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Author : Tetyana Surovtseva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets, Migration and Trade written by Tetyana Surovtseva and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William Cochrane
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811592756
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Labor Markets, Migration, and Mobility written by William Cochrane and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to three key themes central to studies in regional science: the sub-national labor market, migration, and mobility, and their analysis. The book brings together essays that cover a wide range of topics including the development of uncertainty in national and subnational population projections; the impacts of widening and deepening human capital; the relationship between migration, neighborhood change, and area-based urban policy; the facilitating role played by outmigration and remittances in economic transition; and the contrasting importance of quality of life and quality of business for domestic and international migrants. All of the contributions here are by leading figures in their fields and employ state-of-the art methodologies. Given the variety of topics and themes covered this book, it will appeal to a broad range of readers interested in both regional science and related disciplines such as demography, population economics, and public policy.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464812829
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Moving for Prosperity written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.
Author : Maroula Khraiche
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (733 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Economics of Labor Migration written by Maroula Khraiche and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Oscar Alejandro Mendez Medina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339065502
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (655 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Local Labor Market Effects of Globalization written by Oscar Alejandro Mendez Medina and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of a series of papers studying the effect that globalization in its multiple forms has had on Mexican local labor markets. In Chapter 1, 'Trade Shocks and Mexican Local Labor Markets in the Great Recession', I study the role that international trade played in the transmission of the U.S. credit crisis to Mexican local labor markets. The economic opening process that Mexico started by opening up to international trade in the mid-1980s when it became a member of the GATT, and then reinforced in 1994 when NAFTA was enacted, has created a strong link between the business cycles of Mexico and the United States (Robertson, 2000). This trade-driven phenomenon has had significant consequences for Mexico's economic geography (Hanson, 1996). In particular, easier access to the U.S. market increased the level of dependence on exports to the U.S. for some Mexican municipalities. This increase in dependence was not homogenous throughout the country, mostly due to differences by municipality in transportation costs and industry specialization. This heterogeneity, plus the evolution of U.S. trade during the Great Recession (2007-2009), which involved a $40 billion drop in U.S. imports from Mexico, allows me to identify the role that these trade linkages played in the transmission of the crisis to Mexican local labor markets. I show that differences in manufacturing industry structure caused by Mexico's opening process have made a subset of Mexican municipalities especially vulnerable to economic events in the U.S. I find that Mexican regions that exported relatively more to the U.S. experienced large and significant differential effects when compared to municipalities more focused on the domestic market. Mexican regions with significant ties to the U.S. market experienced, during the crisis, a significantly larger decrease in employment and wages, and greater within local labor market adjustments than their less open counterparts, mainly characterized by large drops in manufacturing employment and significant increases in employment in the service and agricultural industries. Pursuing the same line of research, the second chapter of my dissertation explores 'The Effect of Chinese Import Competition on Mexican Local Labor Markets'. Recent estimates of the effect of globalization on labor markets have found that trade is having an increasingly larger impact on wage inequality. Particularly relevant is the "China Syndrome" study by Autor, Dorn, and Hanson (2013a), which presents evidence on the disruptive effects that import competition can have on a developed economy by estimating the impact that Chinese import competition had on U.S. local labor markets. One would expect to find that Chinese exports also had a large and significant effect on developing economies, particularly on those specialized in the production of labor-intensive goods. My paper contributes to the study of this relationship by analyzing the Mexican case. Following the methodology introduced in Autor et al. (2013a), I exploit variation across Mexican regions in import exposure stemming from initial differences in industry specialization in order to estimate the effect Chinese competition had on local Mexican labor markets. Also, by taking advantage of the Mexican exports' high dependence on the U.S. market, I estimate the effect that China-caused trade diversion had on Mexican labor markets. I find that the increase in competition decreased the employment share in manufacturing for the average Mexican local labor market. This effect was found to be larger for regions with high exposure to Chinese competition in the U.S. market, showing that there was a significant, negative indirect effect from China's trade growth. Workers' mobility also increased due to this negative shock. I name the third chapter 'Mexican Migrants' Response to a Trade Shock'. This study exploits the variation created by Chinese import competition across Mexican states and combines it with variation across U.S. states in their likelihood of receiving Mexican migrants in order to yield a causal estimate of the variation in the Mexican share of the labor force across U.S. states. The purpose of this study is both to determine whether international migration can be affected by external trade shocks, a topic very scantily studied in the economic literature of both trade and migration, and to open the doors to a study of migration effects on the receiving economy by using a plausibly exogenous shock to migration, as is the increase in import competition by China. I find that the increase in Mexican imports from China had a significant effect on Mexican workers' mobility towards the U.S. labor markets.
