Essays on Dynamic Behavior in Labor Markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Dynamic Behavior in Labor Markets by : Jonathan James

Download or read book Essays on Dynamic Behavior in Labor Markets written by Jonathan James and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Two essays on dynamic labor markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Two essays on dynamic labor markets by : soo-bong Uh

Download or read book Two essays on dynamic labor markets written by soo-bong Uh and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour by : John Vanderkamp

Download or read book Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour written by John Vanderkamp and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Labor Markets in Action

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Markets in Action by : Richard Barry Freeman

Download or read book Labor Markets in Action written by Richard Barry Freeman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on Dynamics of the Labor Market

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Dynamics of the Labor Market by : Hiroaki Miyamoto

Download or read book Essays on Dynamics of the Labor Market written by Hiroaki Miyamoto and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on the Dynamics of the Labor Market

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ISBN 13 : 9780549156659
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (566 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on the Dynamics of the Labor Market by : Leena Rudanko

Download or read book Essays on the Dynamics of the Labor Market written by Leena Rudanko and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores the business cycle dynamics of the aggregate labor market. In two essays I advance the theoretical modelling of these markets and examine whether the new theory does quantitatively better at accounting for empirical evidence than existing models. Both essays examine models where market incompleteness faced by workers implies that long term wage contracts play a role in providing consumption smoothing to workers. The terms of these state contingent contracts depend on: (1) the preferences of the contracting parties, (2) whether parties can commit to contracts. The essays embed such optimal dynamic contracting problems into a Mortensen-Pissarides style model of labor market flows with aggregate shocks, contributing to the theoretical modelling of wage determination in this model framework. I find that market incompleteness has quantitatively only limited ability to explain the volatility puzzle facing existing models: unemployment varies strongly over the business cycle, while labor productivity varies much less. Whether the models are consistent with wage data hinges both on the preferences of contracting parties: entrepreneurs versus workers, as well as constraints on contracting.

Essays on Wage Bargaining in Dynamic Macroeconomics

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319978284
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Wage Bargaining in Dynamic Macroeconomics by : Oliver Claas

Download or read book Essays on Wage Bargaining in Dynamic Macroeconomics written by Oliver Claas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-20 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses collective bargaining in an intertemporal monetary macroeconomy of the aggregate supply–aggregate demand (AS–AD) type with overlapping generations of consumers and with a public sector. The results are presented in a unified framework with a commodity market that clears competitively. By analyzing the implications of three variants of collective bargaining – efficient bargaining in a uniform and a segmented labor market and “right-to-manage” wage bargaining – it identifies the quantity of money, price expectations, union power, and union size as the determinants of temporary equilibria. In the three scenarios, it characterizes and compares the temporary equilibria using both analytical and numerical techniques, with an emphasis on allocations, welfare, and efficiency. It also discusses the dynamic evolution under rational expectations and its steady states in nominal and real terms. Lastly, it demonstrates conditions for stability regarding a balanced monetary expansion of the economy.

Labor Market Behavior of Sciences and Engineering Doctorates: Three Essays

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Market Behavior of Sciences and Engineering Doctorates: Three Essays by :

Download or read book Labor Market Behavior of Sciences and Engineering Doctorates: Three Essays written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation I study the labor market behavior of sciences and engineering (S & E) doctorates trained and employed in the US. The first essay is an empirical study of task-to-task transitions based on the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (1973-2001). It first assesses the relevance of the careers of doctorates to S & E in general, and research and development (R & D) in particular. Second, it evaluates the participation rates and mobility patterns of doctorates in careers of different types using a transition model with independent competing risks. The second essay extends the empirical framework described above and specifies a dynamic model of occupational choices with symmetric learning about one of the task- specific abilities and dependence on past performance to explain the empirical career patterns described in the first essay. The predictions of the model are used to evaluate the effects of two counterfactual experiments on the supply of research skill. The third essay studies geographic choices for first employment of doctorates using the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) 1957-2005. Decisions of Americans, Canadians, and third country nationals to stay in the US after their PhD versus moving to Canada are compared. Individual characteristics and differences in political and economic conditions and career opportunities in the US versus Canada are evaluated to explain the observed differences in the choice of location.

