Estimating Causal Effects Of Early Occupational Choice On Later Health

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Estimating causal effects of early occupational choice on later health : evidence using the PSID

Author : Jason Fletcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (436 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimating causal effects of early occupational choice on later health : evidence using the PSID by : Jason Fletcher

Download or read book Estimating causal effects of early occupational choice on later health : evidence using the PSID written by Jason Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we provide some of the first empirical evidence of whether early occupational choices are associated with lasting effects on health status, affecting individuals as they age. We take advantage of data on occupational histories available in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine this issue. To the PSID data, we merge historical Census data that reflect the labor market conditions when each individual in the PSID made his first occupational choice. These data on labor market conditions (e.g. state-level share of blue collar workers) allow us to instrument for occupational choice in order to alleviate endogeneity bias. We use parental occupation as additional instruments. Since our instruments may have indirect effects on later health, we also control for respondent's pre-labor market health, education and several family and state background characteristics in order to make the instruments more plausibly excludable. We find substantial evidence that a blue collar occupation at labor force entry is associated with decrements to later health status, ceteris paribus. These health effects are larger after controlling for endogeneity and are similar across sets of instruments. We also find differences in the effects of occupation by gender, race, and age.

The impact of early occupational choice on health behaviors

Author : Inas Rashad Kelly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (711 download)

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Book Synopsis The impact of early occupational choice on health behaviors by : Inas Rashad Kelly

Download or read book The impact of early occupational choice on health behaviors written by Inas Rashad Kelly and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Occupational choice is a significant input into individuals' health investments, operating in a manner that can be either health-promoting or health-depreciating. Recent studies have highlighted the potential importance of initial occupational choice on subsequent outcomes pertaining to morbidity. This study is the first to assess the existence and strength of a causal relationship between initial occupational choice at labor entry and subsequent health behaviors and habits. We utilize the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to analyze the effect of first occupation, as identified by industry category and blue collar work, on subsequent health outcomes relating to body mass index, obesity, alcohol consumption, and physical activity in 1999-2005. Our findings suggest that initial occupations described as craft, operative, and service are related to higher body mass index and obesity later in life, while labor occupations are related to higher probabilities of smoking later in life. Blue collar work early in life is associated with increased probabilities of obesity and smoking, and decreased physical activity later in life, although effects may be masked by unobserved heterogeneity. Few effects are found for the effect of initial occupation on alcohol consumption. The weight of the evidence bearing from various methodologies, which account for non-random unobserved selection, indicates that at least part of this effect is consistent with a causal interpretation. These estimates also underscore the potential durable impact of early labor market experiences on later health

The Effects of First Occupation on Long Term Health Status

Author : Jason M. Fletcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of First Occupation on Long Term Health Status by : Jason M. Fletcher

Download or read book The Effects of First Occupation on Long Term Health Status written by Jason M. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we use a longitudinal survey that has collected information for 50 years on a large cohort of Wisconsin high school graduates and their siblings to examine the long term impact of early occupational choice on health status. We find evidence that beginning a career in a blue collar occupation is correlated with several measures of poor health outcomes at ages 50-65. Since our dataset includes usually unobserved pre-labor market characteristics, including IQ and childhood health status, we can show that controlling for these variables is important for many results and suggests a high level of selection into occupation based on health and ability. We also provide evidence of gender differentials in the association between first occupation and later health. Then, we replace our basic measure of occupational categories with summary measures of job characteristics and find that employment at “bad jobs” at the beginning of an individual's career predicts later health outcomes. Finally, we use sibling information in the dataset to show that unmeasured family background factors explain a large share of the effects of occupation on later health. Overall, the evidence points to limited, though heterogeneous, long term effects of health from blue collar employment.

On the dynamics of health, work and socioeconomic status

Author : Ana Llena Nozal
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9051706472
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis On the dynamics of health, work and socioeconomic status by : Ana Llena Nozal

Download or read book On the dynamics of health, work and socioeconomic status written by Ana Llena Nozal and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Early Career, Life-Cycle Choices, and Gender

Author : Itzik Fadlon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Career, Life-Cycle Choices, and Gender by : Itzik Fadlon

Download or read book Early Career, Life-Cycle Choices, and Gender written by Itzik Fadlon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do early labor market experiences determine longer-run life and career outcomes, and do they operate differentially for males and females? We study this question in the context of the physician labor market by exploiting a randomized lottery that determines the sorting of Danish physicians into internships, where students with bad lottery numbers end up assigned to less desirable local labor markets and entry-level jobs. Using administrative data that span up to ten years after physicians' graduations, we study key decisions that determine their longer-run life trajectories. We find causal effects of early-career labor market sorting on a range of life-cycle outcomes that cascade from longer-run labor market sorting, to human capital accumulation, to occupational choice, and even to fertility. Notably, we find that the persistent longer-run effects are entirely driven by females, whereas males experience only temporary career disruptions from unfavorable early-stage sorting. The gender divergence is unlikely to be explained by preferences over entry-level markets, but differential family obligations, attitude toward competition, and mentorship appear to play operative roles. Our findings have implications for policies aiming at outcome-based gender equality, as they reveal how persistent gaps can arise even in an institutionally gender-neutral setting with early-stage equality of opportunity.

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309092116
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life by : National Research Council

Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.

The Effects of Occupational Knowledge

Author : Nils Saniter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Occupational Knowledge by : Nils Saniter

Download or read book The Effects of Occupational Knowledge written by Nils Saniter and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the causal link between individuals' occupational knowledge, educational choices, and labor market outcomes. We proxy occupational knowledge with mandatory visits to job information centers (JICs) in Germany while still attending school. Exogenous variation in the location and timing of JIC openings allow estimating causal effects in a difference-in-difference setup. Combining linked survey-administrative data with data on JICs permits to detect whether individuals benefited from the comprehensive information service when they were young.The results suggest that individuals, who went to school in administrative districts with a JIC, have higher educational attainments and a smoother transfer to the labor market than students who did not have access to these facilities. However, we find no effects on individuals' earnings in their first job or later in life. Overall, our results confirm the importance of policies that promote occupational knowledge among young adults.

Handbook of Labor Economics

Author : Orley Ashenfelter
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780444501899
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Labor Economics by : Orley Ashenfelter

Download or read book Handbook of Labor Economics written by Orley Ashenfelter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the continually evolving field of labour economics.

The Study of the Impact of Early Life Conditions on Later Life Events: A Look Across the Individuals's Life Course

Author : Sumedha Gupta
Publisher : Rozenberg Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9036101794
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis The Study of the Impact of Early Life Conditions on Later Life Events: A Look Across the Individuals's Life Course by : Sumedha Gupta

Download or read book The Study of the Impact of Early Life Conditions on Later Life Events: A Look Across the Individuals's Life Course written by Sumedha Gupta and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Health Labor Market Analyses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author : Richard M. Scheffler
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464809321
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Labor Market Analyses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by : Richard M. Scheffler

Download or read book Health Labor Market Analyses in Low- and Middle-Income Countries written by Richard M. Scheffler and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-10-19 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, produced jointly by the World Bank, the University of California, Berkeley, and the WHO, aims to provide decision-makers at sub-national, national, regional and global levels with additional insights into how to address their workforce challenges rather than describe them. In order to optimize and align HRH investments and develop targeted policy responses, a thorough understanding of unique, country-specific labor market dynamics and determinants of these dynamics is critical. Policies need to take into account the fact that workers are economic actors, responsive to different levels of compensation and opportunities to generate revenue found in different sub-labor markets. Policies need to take into account the behavioral characteristics of the individuals who provide health care, but also the individuals who consume health care services and the institutions that employ health personnel. In other words, it is necessary to understand the determinants of both the supply (numbers of health workers willing to work in the health sector) and the demand for health workers (resources available to hire health workers), how these interact, and how this interaction varies in different contexts. This interaction will determine the availability of health personnel, their distribution as well as their performance levels, thus ensuring stronger health systems capable to deliver universal health coverage. The book is structured to be of use to researchers, planners, and economists who are tasked with analyzing key areas of health labor markets, including overall labor market assessments as well as and more narrow and targeted analyses of demand and supply (including production and migration), performance, and remuneration of health workers. The chapters, written by a number of internationally renowned experts on Human Resources for Health, discuss data sources and empirical tools that can be used to assess health labor markets across high-, middle- or low-income countries, but draws primarily from examples and case-studies in LMICs.

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

Author : Roger Detels
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019881013X
Total Pages : 1717 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health by : Roger Detels

Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health written by Roger Detels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 1717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline

Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and on the Job

Author : Solomon W. Polachek
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1839099321
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and on the Job by : Solomon W. Polachek

Download or read book Change at Home, in the Labor Market, and on the Job written by Solomon W. Polachek and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do changes at home, in the labor market and on the job affect worker well-being? This volume of Research in Labor Economics contains eight original and insightful articles answering this question. Seven deal with demographic and labor market change, and one deals with wage differences essentially at a point in time.

Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences

Author : G. Arminger
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489912924
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences by : G. Arminger

Download or read book Handbook of Statistical Modeling for the Social and Behavioral Sciences written by G. Arminger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors thoroughly survey the most important statistical models used in empirical reserch in the social and behavioral sciences. Following a common format, each chapter introduces a model, illustrates the types of problems and data for which the model is best used, provides numerous examples that draw upon familiar models or procedures, and includes material on software that can be used to estimate the models studied. This handbook will aid researchers, methodologists, graduate students, and statisticians to understand and resolve common modeling problems.

The Economics of Health Care in Asia-Pacific Countries

Author : Teh-wei Hu
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781782542728
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Health Care in Asia-Pacific Countries by : Teh-wei Hu

Download or read book The Economics of Health Care in Asia-Pacific Countries written by Teh-wei Hu and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to control ever-increasing health care expenditure, Western and Asian countries are seeking to develop more efficient health care models. Studies on health care that focus specifically on Asian countries are rare, rendering this a unique and welcome addition to the literature. This book presents quantitative research on various aspects of health care reform and health policy in Asia-Pacific countries such as China, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the US - nations diverse in their economic development, social demographic structure and health care expenditures.

Estimands, Estimators and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials

Author : Craig Mallinckrodt
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429950055
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Estimands, Estimators and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials by : Craig Mallinckrodt

Download or read book Estimands, Estimators and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials written by Craig Mallinckrodt and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-23 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concepts of estimands, analyses (estimators), and sensitivity are interrelated. Therefore, great need exists for an integrated approach to these topics. This book acts as a practical guide to developing and implementing statistical analysis plans by explaining fundamental concepts using accessible language, providing technical details, real-world examples, and SAS and R code to implement analyses. The updated ICH guideline raises new analytic and cross-functional challenges for statisticians. Gaps between different communities have come to surface, such as between causal inference and clinical trialists, as well as among clinicians, statisticians, and regulators when it comes to communicating decision-making objectives, assumptions, and interpretations of evidence. This book lays out a path toward bridging some of these gaps. It offers  A common language and unifying framework along with the technical details and practical guidance to help statisticians meet the challenges  A thorough treatment of intercurrent events (ICEs), i.e., postrandomization events that confound interpretation of outcomes and five strategies for ICEs in ICH E9 (R1)  Details on how estimands, integrated into a principled study development process, lay a foundation for coherent specification of trial design, conduct, and analysis needed to overcome the issues caused by ICEs:  A perspective on the role of the intention-to-treat principle  Examples and case studies from various areas  Example code in SAS and R  A connection with causal inference  Implications and methods for analysis of longitudinal trials with missing data Together, the authors have offered the readers their ample expertise in clinical trial design and analysis, from an industrial and academic perspective.

Research Methods in Practice

Author : Dahlia K. Remler
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1544318405
Total Pages : 650 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Methods in Practice by : Dahlia K. Remler

Download or read book Research Methods in Practice written by Dahlia K. Remler and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated to reflect changes in both research and methods, this Third Edition of Remler and Van Ryzin’s innovative, standard-setting text is imbued with a deep commitment to making social and policy research methods accessible and meaningful. Research Methods in Practice: Strategies for Description and Causation motivates readers to examine the logic and limits of social science research from academic journals and government reports. A central theme of causation versus description runs through the text, emphasizing the idea that causal research is essential to understanding the origins of social problems and their potential solutions. Readers will find excitement in the research experience as the best hope for improving the world in which we live, while also acknowledging the trade-offs and uncertainties in real-world research.

Education Systems and Inequalities

Author : Andreas Hadjar
Publisher : Policy Press
ISBN 13 : 1447335139
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (473 download)

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Book Synopsis Education Systems and Inequalities by : Andreas Hadjar

Download or read book Education Systems and Inequalities written by Andreas Hadjar and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EPUB and EPDF available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. How do education systems shape educational inequalities and differences in educational outcomes? And how do advantages and disadvantages in educational attainment translate into privileges and shortcomings in labour market and general life chances? Education systems and inequalities compares different education systems and their impact on creating and sustaining social inequalities. The book considers key questions such as how education systems impact educational inequalities along such variables as social origin, gender, ethnicity, migration background or ability and what social mechanisms are behind the links between education system and educational inequalities and provides vital evidence to inform debates in policy and reform.