Author : Zadia Maria Feliciano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Essays on Economic Policy and Labor Market Outcomes written by Zadia Maria Feliciano and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264216502
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)
Download or read book Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD.
Author : Zhe Jiang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Essays on Trade Liberalization and Labor Market Outcomes written by Zhe Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies trade liberalization and labor market outcomes. The first two chapters examine the impact of China's trade liberalization on the adjustment of U.S. labor market for skilled and unskilled workers in a dynamic general equilibrium framework with firm heterogeneity and factor proportions. In the first chapter, I most specifically look into the effect of trade cost reduction on U.S. skill premium in an environment which I abstract from labor market friction. Featuring labor market search and matching frictions, the second chapter is part of a broader agenda on the labor market effect of China's trade liberalization and U.S. firms' offshoring decisions, with a greater focus on the dynamics of unemployment of skilled and unskilled workers. The third chapter investigates the impact of the China's increased trade openness on its local labor market. It examines the effects of China's domestic migration policy change and trade liberalization on wage inequality in China using a dynamic general equilibrium model of international trade and internal migration across regions. This dissertation showcases some of the ways trade policy can interact with firms' endogenous offshoring and entry decisions, workers' mobility choices, and labor markets frictions in a dynamic fashion. More specifically, the first chapter studies how wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers interact with multinational firms' decisions and countries' different factor endowments using a two-country dynamic stochastic model featuring task-offshoring, heterogeneous firms and factor proportions. It shows that besides the traditional Stolper-Samuelson mechanism that shifts factors of production towards a country's comparative advantage sectors, there also exist other firm-level adjustment mechanisms that widen the wage gap after trade liberalization. It finds that in the short run, offshoring widens wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers through increasing high-skilled wage and lowering low-skilled wage. Such effect is more announced in the beginning phase of the adjustment, and slows down over time as low-skilled wage rises faster than the cool-down of high-skilled wage increase. The intensive margin and the extensive margin are both active in shaping rising wage gap in the home country, with the latter playing a more important role in the short to medium run compared to the beginning stage following the shock. The second chapter studies the dynamic effects of offshoring on the unemployment rates and wage inequality across the high-skilled and low-skilled workers through the dynamics of firms' production location and entry decisions in general equilibrium. First, I examine the dynamic effects of offshoring cost reduction due to China's trade liberalization. Estimates from vector autoregressions (VARs) show that a decrease in offshoring costs is associated with a short-lived increase in low-skilled unemployment, but a persistent decline in high-skilled unemployment and a less persistent expansion of wage gap in the source country. Second, I build a two-country trade-in-task model with firm heterogeneity, endogenous selection into entry and offshoring as well as search and matching frictions to study the channels through which offshoring cost reductions affect the labor market outcomes for different skill groups over time. The model successfully reproduces the VAR evidence and highlights the importance of endogenous firm entry and labor market frictions in generating the empirical dynamic responses of wage and unemployment across different skill groups. The third chapter investigates China's labor market's responses to its own trade liberalization, which is a relatively less explored topic compared to the relationship between the China shock and labor market changes in other countries. Using data from CHIP (Chinese Household Income Project), this chapter aims to fill this gap by estimating the effects of trade liberalization on Chinese local labor markets. In addition, it investigates changes in urban to rural wage inequality and skill premium in urban and rural areas separately with the availability of surveys conducted in urban and rural households. In the model, a dynamic general equilibrium framework with heterogeneous firms, heterogeneous workers and internal migration is employed to study the impact of policy-generated trade cost reduction and easing of migration restrictions on Chinese wage inequality. I focus on the role of labor mobility that characterizes the large rural-to-urban migration in the midst of trade liberalization in shaping skill premium and urban to rural wage inequality. Calibrating the changes in policy-generated migration cost reduction and trade cost decline, as well as productivity increase in the tradable sector, this paper analyzes the responses of different measures of wage inequality and other macroeconomics variables following these shocks. This dissertation highlights the role of interaction of firm dynamics, factor endowments and labor market frictions in shaping the labor market adjustments. The positive effects of offshoring on the labor market for workers regardless of skill levels suggest that more trade frictions designed to restrict offshoring is likely to hinder firm entry, which is a key driver that contributes to higher wages and lower unemployment rates of both skilled and unskilled workers over time. It also points to the importance of labor market reforms by showing that easing of migration restriction and search and matching frictions are both beneficial to exports and wages of all workers, with consequences of rising wage inequality though.
