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Author : Sarah Davidson Humpage
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (861 download)
Download or read book Essays on Child Development in Developing Countries written by Sarah Davidson Humpage and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alan Nilton Sanchez Jimenez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (863 download)
Download or read book Essays on Child Development and Skills Formation written by Alan Nilton Sanchez Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James R. Himes
Publisher : Incumbent
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child written by James R. Himes and published by Incumbent. This book was released on 1993 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A growing international consensus exists that societies have an obligation to promote and protect children's rights to survival, protection, participation, and development. These three essays consider UNICEF's role in implementing the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. "The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: More Than a New Utopia?" discusses obstacles to the effective implementation of the Convention, urging UNICEF and other organizations to take up the challenge of meeting the goals of the Convention. Three ways the Convention can be used to good effect are discussed, and four practical steps from the field of development or social planning for implementation of the Convention are identified. "Reflections on Indicators Concerning the Rights of the Child" discusses indicators that measure human rights performance relating to children in developing countries. Two initiatives of UNICEF's International Child Development Centre in Florence, Italy, are described, and types of indicators and reporting and monitoring processes are considered. "Children's Rights: Opportunities, Dilemmas and Pitfalls Facing UNICEF and Its Partners" suggests that UNICEF must strengthen its capacity to play a more active role in implementing the Convention. How this role is likely to involve UNICEF in controversial and politically sensitive issues is discussed, as are the negotiating, political, technical, and hands-on skills UNICEF must acquire to meet this challenge. (TM).
Author : Najat M'Jid
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351952226
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Children's Services in the Developing World written by Najat M'Jid and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children’s services in The Developing World brings together evidence relating to the health and development of children in the global South. It is essential reading for students, scientists, policy makers and practitioners in economically developing countries. The book deals with the effects of catastrophe, disease, war and poverty on children's development. There is strong coverage of the ways in which children cope with even the most inauspicious of circumstances. Evidence is provided on the incidence of impairment to health and development. As well as establishing the risks to child well-being in the economic South, the book shows how to intervene to address those risks. Examples of good practice rigorously evaluated will be of interest to everyone seeking to improve the lives of children, whether that be in economically developed or developing nations.
Author : Noha Abdelfattah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)
Download or read book Essays on Education and Child Labor in Developing Countries written by Noha Abdelfattah and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child labor can affect human capital investment of children, as the daily available time is limited and an increase in time devoted to child labor reduces the available time for investment in human capital. The tradeoff between child labor and human capital investment is important, as the accumulation of human capital is a crucial factor in curtailing poverty and accelerating development plans undertaken by developing countries. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasizes the importance of education and urges nations not to engage children in work that may interfere with their education. This research is comprised of four chapters that study the relationship between human capital investment and child labor. In the first chapter, I examine the available theoretical and empirical literature to determine the main factors that affect the tradeoff between child labor and human capital investment. The literature identifies income, access to credit, returns to education, and parental preferences as the main factors. In chapter 2, I investigate and analyze the Egyptian's SYPE dataset that I use in chapter 3 and chapter 4. The SYPE is the most recent household survey dataset that provides data on education and child labor of Egyptian young people.
Author : Samuel Arenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Essays on Child Development written by Samuel Arenberg and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation, consisting of three chapters, considers the role of the childhood circumstances on adulthood measures of economic wellbeing. The first two chapters analyze a large expansion of public health insurance to children from low-income families in the United States. The third and final chapter analyzes the impact of childhood exposure to lead (Pb) in India. In Chapter 1, I examine one of the largest ever expansions of Medicaid, health insurance provided by the state at very low-cost to low-income Americans. In 1990, Congress passed a bill that extended Medicaid eligibility for children living below the poverty line from age 6 to age 18. This expansion, however, applied only to individuals born on or after October 1, 1983. Using a research design that exploits this sudden change in eligibility with respect to date of birth (a regression discontinuity design), I estimate the impact that the policy had on Medicaid enrollment rates. I find that enrollment rose specifically among Black children, and I offer potential explanations for why children of other races do not enroll despite becoming eligible. This finding contributes to a large literature on the puzzlingly low usage of social programs. In Chapter 2, I continue investigating this large expansion of youth Medicaid, but I shift focus to adulthood outcomes for individuals born around the October 1, 1983 cutoff. Namely, I study incarceration. I show that Black children born just after the cutoff are 5 percent less likely to be incarcerated by age 28, driven primarily by a decrease in incarcerations connected to financially motivated offenses. Children of other races, who (as discussed in Chapter 2) experienced almost no gain in Medicaid coverage as a result of the policy, demonstrate no such decline. I find that reduced incarceration in adulthood substantially offsets the initial costs of expanding eligibility. This result provides a clear demonstration for a commonly held view that investments in children and in public health systems can produce substantial social benefits, in addition to private ones. In Chapter 3, I turn attention to a developing-country context, specifically India, where environmental factors play an outsized role in child development. I study a large reduction in ambient exposure to lead, a neurotoxic substance that is particularly harmful to infants and children. Specifically, I analyze the impact that the phase-out of leaded gasoline had on the educational trajectories of children in India. I estimate this effect by leveraging the city-by-city implementation of the phase-out in the late 1990s and early 2000s. I find that lead exposure had significantly suppressed educational attainment in India. This finding adds to the evidence that environmental factors in early life can strongly affect markers wellbeing in later life
Author : Dhanushka Thamarapani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Children In Developing Countries written by Dhanushka Thamarapani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Julian Lincoln Simon
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400862175
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Population and Development in Poor Countries written by Julian Lincoln Simon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making the case that population growth does not hinder economic progress and that it eventually raises standards of living, Julian Simon became one of the most controversial figures in economics during the past decade. This book gathers a set of articles--theoretical, empirical, and policy analyses--written over the past twenty years, which examine the effects of population increase on various aspects of economic development in less-developed economies. The studies show that within a century, or even a quarter of a century, the positive benefits of additional people counterbalance the short-run costs. The process is as follows: increased numbers of consumers, and the resultant increase of total income, expand the demand for raw materials and finished products. The resulting actual and expected shortages force up prices of the natural resources. The increased prices trigger the search for new ways to satisfy the demand, and sooner or later new sources and innovative substitutes are found. These new discoveries lead to cheaper natural resources than existed before this process began, leaving humanity better off than if the shortages had not appeared. Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author : Yemele Kana Legrand
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in the Microeconomics of Development written by Yemele Kana Legrand and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Leonardo Almeida Bursztyn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (655 download)
Download or read book Essays on Development and Growth written by Leonardo Almeida Bursztyn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays on development economics and economic growth. The first essay analyzes the schooling decisions of poor households with adolescent children in urban Brazil using a framed field experiment. It concludes that parent-child conflict plays a crucial role in these schooling decisions, with most parents being unable to control their child's school attendance behavior, in particular due to lack of observability of the child's actions. It also provides evidence that parental demand to control that behavior is not just to provide the child with skills but also to keep the child safe and off the streets. The second essay diverges from political economy models in which the rich do not want the poor to obtain education, using evidence from Brazil. Combining city-level evidence with a new survey, it argues that public education spending is low in countries like Brazil not because the rich oppose it, but because the poor prefer the governments to spend resources elsewhere. The third essay introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints and limited resources. It characterizes the structure of equilibria and the dynamic tax/subsidy policies that achieve sustainable growth or maximize intertemporal welfare. It generates new insights on the role and timing of optimal environmental policy.
Author : Kira Marie Villa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on the Economics of Childhood Development, Human Capital Formation and Psycho-social Well-being written by Kira Marie Villa and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently and emerging literature in economics highlights the importance of early childhood well-being and what are know as "noncognitive" skills to economic success. While growing evidence in links these skills to economic, behavioral and demographic outcomes in the developed countries, there is little such evidence linking these traits to economic outcomes in developing country contexts. Moreover, research in the economics literature generally estimates the effects of a general noncognitive aggregate rather than specific traits. In this dissertation I explore how various dimensions of human capital develop over childhood and how cognition and specific personality and noncognitive traits determine labor market outcomes. Chapter 1 estimates how health, cognition and specific noncognitive abilities are jointly produced over the different stages of childhood in a developing country context. It estimates self- and cross-productivity effects across these different dimensions of child development and examines the role of parental inputs and home environment. The noncognitive abilities examined are risky behaviors, group socialization, positive affect and negative affect. Using a rich panel data set that follows a cohort of Filipino children from birth through adulthood, I estimate this production technology using the dynamic factor model developed in Cuhna and Heckman (2008). Findings show strong path dependency with current levels of child development largely dependent on previous levels causing early disparities in child development to persist throughout childhood into adult- hood. Lagged health, in particular, is an important determinant of current health, cognition and socio-emotional well-being in this developing country context. Cognition and socio-emotional traits similarly exhibit both self- and cross-productivity. Findings imply that child development is cumulative in nature and that early disparities will persist until effective and early remediation is undertaken. Chapter 2 estimates the effect of cognition and five specific personality traits on entrepreneurship and selection into different labor market segments for a sample of young adults in Madagascar. The personality traits examined are know as the Big Five Personality traits: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Examining the effects of specific noncognitive traits will help to better compare results across studies and target policy. I find that both cognition and personality are significant predictors of labor market selection and entrepreneurial activities. Personality matters in determining labor market outcomes of interest and should therefore be considered when discussing and designing human capital targeted policies. If the policy implications of the literature linking personality and outcomes are to be realized, then a better understanding of how these noncognitive traits are developed is needed. However, to date, the literature detailing how the Big Five Personality Traits are formed is much smaller. Chapter 3 explores the environmental and familial determinants of the Big Five Personality Traits. While I cannot directly control for genetics, we use information on maternal extended family to express a degree of genetic predisposition. I find that maternal background, extended family characteristics and other environmental determinants all interact and play a role in determining the five personality traits we examine.
