Essays On Subsidies Technology Diffusion And The Returns To Education

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Essays on Subsidies, Technology Diffusion and the Returns to Education

Author : Yumin Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Subsidies, Technology Diffusion and the Returns to Education by : Yumin Li

Download or read book Essays on Subsidies, Technology Diffusion and the Returns to Education written by Yumin Li and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents two lines of research on solar photovoltaic (PV) market and the returns to education respectively. The research on solar PV industry includes discussion of incentive pass-through for residential solar market, and the effects of government subsidies and a new business model (the third-party ownership) on consumers' solar demand. The research on the returns to education is about decomposition and comparison of linear estimators. The first chapter is about supply side of the solar industry. It measures incentive pass-through for third-party contracts in the California Solar Initiative (CSI). Previous studies found nearly complete pass-through for host-owned systems. In this chapter, the incentive pass-through rate for third-party contracts is estimated based on a unique dataset and we find that pass-through ranging from 40% to 45%, suggesting an incomplete pass-through. The second chapter estimates consumer demand of solar and discusses the effects of the third-party ownership (TPO) business model and government subsidies on the diffusion of PV. The demand model is estimated using the 2007-2013 PV installation data from the CSI program. Our counterfactual simulations indicate that TPO contributes 36% of the total installations. Of this, TPO products have gained 70% of the market share by attracting new customers into the market. If no incentives were provided, around 17% of the existing systems would not have installed. If TPO adoptions were not eligible for subsidies and the government allocates all subsidies to host-owned adoptions, there would be 16% more installations than under current policy. Based on our results, if the goal is to increase PV adoption, solar incentive programs should subsidize less on TPO products than on host-owned products. My final chapter is about linear estimators of the returns to education. This chapter examines the implications of the linearity restriction for estimating returns to education when the marginal effects of education on earnings are nonlinear. A reweighted OLS estimator, which would be more comparable across samples, is proposed. We show that the difference between OLS and IV estimators can be decomposed into two parts: the difference due to the bias in OLS marginal effect estimates and the difference due to different weights. This decomposition method could help to explain the puzzle that the linear IV estimates of return to education are generally higher than OLS estimates. By decomposition of the difference between OLS and IV estimates, we find that the difference is mainly driven by selection bias.

Essays on Skill-biased Technology Diffusion

Author : Rosinda M. F. Magalhães
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (824 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Skill-biased Technology Diffusion by : Rosinda M. F. Magalhães

Download or read book Essays on Skill-biased Technology Diffusion written by Rosinda M. F. Magalhães and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My thesis is a collection of three essays that consider various aspects of a skillbiased technology diffusion as well as skill premium, human capital acumulation and redistributive policies. The first chapter, co-authored with Christian Hellström, investigates the effects of skill-bisead technology change (SBTC) on income inequality and skills supply in the last 30 years in the US. In spite of the intensive debate about the effects of SBTC, its general equilibrium effects on the accumulation of skills and labor supply have been neglected. Thus, we build a dynamic general equilibrium model, in which growth is driven by skill-biased technology diffusion. Households have forward-looking expectations, and differ in terms of innate and idiosyncratic acquisition of skills. Contrary to pure technology progress models, technology diffusion models provide an explanation for the slowdown of the skill premium in the 70s compatible with the slow productivity growth. We find that first, technology diffusion raises the demand for skills and, consequently, the supply of skills. Second, skill-biased technology diffusion explains both the slowdown and the sharp increase of the skill premium observed in the 70s and 80s, respectively. In spite of the slowdown of the skill premium in the 70s, households anticipate the speed up of the technology diffusion and raise their investment in education, even during the economic slowdown. Therefore, the skills supply has continually increased since the 70s. Through a calibration exercise, we replicate the US trends for the skill-premium, skills supply, unskilled wages, consumption inequality and labor supply. The second chapter is motivated by the finding that the skill-biased technology diffusion increases both the skill-premium and skills supply in the last 30 years in the US . This chapter analyzes the effectiveness of redistributive policies in periods of technology diffusion. We build a microfounded general equilibrium model with skill-biased technology diffusion, endogenous labor supply, schooling decisions and redistributive policies. We show that, under endogenous schooling decisions, lump-sum transfers are ineffective. This policy raises the skill premium, in particular during the economic boom and in the long run, and reduces the social welfare during almost all of the technology cycle. Yet education subsidies incentivize the investment in education, decreasing the skill premium, raising the skills supply and social welfare. The investment in education tends to be counter-cyclical. On the one hand, forward-looking individuals anticipate the increase of demand for skills during the economic boom, increasing their investment in education during the economic recession. On the other hand, they also anticipate the maturation of the technology diffusion, reducing their investment in education during the economic boom. Finally, we show that education subsidies are Pareto-effcient, increasing welfare of both high- and low-skilled individuals. The third chapter endogenizes the technology diffusion path assumed in the first chapter. This chapter presents a two-sector growth model that explains the adoption of a skill-biased technology. There are two types of technology: low-tech and high-tech, and the latter is more productive and skill-biased. Technology is not embodied. To adopt high-technology, users must pay an instantaneous adoption cost, which decreases over time due to technology progress. Firms are homogeneous and act strategically, maximizing their profits given their rivals' behavior, leading to a technology sequential adoption pattern due to stock effects. We found that the decrease of the adoption cost and the increase of the technology knowledge due to learning effects leads to an increasing technology diffusion over time. The former has an constant effect over time, but for the latter, although positive, the effect is not constant, changing the speed of the technology diffusion over time.