Author : Joachim Jarreau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)
Download or read book Economic Policy in Globalization written by Joachim Jarreau and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of four chapters that examine various aspects of economic policy in its relation to globalization and economic integration. The first chapter considers the question of the link between trade specialization and growth. The results identify a robust empirical ink between initial level of sophistication at province level and real GOP per capita growth in the case of China. The second chapter examines the relationship between the structure of the Chinese banking system and the structure of exports. The empirical study reveals the presence of credit constraints weighing on domestic private firms, which export relatively less in sectors more dependent on external financing. The third chapter examines the impact of immigration on labor markets in a setting with fragmented regional markets. It shows that in this framework, the spatial mobility of migrant workers contributes to increase the efficiency of labor markets, but immigration policy becomes more restrictive under certain conditions. The fourth chapter examines the determinants of preferential free trade agreements. It shows that the gains in market access are a stronger determinant of a country's probability of signing an agreement than the gains accruing to consumers in the form of lower prices.
Author : Giovanni Peri
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9814719900
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)
Download or read book The Economics of International Migration written by Giovanni Peri and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-01-07 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of International Migration is a collection of the fundamental articles written by Giovanni Peri on the economic determinants and consequences of international migration. These papers have provided the theoretical framework and empirical analysis for a rethinking of the economics of migration, going beyond the Canonical model of labor demand and supply used until the 1990s. Beginning with a simple model that recognizes the differences between immigrants and natives as workers, the articles develop the analysis of complementarity, specialization and productivity effect of immigrants in developed economies. The book then presents a series of papers analyzing and testing the economic motivation for international migration. Finally, the focus is shifted to the effect of immigration policies and their consequences on immigration and the economy.
Author : Nadwa Mossaad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (989 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Markets, Regulations and Immigration in Developing Economies written by Nadwa Mossaad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation I address issues related to labor markets, regulations and circular migration. In the first essay (with Tim Gindling and Juan Diego Trejos) we contribute to the literature of the impact of non-compliance on labor market outcomes in developing economies by evaluating the impact of the Campaña Nacional de Salarios Mínimos, designed by the Costa Rican government to increase compliance with minimum wages. Using a two-year panel data set of individuals we use a regression discontinuity approach and compare what happened to workers who before the Campaign had been earning below the minimum wage to those who had been earning above the minimum wage. We find that the Campaign led to an increase in compliance with minimum wages especially for women, younger, and less educated workers. We find no evidence that the Campaign had a negative impact on the employment of full-time workers.
Author : Susan Horton
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821326817
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (268 download)
Download or read book Labor markets in an era of adjustment : an overview written by Susan Horton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael D. Bordo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226065995
Total Pages : 600 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)
Download or read book Globalization in Historical Perspective written by Michael D. Bordo and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As awareness of the process of globalization grows and the study of its effects becomes increasingly important to governments and businesses (as well as to a sizable opposition), the need for historical understanding also increases. Despite the importance of the topic, few attempts have been made to present a long-term economic analysis of the phenomenon, one that frames the issue by examining its place in the long history of international integration. This volume collects eleven papers doing exactly that and more. The first group of essays explores how the process of globalization can be measured in terms of the long-term integration of different markets-from the markets for goods and commodities to those for labor and capital, and from the sixteenth century to the present. The second set of contributions places this knowledge in a wider context, examining some of the trends and questions that have emerged as markets converge and diverge: the roles of technology and geography are both considered, along with the controversial issues of globalization's effects on inequality and social justice and the roles of political institutions in responding to them. The final group of essays addresses the international financial systems that play such a large part in guiding the process of globalization, considering the influence of exchange rate regimes, financial development, financial crises, and the architecture of the international financial system itself. This volume reveals a much larger picture of the process of globalization, one that stretches from the establishment of a global economic system during the nineteenth century through the disruptions of two world wars and the Great Depression into the present day. The keen analysis, insight, and wisdom in this volume will have something to offer a wide range of readers interested in this important issue.
