Copenhagen Conference in June 1993, the European Union gave the green light to an eastward expansion. Initially, invitations to join the EU went out to just six countries of the former Soviet bloc: Poland, Hungary, the Czech and Slovak republics, Romania, and Bulgaria. However, it was not long before there was a queue of other applicants from Eastern Europe pressing at the EU’s gates. There were real fears in some quarters that the economic reforms demanded for entry into the EU would bring about more ‘shock’ than ‘therapy’ in Eastern Europe, and that a rapid move to the market would undermine support for democracy. This volume of essays, by a group of internationally recognised experts, focuses on the eastward expansion of the European Union and the EU’s relations with the applicant states. The primary aim of the volume is to provide a historical and analytical account of the enlargement process and to provide readers with a scholarly road map to guide them through the intricacies of the rapidly changing enlargement terrain. After region-wide studies of the enlargement process, there are case studies of eight countries: Bulgaria, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Poland, and Estonia.