Essays on Political Economy

Author : Frédéric Bastiat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Download or read book Essays on Political Economy written by Frédéric Bastiat and published by . This book was released on 1853 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Technological Change and the Environment

Author : Arnulf Grübler
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136522913
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Technological Change and the Environment by : Arnulf Grübler

Download or read book Technological Change and the Environment written by Arnulf Grübler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is written in the popular literature about the current pace of technological change. But do we have enough scientific knowledge about the sources and management of innovation to properly inform policymaking in technology dependent domains such as energy and the environment? While it is agreed that technological change does not 'fall from heaven like autumn leaves,' the theory, data, and models are deficient. The specific mechanisms that govern the rate and direction of inventive activity, the drivers and scope for incremental improvements that occur during technology diffusion, and the spillover effects that cross-fertilize technological innovations remain poorly understood. In a work that will interest serious readers of history, policy, and economics, the editors and their distinguished contributors offer a unique, single volume overview of the theoretical and empirical work on technological change. Beginning with a survey of existing research, they provide analysis and case studies in contexts such as medicine, agriculture, and power generation, paying particular attention to what technological change means for efficiency, productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. The book includes a historical analysis of technological change, an examination of the overall direction of technological change, and general theories about the sources of change. The contributors empirically test hypotheses of induced innovation and theories of institutional innovation. They propose ways to model induced technological change and evaluate its impact, and they consider issues such as uncertainty in technology returns, technology crossover effects, and clustering. A copublication o Resources for the Future (RFF) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).

Essays on Technology Diffusion in Endogenous Growth Models

Author : Yasuyuki Todo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Technology Diffusion in Endogenous Growth Models by : Yasuyuki Todo

Download or read book Essays on Technology Diffusion in Endogenous Growth Models written by Yasuyuki Todo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays in History

Author : Charles Poor Kindleberger
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472110025
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays in History by : Charles Poor Kindleberger

Download or read book Essays in History written by Charles Poor Kindleberger and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classic Kindleberger: Engaging and stimulating reading on eclectic topics in finance, economics, and the life of this captivating author

Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality

Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris

Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.

World Development Report 2019

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464813566
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis World Development Report 2019 by : World Bank

Download or read book World Development Report 2019 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-10-31 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.

Virtual Inequality

Author : Karen Mossberger
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781589014817
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (148 download)

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Book Synopsis Virtual Inequality by : Karen Mossberger

Download or read book Virtual Inequality written by Karen Mossberger and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-18 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That there is a "digital divide"—which falls between those who have and can afford the latest in technological tools and those who have neither in our society—is indisputable. Virtual Inequality redefines the issue as it explores the cascades of that divide, which involve access, skill, political participation, as well as the obvious economics. Computer and Internet access are insufficient without the skill to use the technology, and economic opportunity and political participation provide primary justification for realizing that this inequality is a public problem and not simply a matter of private misfortune. Defying those who say the divide is growing smaller, this volume, based on a unique national survey that includes data from over 1800 respondents in low-income communities, shows otherwise. In addition to demonstrating why disparities persist in such areas as technological abilities, the survey also shows that the digitally disadvantaged often share many of the same beliefs as their more privileged counterparts. African-Americans, for instance, are even more positive in their attitudes toward technology than whites are in many respects, contrary to conventional wisdom. The rigorous research on which the conclusions are based is presented accessibly and in an easy-to-follow manner. Not content with analysis alone, nor the untangling of the complexities of policymaking, Virtual Inequality views the digital divide compassionately in its human dimensions and recommends a set of practical and common-sense policy strategies. Inequality, even in a virtual form this book reminds us, is unacceptable and a situation that society is compelled to address.