Author : Ewald Nowotny
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849802270
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (498 download)
Download or read book The Integration of European Labour Markets written by Ewald Nowotny and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection of essays widens the scope for discussion on the design of national labour market and migration policies in the enlarged European Union. They provide some new evidence on recent development on labour market outcomes, and thus, contribute to the ongoing political debate on the economic effects of the enlargement of the European Union. . . it was definitely a gain to spend time in reading this volume. Mathias Czaika, Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik Combining both academic and practitioner perspectives, this book provides authoritative insights into the integration of European labour markets against the background of increasing international labour mobility. A wide range of contributions explore, in particular, the effects that labour mobility has had on the earnings and employment situation of individual households, on the effective supply of labour, and on the availability of skills in migrants home and host countries as well as on the size of income support through migrants remittances. Global and European trends and patterns are discussed along with related policy challenges all with a special focus on European migration after EU enlargement and the nexus between labour markets and trade integration. This book will be an invaluable source of information for economists and other economic policy and European integration experts from central, commercial and investment banks, governments, international organizations, universities and research institutes alike.
Author : David Greenaway
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Globalization and Labour Markets written by David Greenaway and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set collects papers that have played a particularly important role in the development of research on some aspect of the relationship between globalization and labor markets, or are excellent illustrations of one or another aspect of the relevant questions. Themes include general equilibrium theory, which sets the context for subsequent discussion; trade and wages, labor market microstructure and adjustment, and empirical research on trade and employment; migration and labor market adjustment; and foreign direct investment and labor markets. Most of the papers were written in the 1980s and 1990s. Each volume contains an introduction to the included literature. Edited by David Greenaway (economics, U. of Nottingham) and Douglas R. Nelson (economics and political economy, Tulane U.). Lacks a subject index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Mahreen Khan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Labor and Migration written by Mahreen Khan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating suitable employment opportunities while ensuring safe working conditions is one of the most significant challenges facing labor markets of emerging economies in the Global South. Workers in these countries are amongst the most vulnerable and at-risk populations, whether they choose to remain and work in their countries of origin or migrate to other destinations. My dissertation focuses on studying labor markets characteristics in the context of two contemporary phenomena confronting populous, low-income countries, namely, large scale labor migration and employment relations in global supply chains. In the first chapter, I estimate the local labor market and socio-economic spillover effects of large-scale migration from Bangladesh on non-migrant households living in migrant-prone regions. My results show a significant, positive but relatively small impact on hours worked and household income with limited effects on other socio-economic outcomes. In the next chapter, I address the health and economic risk exposure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic for low and middle-income countries as a result of their exposure to migration. We find that exposure to migration is a strong predictor for spatial variation of the effects of COVID-19. Finally, in my third essay, I study the effectiveness of worker-management committees to meaningfully engage worker voice that can help to address non-compliance with health, safety, and labor issues in factories that engage in low-wage, manufacturing factory work. I find that worker-management committees with union representation and fair electoral processes have a positive, significant effect on addressing such compliance issues. However, the effectiveness of these structures are limited by the broader institutional context of the states in which they operate. My research deepens our understanding of the challenge s facing labor markets in developing countries with important implications for future policy measures in these contexts.
Author : Beth J. Asch
Publisher : RAND Corporation
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Emigration and Its Effects on the Sending Country written by Beth J. Asch and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1994 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the effects of immigration on the sending country? Studies suggest that emigration has a positive effect.
