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Estimation Of The Influence Of Artificial Roadway Lighting On Road Collision Frequency
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Book Synopsis Estimation of the Influence of Artificial Roadway Lighting on Road Collision Frequency by : Nagham Matout
Download or read book Estimation of the Influence of Artificial Roadway Lighting on Road Collision Frequency written by Nagham Matout and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Road accidents in Quebec registered a total of 104,070 collisions with 39,541 victims of injuries and 436 fatalities in 2012 alone. Driving in dark environments increases the risk of accident likelihood for which artificial roadway lighting is typically seen as a countermeasure. However, it is unknown if non-standard levels of lighting help in reducing collision frequency, representing the case for many inconsistently illuminated roads under municipal jurisdiction. This research collected illuminance measurements for the Arthabasca region in Quebec. The collected data was combined with available operational and geometrical characteristics as well as collision frequency, to investigate what variables explain nighttime road crashes and how different levels of artificial lighting correlate with them. It was found that the presence of an intersection and having a slippery road surface produced more collisions. Roads with a complex geometry as well as traffic volume explain higher collision rates. Either standard or non-standard illuminated roads resulted in an increase of road collision frequency as compared to dark sites. Definition of standard illumination seems not to correspond to the statistical evidence herein found. Increasing the minimum level of illuminance for standard lighting helps in reducing collision frequency at standard lit sites as illuminance levels were raised. Quebec warrant grid system seems to give preference to illuminate roads at either urban locations or in the proximity to an intersection. A good correlation between all illuminated sites and a variable containing urban and suburban land uses was found. Empirical evidence also suggests that dark locations correspond mostly to rural sites (possibly with lower volumes of cars) which observe lower frequency of road collisions.
Book Synopsis A Method to Calibrate Roadway Lighting Warrants and Levels with Crash-History by : Mustafa Al-Dulaimi
Download or read book A Method to Calibrate Roadway Lighting Warrants and Levels with Crash-History written by Mustafa Al-Dulaimi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year hundreds of night time road collisions result in fatalities and injuries in Canada. Roadway lighting is considered as the main countermeasure to prevent nighttime crashes. Provision of lighting follows two industry standards in North America: one for the warrants and the other for minimum recommended levels. The warrant system assigns scores to highway segments based on geometrical, operational and functional characteristics as well as the collision history through a night-to-day crash-ratio. Transportation agencies in North America had manifested their interest in simplifying the warrant system; eliminating elements and/or modifying lighting values, however, there is a need for a method to support lighting decisions over its effectiveness as a countermeasure. This thesis presents a novel method to calibrate lighting warrants and to identify effective levels of lighting in order to reduce the severity and frequency of night-time collisions. This new method uses an evidence-based mechanism to connect lighting warrants with statistical analysis of collisions in order to adjust the scores of the warrant. It also connects the estimation of lighting levels with evidence-based statistical analysis of crash-history in order to identify recommended levels of luminance, illuminance and uniformity variations. The method expands the industry standards by providing the decision maker with two alternate non-exclusive approaches supported over collisions’ frequency and severity criteria. A large-scale case study for highways in Quebec was used to calibrate the warrants and identified recommended levels of luminance of at least 1.5cd/m2, maximum uniformities of illuminance of 1.5 and of luminance of 8 times to prevent severe and frequent collisions. A case study of Arthabaska region in Quebec found that levels of luminance should be increased for every functional classification of roads that values of uniformity must be reduced, and that levels of illuminance increased to reduce severe collisions. The novel methods developed in this research will provide province/state transportation agencies and municipalities with the capability of not only allocating lighting when is needed and justified, but also of selecting the optimal levels that result in effective reductions in nighttime road collision frequency and severity, signifying safer roads for the society at large.
Book Synopsis Exploring the Effect of Weather on Nighttime Road Collisions by : Ajhay Sathiyanarayanan
Download or read book Exploring the Effect of Weather on Nighttime Road Collisions written by Ajhay Sathiyanarayanan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roadway artificial lighting assists drivers to navigate to their final destination at night time. Despite less traffic during such period of time, most fatal accidents occur at dark conditions. Factors such as fatigue, impaired driving, poor visibility and excessive speed contribute to make driving during night more dangerous than any other time of day. The impact of weather conditions on lighting to explain road collisions has not been investigated in the literature. This thesis explores weather at the time of road collisions during nighttime for accidents observed at Victoria Ville in Quebec. Available data encompassed various characteristics including values of illuminance measured during 2014 for the entire network in one night. Values of various lighting parameters were measured again at different weather conditions and attached to the database. Two analyses were conducted: One with the change in lighting conditions for roads in the region and the other without making any changes to understand the impact of weather on visibility issues leading to collisions. Two methods of representation of collisions and various road segment sizes were tested. The results show that the recommended approach is to consider weather dependent illuminance, luminance and Unified Glare Index values for each individual collision. If the analysis is based on collisions frequency, then 100 meter segments are recommended, if the analysis is based on collisions severity, then 500 meters segments are advisable.
Author :United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :646 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Report No. FHWA-RD. by : United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development
Download or read book Report No. FHWA-RD. written by United States. Federal Highway Administration. Offices of Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Research in Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Interim Report Covering a 17-country Inventory by : International Road Federation
Download or read book An Interim Report Covering a 17-country Inventory written by International Road Federation and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Publisher :AASHTO ISBN 13 :156051325X Total Pages :134 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (65 download)
Book Synopsis Roadway Lighting Design Guide by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Download or read book Roadway Lighting Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2005 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide replaces the 1984 publication entitled An Informational Guide for Roadway Lighting. It has been revised and brought up to date to reflect current practices in roadway lighting. The guide provides a general overview of lighting systems from the point of view of the transportation departments and recommends minimum levels of quality. The guide incorporates the illuminance and luminance design methods, but does not include the small target visibility (STV) method.
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 966 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society by :
Download or read book Transactions of the Illuminating Engineering Society written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting by : Catherine Rich
Download or read book Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting written by Catherine Rich and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While certain ecological problems associated with artificial night lighting are widely known-for instance, the disorientation of sea turtle hatchlings by beachfront lighting-the vast range of influences on all types of animals and plants is only beginning to be recognized. From nest choice and breeding success of birds to behavioral and physiological changes in salamanders, many organisms are seriously affected by human alterations in natural patterns of light and dark. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting is the first book to consider the environmental effects of the intentional illumination of the night. It brings together leading scientists from around the world to review the state of knowledge on the subject and to describe specific effects that have been observed across a full range of taxonomic groups, including mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, fishes, invertebrates, and plants. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting provides a scientific basis to begin addressing the challenge of conserving the nighttime environment. It cogently demonstrates the vital importance of this until-now neglected topic and is an essential new work for conservation planners, researchers, and anyone concerned with human impacts on the natural world.
Download or read book Highway Research News written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues for 1963- include section: Urban transportation research digest.
Download or read book Light and Lighting written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Lighting for Driving by : Peter R. Boyce
Download or read book Lighting for Driving written by Peter R. Boyce and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By considering vehicle, signal, and road lighting as integrated means of communication, this unique authoritative work explains the thinking and scientific reasoning behind various forms of lighting and analyzes their contribution to the driver's understanding of real and potential road hazards. Attention is also given to how these forms of lighting are likely to evolve in response to the development of new technology and an improved understanding of ergonomics.
Book Synopsis Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Geoinformatics by : Saro Lee
Download or read book Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Geoinformatics written by Saro Lee and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-04-09 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Application of Artificial Neural Networks in Geoinformatics" that was published in Applied Sciences
Download or read book Nation's Traffic written by and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