Essays on Firm Dynamics and Labor Markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Firm Dynamics and Labor Markets by : Umberto Muratori

Download or read book Essays on Firm Dynamics and Labor Markets written by Umberto Muratori and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two chapters of this dissertation explore two central topics of the current policy debate.The first chapter studies the increase in markups experienced in the US starting from the 1980s. I document new facts on the evolution of markups by cohorts of firms, and I provide evidence that these patterns are linked to knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion. This chapter investigates, through the lens of a structural model, how the size of the technological gap and the speed of catching up with the frontier affect welfare. The quantitative results suggest that knowledge diffuses 38% faster in 2010 than in 1980, and the household experiences a consumption-equivalent welfare gain of 0.29% in an economy in which the quality of innovation and the intensity of knowledge diffusion is set at the 2010 values rather than the 1980 values.The second chapter investigates the impact of extensions in unemployment benefits duration on labor market sorting. The findings provide support for the hypothesis that unemployment insurance benefits increase wages by improving the employee-employer matches. The results also show bigger effects of unemployment insurance benefits extensions on match quality for those more likely to be liquidity constrained such as women, non-whites, and less-educated workers.

Essays in Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays in Labor Market Dynamics by : Manuel E. Toledo

Download or read book Essays in Labor Market Dynamics written by Manuel E. Toledo and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on the Analysis and Implications of Two-sided Matching Markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on the Analysis and Implications of Two-sided Matching Markets by : James W. Boudreau

Download or read book Essays on the Analysis and Implications of Two-sided Matching Markets written by James W. Boudreau and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on Macroeconomics and Labor Markets

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (867 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Macroeconomics and Labor Markets by : Neil Mehrotra

Download or read book Essays on Macroeconomics and Labor Markets written by Neil Mehrotra and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final chapter of my dissertation considers the decline in labor market turnover experienced in the US in the Great Recession, and its link to the housing crisis. In this joint work with Dmitriy Sergeyev, we analyze the behavior of job flows to test the hypothesis that the housing crisis has impaired firm formation and firm expansion by diminishing the value of real estate collateral used by firms to secure loans. We exploit state-level variation in job flows and housing prices to show that a decline in housing prices diminishes job creation and lagged job destruction. Moreover, we document differences across firm size and age categories, with middle-sized firms (20-99 employees) and new and young firms (firms less than 5 years of age) most sensitive to a decline in house prices. We propose a quantitative model of firm dynamics with collateral constraints, calibrating the model to match the distribution of employment and job flows by firm size and age. Financial shocks in our firm dynamics model depresses job creation and job destruction and replicates the empirical pattern of the sensitivity of job flows across firm age and size categories.

Essays on Labor Market Dynamics and Policies

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ISBN 13 : 9788449045813
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (458 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Market Dynamics and Policies by : Arnau Valladares-Esteban

Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Dynamics and Policies written by Arnau Valladares-Esteban and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquesta tesi estudia les interaccions entre les dinàmiques del mercat laboral i l'estructura de les famílies, i com aquestes interaccions afecten les polítiques públiques. Als EUA, s'observen patrons molt diferents pel que fa a participació laboral, ocupació i desocupació entre les persones casades i solteres. Fins i tot un cop es controla per la distinta composició dels dos grups, encara apareixen comportaments molt diferents entre casats i solters en termes del mercat de treball. L'explicació proposada en aquesta tesi és simple: la gent es comporta de manera diferent quan forma part d'una família comparat amb quan està sola. A partir d'aquesta premissa, la tesi explora dues qüestions fonamentals. La primera és analitzar quina part de les diferencies que observem a les dades és deguda a l'efecte de la família. La segona tracta d'entendre com canvien les implicacions d'una política bàsica del mercat laboral, com és l'assegurança d'atur, quan introduïm la família en l'anàlisi. En el primer capítol, escrit amb en Sekyu Choi, documentem una diferència remarcable i estable entre la taxa d'atur de la gent casada i la soltera, als EUA. A través d'una descomposició estàndard de les transicions laborals, trobem quins són els canals que expliquen millor les diferències tant en termes de gènere com a d'estructura familiar. Després, construïm un model simple del mercat laboral, on els agents presenten diferències en termes de xocs d'ingressos, béns, gènere i estat civil. A través del model, demostrem que la família genera dos efectes de signe oposat sobre la taxa d'atur. Per una banda, actua completant els mercats i, per tant, reduint els incentius per treballar, el que genera una menor ocupació i, ceteris paribus, major taxa d'atur. Per altra banda, augmenta la inclinació dels agents a sortir de l'atur a través de no participar en el mercat laboral, cosa que redueix la taxa d'atur. En el segon capítol, escrit amb en Nezih Guner i na Yuliya Kulikova, estudiem les transicions conjuntes de les parelles en el mercat laboral. La literatura empírica existent s'ha centrat en analitzar els moviments entre ocupació i atur, ignorant la participació. Una altre característiques de la literatura existent és que analitza individus, en canvi, nosaltres focalitzem en nostre anàlisi en parelles. Els homes i les dones casades son diferents pel que fa a les seves dinàmiques en el mercat laboral. Les transicions entre atur i inactivitat tenen un paper més important per a les dones que per als homes. Per tant, tenir en compte el marge de participació és clau per entendre les dinàmiques laborals de les parelles. Els nostres resultats mostren que el component de coordinació per explicar els moviments de les parelles a través dels estats laborals és fonamental. En el tercer capítol, estudio un programa d'assegurança d'atur, semblant al que està en marxa als EUA, en un entorn on la principal font d'heterogeneïtat entre els agents és el tipus de llar on viuen: alguns viuen sols mentre els altres viuen amb la seva parella formant una família. La principal conclusió, es que l'assegurança d'atur beneficia als solters però no als casats. Aquest resultat no depèn de les diferents característiques entre solters i casats. Fins i tot si els solters formessin una família amb els seus clons, no es beneficiarien de l'assegurança. En canvi, si els casats visquessin sols, si que la valorarien. Per tant, la principal raó per la qual els casats no es beneficien de l'assegurança és que la família, amb els seus dos treballadors, és un mecanisme suficient de suport.

An Essay on Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis An Essay on Labor Market Dynamics by : William Franklin Shughart

Download or read book An Essay on Labor Market Dynamics written by William Franklin Shughart and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics

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ISBN 13 : 9788449045745
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (457 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics by : Dario S. Judzik