Author : Najat M'Jid
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351952218
Total Pages : 611 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Children's Services in the Developing World written by Najat M'Jid and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children’s services in The Developing World brings together evidence relating to the health and development of children in the global South. It is essential reading for students, scientists, policy makers and practitioners in economically developing countries. The book deals with the effects of catastrophe, disease, war and poverty on children's development. There is strong coverage of the ways in which children cope with even the most inauspicious of circumstances. Evidence is provided on the incidence of impairment to health and development. As well as establishing the risks to child well-being in the economic South, the book shows how to intervene to address those risks. Examples of good practice rigorously evaluated will be of interest to everyone seeking to improve the lives of children, whether that be in economically developed or developing nations.
Author : Emanuela Galasso
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Welfare of Children in Developing Countries written by Emanuela Galasso and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Marian Meller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788469500385
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Essays on Education, Gender, and Child Health in Developing Countries written by Marian Meller and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wendy Mogel
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416593063
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)
Download or read book The Blessing Of A Skinned Knee written by Wendy Mogel and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides parents with advice on using Jewish teachings from the Torah and Talmud to overcome struggles with raising children, nurture strengths and uniqueness, and encourage respectfulness towards their parents and others.
Author : Norbert Rüdiger Schady
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 2006031716
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)
Download or read book Early Childhood Development in Latin America and the Caribbean written by Norbert Rüdiger Schady and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There is considerable evidence that young children in many developing countries suffer from profound deficits in nutrition, health, fine and gross motor skills, cognitive development, and socio-emotional development. Early childhood development (ECD) outcomes are important markers of the welfare of children. In addition, the deleterious effects of poor outcomes in early childhood can be long-lasting, affecting school attainment, employment, wages, criminality, and measures of social integration of adults. This paper considers the theoretical case to be made for investments in early childhood, selectively reviews the literature on the impact of ECD programs in the United States, discusses the evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean, and makes suggestions for future research. The focus is on the relation between outcomes in early childhood and measures of household socioeconomic status, child health, and parenting practices, as well as on the impact of specific policies and programs. The knowledge base on early childhood outcomes is still thin in Latin America and the Caribbean. There are therefore very high returns to comparative descriptive analysis in the region, as well as to careful evaluations of the impact of various programs. "--World Bank web site.
Author : Setou Mamadou Diarra
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Three Essays in the Microeconomics of Development written by Setou Mamadou Diarra and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, I investigate factors that undermine children's life chances in developing countries, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries . Three essays comprise this thesis. The first two (Chapters 1 and 2) focus on the life chances of adolescent girls in relation to the issue of child marriage, while the third essay (Chapter 3) focuses on child poverty, in relation to the issue of concordance/discordance between monetary and multidimensional measures of this phenomenon. Child marriage is found in almost all regions of the world, but SSA gets the brunt of it, as it is home to 8 of the 10 countries worldwide reporting the highest prevalence rates of this phenomenon. In 2010, 34% (about 67 million) of young women aged 20-24 globally were married before their eighteenth birthday and about 12% were married by age 15. The United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates that if present trends continue, 142 million girls will be married before age 18 in the next decade (UNFPA, 2012). Child marriage has been shown to hamper developing countries girls' life chances both directly and indirectly (UNFPA, 2012). Where it exists as a mass phenomenon, it reflects gendered norms that shape adolescent girls' lives through constrained choices and capabilities relative to boys, including a higher care work burden for girls, restricted access to education, limited mobility; limited authority in the family for wives ( particularly over sexuality and fertility decisions). Combating child marriage in SSA and elsewhere may thus yield significant positive spillovers for the achievement of the 2030 United Nation's Agenda for Sustainable Development. The existing child marriage literature highlights the joint role played by supply-side factors - i.e., why parents marry off their underage daughters- and demand-side factors- i.e., why men enter into marital relationships with underage girls- in driving the prevalence rates of child marriage in the developing world. To turn this empirical finding into effective policy action, however, a quantitative assessment of the relative strength of both demandside and supply-side factors in explaining these high prevalence rates is of paramount importance. The first essay of my thesis aims to fill this knowledge gap by measuring the quantitative importance of the intrinsic value Niger's men attach to having child brides. The second essay follows up on the first, by developing a demand-side model of child marriage with empirical application to Nigeria, to explain why a large proportion of men in developing countries marry underage girls. The third essay explores both theoretically and empirically the causes of the observed mismatch between monetary and multidimensional child poverty. Like the first two essays, it is empirically grounded in the experiences of SSA countries, with a practical application to Tanzania. This essay theoretically links child outcomes, such as nutritional status and schooling achievements to parental and household characteristics including household income and parental education. The model used to formalize this link predicts that parental education influences the level of the mismatch between monetary and multidimensional child poverty. Empirical evidence drawn from Tanzania NPS data is consistent with this prediction. In particular, results show that parental education is a negative predictor of the probability that a monetarily non-poor child suffers some basic deprivations, and a positive predictor of the likelihood that a monetarily poor child suffers no basic deprivations. Overall, these three essays contribute to advancing our knowledge of factors that constraint children's life chances in SSA. In particular, my thesis suggests that policy interventions that ignores the extent and causes of local resistance to the implementation of child marriage prevention programs may face uncertain results (Essay 1 and Essay 2). It also highlights another channel through which parental education can play an important role in the improvement of children's life chances in developing countries (Essay 3).