The Next Digital Decade

Author : Berin Szoka
Publisher : TechFreedom
ISBN 13 : 0983820600
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (838 download)

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Book Synopsis The Next Digital Decade by : Berin Szoka

Download or read book The Next Digital Decade written by Berin Szoka and published by TechFreedom. This book was released on 2011-06-10 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Poverty and Famines

Author : Amartya Sen
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191037435
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Poverty and Famines by : Amartya Sen

Download or read book Poverty and Famines written by Amartya Sen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 1983-01-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of this book is on the causation of starvation in general and of famines in particular. The author develops the alternative method of analysis—the 'entitlement approach'—concentrating on ownership and exchange, not on food supply. The book also provides a general analysis of the characterization and measurement of poverty. Various approaches used in economics, sociology, and political theory are critically examined. The predominance of distributional issues, including distribution between different occupation groups, links up the problem of conceptualizing poverty with that of analyzing starvation.

Innovation, Learning, and Technological Dynamism of Developing Countries

Author : Sunil Mani
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation, Learning, and Technological Dynamism of Developing Countries by : Sunil Mani

Download or read book Innovation, Learning, and Technological Dynamism of Developing Countries written by Sunil Mani and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development scholars from the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, India, and Britain highlight examples of developing countries creating their own technology rather than, or often in conjunction with obtaining it from elsewhere, as is the usual practice. The nine studies were presented at an conference in Maastricht; no date is noted. Annotation 2004

Technology and Social Inclusion

Author : Mark Warschauer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262303698
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Technology and Social Inclusion by : Mark Warschauer

Download or read book Technology and Social Inclusion written by Mark Warschauer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the discussion about new technologies and social equality has focused on the oversimplified notion of a "digital divide." Technology and Social Inclusion moves beyond the limited view of haves and have-nots to analyze the different forms of access to information and communication technologies. Drawing on theory from political science, economics, sociology, psychology, communications, education, and linguistics, the book examines the ways in which differing access to technology contributes to social and economic stratification or inclusion. The book takes a global perspective, presenting case studies from developed and developing countries, including Brazil, China, Egypt, India, and the United States. A central premise is that, in today's society, the ability to access, adapt, and create knowledge using information and communication technologies is critical to social inclusion. This focus on social inclusion shifts the discussion of the "digital divide" from gaps to be overcome by providing equipment to social development challenges to be addressed through the effective integration of technology into communities, institutions, and societies. What is most important is not so much the physical availability of computers and the Internet but rather people's ability to make use of those technologies to engage in meaningful social practices.

Development and International Economics

Author : André Nyembwe
Publisher : Presses univ. de Louvain
ISBN 13 : 9782874631214
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and International Economics by : André Nyembwe

Download or read book Development and International Economics written by André Nyembwe and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2008 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a collection of interesting analytical views on contemporaneous issues of development and international economics such as globalization, brain drain toward developed countries, the European business cycle’s impact on African economies, the importance of capital maintenance for growth, and so on. The research results provided by the authors, of whom several are – or have been – members of the Académie Louvain, can be used as starting points for further development of the various covered fields. The book turns out to be a “value-added” contribution to economic literature advances and a remarkable opportunity to honor the memory of Michel Norro, who had a long-lasting career in teaching international economics and critiquing development policies, with a special focus on those which affect African economies. People interested in African economy analysis have inherited his valuable book Économies africaines.

Dissertation Abstracts International

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Triple Helix

Author : Henry Etzkowitz
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135925275
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (359 download)

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Book Synopsis The Triple Helix by : Henry Etzkowitz

Download or read book The Triple Helix written by Henry Etzkowitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions is the key to innovation in increasingly knowledge-based societies. As the creation, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge moves from the periphery to the center of industrial production and governance, the concept of innovation, in product and process, is itself being transformed. In its place is a new sense of 'innovation in innovation' - the restructuring and enhancement of the organizational arrangements and incentives that foster innovation. This triple helix intersection of relatively independent institutional spheres generates hybrid organizations such as technology transfer offices in universities, firms, and government research labs and business and financial support institutions such as angel networks and venture capital for new technology-based firms that are increasingly developing around the world. The Triple Helix describes this new innovation model and assists students, researchers, and policymakers in addressing such questions as: How do we enhance the role of universities in regional economic and social development? How can governments, at all levels, encourage citizens to take an active role in promoting innovation in innovation and, conversely, how can citizens so encourage their governments? How can firms collaborate with each other and with universities and government to become more innovative? What are the key elements and challenges to reaching these goals?

Laptops and Literacy

Author : Mark Warschauer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Laptops and Literacy by : Mark Warschauer

Download or read book Laptops and Literacy written by Mark Warschauer and published by . This book was released on 2006-09-25 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines laptop use in classrooms and how it influences literacy, discussing reading and writing challenges of the twenty-first century, the history of computer use in schools, research on schools implementing one-on-one computing, and other related topics.