Download or read book Three Essays on the Determinants of Labor Market Dynamics written by Dario S. Judzik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Esta tesis está constituida por tres ensayos empíricos sobre los determinantes de las dinámicas del mercado laboral. Cada uno de estos ensayos se centra en tres variables fundamentales para el mercado laboral: el salario real, la intensidad de capital (o capital por trabajador), y el empleo a nivel sectorial. El primer ensayo presenta un análisis sobre el proceso de fijación de salarios aplicado a 8 países, de acuerdo con la clasificación del mercado de trabajo de Daveri y Tabellini (2000): anglosajón (EE.UU. y Reino Unido), Europa continental (Francia, Italia y España), los países nórdicos (Suecia y Finlandia), y Japón. Los resultados muestran que la determinación de los salarios en las últimas décadas ha estado condicionada por tres factores estructurales, independientemente de las diferencias entre estos modelos económicos. Es decir, los resultados son robustos a diferentes estructuras institucionales, por ejemplo, si el mercado laboral se ve afectado por una más o menos estricta legislación de protección del empleo. La identificación de estos principales motores de la determinación de los salarios es fundamental para el diseño de políticas de desempleo porque éstos determinan los resultados del mercado laboral a través de la presión sobre los salarios. Dichos factores estructurales son: el crecimiento de la productividad, la desafiliación sindical, y el comercio internacional. También se pone de manifiesto que la desafiliación sindical y el comercio, mediante evitar que los salarios reales suban aún más, y aumentando así la brecha entre salario y productividad, han actuado como importantes contribuyentes a la continua caída en la participación de las rentas del trabajo. El segundo ensayo se centra en la intensidad de capital (es decir, la relación capital por trabajador), que generalmente se considera como un factor en crecimiento económico, y la evaluación empírica de sus factores determinantes ha sido un tema en general descuidado. Se presenta un marco analítico que incluye consideraciones del lado de la demanda en el modelo uniecuacional estándar de intensidad de capital. Los resultados de las estimaciones confirman el coste relativo de los factores de producción como motor de la oferta fundamental de la intensidad de capital generando, también, estimaciones plausibles de la elasticidad de sustitución entre capital y trabajo. Los dos proxies que consideramos para las presiones del lado de la demanda resultan también relevantes. Este resultado requiere un enfoque más amplio que el habitual cuando se trabaja con los factores de la demanda de producción y, como lo hemos hecho, al examinar los determinantes de la intensidad de capital. Este ensayo también revela la posibilidad de una naturaleza diferente de los cambios tecnológicos en Japón y los EE.UU. Como se ha argumentado, esta misma diferencia proporciona una explicación de la diferente evolución de la intensidad de capital en Japón y los EE.UU., e incluso de sus modelos de crecimiento ya bien conocidos, siendo Japón, tradicionalmente, uno de los grandes exportadores netos mundo; y los EE.UU. una de las mayores economías importadoras netas. Nuestros resultados alertan sobre un diseño simplista de las políticas basadas exclusivamente en consideraciones relativas a la oferta, y requieren un cuidadoso diseño de las políticas que afectan a las decisiones de las empresas sobre la inversión y la contratación de trabajo. La razón es que estas políticas afectan de manera crucial el comportamiento procíclico de la relación entre las tasas de utilización de la capacidad instalada y el empleo, ya que en las expansiones económicas la tasa de utilización de la capacidad tiende a aumentar proporcionalmente más que la tasa de empleo, probablemente debido a que en el muy corto plazo es menos costoso utilizar una mayor proporción de la capacidad ya instalada que contratar a nuevos trabajadores. En el tercer ensayo se analiza la heterogeneidad de la demanda laboral desde dos perspectivas empíricas. Por un lado, se calcula la elasticidad a nivel sectorial de la demanda de mano de obra y encontramos que estos valores varían significativamente entre las actividades económicas. Éstos son, generalmente, más altos en los EE.UU. y en Suecia que los que se encuentran en el caso de Alemania. Por otra parte, se investigan los efectos sobre el empleo de una mayor exposición al comercio internacional. Hacemos esto mediante la ampliación de un modelo de demanda de trabajo sectorial con apertura al comercio en la ecuación empírica. Luego, se desagrega la apertura al comercio en cuatro variables de acuerdo a cuatro tipos de mercancías: manufacturas, servicios, agricultura y combustibles. Por último, este ensayo también verifica la presencia de cambio tecnológico ahorrador de trabajo (labor-saving) en los tres países estudiados. Este descubrimiento es un resultado común en la literatura relacionada (Klump et al. 2012, Feldmann 2013). En particular, en los EE.UU. y Suecia se detecta una tasa de crecimiento de la eficiencia del trabajo similar. Dado que hay un efecto negativo sobre el empleo del cambio técnico, esta menor tasa de crecimiento de la eficiencia en el caso de Alemania puede explicar, en parte, su desempeño laboral diferenciado en la última década.

Empirical Methods for the Study of Labor Force Dynamics

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415269407
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (694 download)

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Book Synopsis Empirical Methods for the Study of Labor Force Dynamics by : Kenneth I. Wolpin

Download or read book Empirical Methods for the Study of Labor Force Dynamics written by Kenneth I. Wolpin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last twenty years there has been an explosion of economic research on labour force dynamics. This book focuses on the methods by which behavioural theories of labour force dynamics have been empirically implemented.

Essays on Individual Labor Market Transitions and Aggregate Dynamics

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Individual Labor Market Transitions and Aggregate Dynamics by : Weh-Sol Moon

Download or read book Essays on Individual Labor Market Transitions and Aggregate Dynamics written by Weh-Sol Moon and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: