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Essays On Careers In Us Labor Markets
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Book Synopsis Essays on Careers in U.S. Labor Markets by : Lisa Blau Kahn
Download or read book Essays on Careers in U.S. Labor Markets written by Lisa Blau Kahn and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three essays in which I seek to understand how internal firm practices affect long-term outcomes for workers. In each essay, I exploit variation in external labor market conditions to help identify changes inside the firm. In the first chapter, I explore whether employer learning about worker quality is asymmetric. Do incumbent employers learn faster about their workers than does the outside market? I develop a methodology to measure the extent to which employers learn by relating the pay change distribution to various features of ability distributions. I exploit three distinct external labor market factors to generate differences in ability distributions, including the reason why workers left the previous job, economic conditions when entering a job, and occupational differences. I find that asymmetric learning is prevalent in the labor market with effects on wage-change distributions that are significant, both statistically and in terms of economic magnitudes.
Book Synopsis The Changing U.s. Labor Market by : Eli Ginzberg
Download or read book The Changing U.s. Labor Market written by Eli Ginzberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-09 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the aspects of the changing U.S. labor market, including the role that the export of advanced business services from the United States plays in the increasing globalization of the world's economy and the reemergence of national employment policy.
Book Synopsis Essays on Changing Nature of Work and Organizations by : Hye Jin Rho
Download or read book Essays on Changing Nature of Work and Organizations written by Hye Jin Rho and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation examines how the changing nature of work and organizations has altered the U.S. labor market to influence employment outcomes for job seekers (1) in alternative work arrangements and (2) of different genders. The first essay describes recent developments in the labor market for nonstandard workers, that is, an increase in the variety of pathways through which nonstandard workers are assigned to work. I suggest that changes in the regulatory environment, the rhetoric around competition, and technological developments have shaped inter-organizational relationships and norms in the industry to bring about a very different system of labor markets than was traditionally understood. I contend that such a multifaceted employment model with a diverse set of exchanges among multiple actors has profound implications for the future of IR research. The second essay examines the "multi-layered labor contracting" structure in which the recruitment of nonstandard workers is outsourced to an intermediating organization, who then selects workers from a group of competing suppliers. Drawing on power-dependence theories, I examine the link between these new contractual relationships and economic outcomes for lead firms and workers. Using proprietary data from employment records of nonstandard workers in Fortune 500 firms, I find that an additional contracting layer between lead firms and workers is associated with higher returns to firms and lower returns to workers. The loss from an additional contracting layer is reduced when workers gain bargaining power through pre-existing relationships with the firm. The third essay addresses how interactional processes between employers and job seekers at an initial recruitment phase online influence gender sorting of job seekers. We use unique data from a field study and (Study 1) a field experiment (Study 2) of online job postings to test two distinct interactional mechanisms: gendered language (as experienced by job seekers) and in-group preferences (as exercised by job seekers). We mostly find support for our predictions that, compared to male job seekers, female job seekers are more likely to show interest in and apply to a job when the job is described using more stereotypically feminine words or by female recruiters.
Book Synopsis Moving the Needle by : Katherine S. Newman
Download or read book Moving the Needle written by Katherine S. Newman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Most research on poverty focuses on the damage that persistent unemployment causes for individuals, families, and neighborhoods. But what happens when jobs are plentiful and workers are hard to come by? Persistent labor shortages became the norm in 2022, but there have been a number of periods in American history where tight labor markets prevailed. Moving the Needle examines what happens when conditions favorable to workers create market pressures that boost wages at the bottom, improve benefits, pull the unemployed from the sidelines to the center of a burgeoning job market, lengthen job ladders, and dampen credentialism. Utilizing 79 years of quantitative and historical data, as well as fieldwork among employers, jobseekers, and long-time residents of poor neighborhoods, this book explores how profoundly positive tight labor markets are for labor and recommends policies that would keep that momentum moving when the conditions that spur it forward no longer hold"--
Book Synopsis Labor Markets, Employment Policy, And Job Creation by : Lewis C. Solmon
Download or read book Labor Markets, Employment Policy, And Job Creation written by Lewis C. Solmon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This clear, accessible volume provides a comprehensive overview of the ongoing debate over the determining factors of and key influences on employment growth and labor market training, education, and related policies in the United States. Drawing on the work of distinguished labor economists, the chapters tackle questions posed by job and skill demands in the "new high-tech economy" and explore sources of employment growth; productivity growth and its implications for future employment; government mandates, labor costs, and employment; and labor force demographics, income inequality, and returns to human capital. These topics are central concerns for government, which must judge every prospective policy proposal by its effects on employment growth. Washington keeps at least one eye firmly on the jobs picture, and public officials at every level are constantly aware of the issues surrounding American job security. The jobs issue reaches beyond this focus on the unemployment rate and on total employment, including the rate at which employment is seen as growing, the growth of real wages, the security of employment, returns to human capital, uncertainty about the education and training best suited for a world of rapidly changing economic conditions, and the distribution of the gains from growth across economic classes and population groups.
Book Synopsis The Labor Market by : Don Divance Lescohier
Download or read book The Labor Market written by Don Divance Lescohier and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on the U.S. Labor Market by : Matthew D. French
Download or read book Essays on the U.S. Labor Market written by Matthew D. French and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Early Shocks, Late Options by : Till Marco Von Wachter
Download or read book Early Shocks, Late Options written by Till Marco Von Wachter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Markets and Institutions by : Marc A. Van Audenrode
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Markets and Institutions written by Marc A. Van Audenrode and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Good Jobs America by : Paul Osterman
Download or read book Good Jobs America written by Paul Osterman and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America confronts a jobs crisis that has two faces. The first is obvious when we read the newspapers or talk with our friends and neighbors: there are simply not enough jobs to go around. The second jobs crisis is more subtle but no less serious: far too many jobs fall below the standard that most Americans would consider decent work. A quarter of working adults are trapped in jobs that do not provide living wages, health insurance, or much hope of upward mobility. The problem spans all races and ethnic groups and includes both native-born Americans and immigrants. But Good Jobs America provides examples from industries ranging from food services and retail to manufacturing and hospitals to demonstrate that bad jobs can be made into good ones. Paul Osterman and Beth Shulman make a rigorous argument that by enacting policies to help employers improve job quality we can create better jobs, and futures, for all workers. Good Jobs America dispels several myths about low-wage work and job quality. The book demonstrates that mobility out of the low-wage market is a chimera—far too many adults remain trapped in poor-quality jobs. Osterman and Shulman show that while education and training are important, policies aimed at improving earnings equality are essential to lifting workers out of poverty. The book also demolishes the myth that such policies would slow economic growth. The experiences of countries such as France, Germany, and the Netherlands, show that it is possible to mandate higher job standards while remaining competitive in international markets. Good Jobs America shows that both government and the firms that hire low-wage workers have important roles to play in improving the quality of low-wage jobs. Enforcement agencies might bolster the effectiveness of existing regulations by exerting pressure on parent companies, enabling effects to trickle down to the subsidiaries and sub-contractors where low-wage jobs are located. States like New York have already demonstrated that involving community and advocacy groups—such as immigrant rights organizations, social services agencies, and unions—in the enforcement process helps decrease workplace violations. And since better jobs reduce turnover and improve performance, career ladder programs within firms help create positions employees can aspire to. But in order for ladder programs to work, firms must also provide higher rungs—the career advancement opportunities workers need to get ahead. Low-wage employment occupies a significant share of the American labor market, but most of these jobs offer little and lead nowhere. Good Jobs America reappraises what we know about job quality and low-wage employment and makes a powerful argument for our obligation to help the most vulnerable workers. A core principle of U.S. society is that good jobs be made accessible to all. This book proposes that such a goal is possible if we are committed to realizing it.
Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Market Flows by : Hajime Takizawa
Download or read book Essays on Labor Market Flows written by Hajime Takizawa and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first essay explores an environment characterized by search friction and the accumulation of non-firm specific skill. In this environment, a competitive search equilibrium has the following properties: Investment in skill is below the socially efficient level; there will not emerge separate markets catering to skilled and non-skilled workers. An alternative equilibrium concept that incorporates up-front payments from workers to firms does not resolve the problem of under-investment. However, it does eliminate the possibility of socially inefficient search and turnover that would result from the incentive for workers to look for better paying jobs in the absence of payments. In some economies but not all, a system of taxes and transfers is shown to resolve the under-investment problem.
Book Synopsis The Transition to Stable Employment by : Jacob Alex Klerman
Download or read book The Transition to Stable Employment written by Jacob Alex Klerman and published by RAND Corporation. This book was released on 1995 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report suggests that efforts to improve the school-to-work transition need to focus on those specific groups who fare worst in their early labor market career--most notably, high school dropouts.
Book Synopsis Using Labor Market Information in Career Exploration and Decision Making by :
Download or read book Using Labor Market Information in Career Exploration and Decision Making written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This self-study curriculum guide is intended to assist counselors and teachers in learning to use labor market and career information with clients more effectively. The following topics are covered: understanding career development and the use of career and labor market information in career counseling (changing ideas about career development, the role of theory, classification of theories as structural or developmental, and career development theories and career counseling); understanding the labor market (the basic model of the labor market and modifications of the concepts of supply and demand); exploring labor market information sources and systems (major state and federal sources, career information delivery systems, and nongovernmental sources); exploring labor market information resources and products (including discussions of 17 major resources); using labor market information in career counseling (occupational questions and resources and career counseling case studies); and developing a professional plan of action (professional, information, and community development). Appendixes include additional labor market information resources, guidelines for preparing and evaluating career information literature, designated vocational/career competency areas, introductions to the military services and the American labor movement, networking resources for establishing lines of communication, a glossary, and lists of acronyms and additional resources. (MN)
Book Synopsis Who's Not Working and Why by : Frederic L. Pryor
Download or read book Who's Not Working and Why written by Frederic L. Pryor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting a radically different view of the operations of the labor market, in this 1999 book Professors Pryor and Schaffer explain the growing inequality in wages and how those with the least education are being squeezed out of the labor market. Why have wages in those jobs requiring extra-high cognitive skills risen while all other wages have stagnated or fallen? And why are more university graduates taking high-school jobs? The authors of this volume present data revealing that jobs which require a high educational level are increasing more slowly than those with somewhat lower requirements. However such jobs are increasing faster than those requiring still less formal education. Professors Pryor and Schaffer also show how women are replacing men in jobs which require higher levels of education and, moreover, how those with high cognitive skills are replacing those with lower cognitive skills.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Labor Market Transitions by : Huanan Xu
Download or read book Three Essays on Labor Market Transitions written by Huanan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Labor Market Behavior of Sciences and Engineering Doctorates: Three Essays by :
Download or read book Labor Market Behavior of Sciences and Engineering Doctorates: Three Essays written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation I study the labor market behavior of sciences and engineering (S & E) doctorates trained and employed in the US. The first essay is an empirical study of task-to-task transitions based on the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (1973-2001). It first assesses the relevance of the careers of doctorates to S & E in general, and research and development (R & D) in particular. Second, it evaluates the participation rates and mobility patterns of doctorates in careers of different types using a transition model with independent competing risks. The second essay extends the empirical framework described above and specifies a dynamic model of occupational choices with symmetric learning about one of the task- specific abilities and dependence on past performance to explain the empirical career patterns described in the first essay. The predictions of the model are used to evaluate the effects of two counterfactual experiments on the supply of research skill. The third essay studies geographic choices for first employment of doctorates using the Survey of Earned Doctorates (SED) 1957-2005. Decisions of Americans, Canadians, and third country nationals to stay in the US after their PhD versus moving to Canada are compared. Individual characteristics and differences in political and economic conditions and career opportunities in the US versus Canada are evaluated to explain the observed differences in the choice of location.
Book Synopsis Essays on Labor Markets by : Andreas Gulyas
Download or read book Essays on Labor Markets written by Andreas Gulyas and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation contributes towards our understanding of the determinants of wage inequality and to the causes of the emergence of jobless recoveries. It consists of two chapters. The first, "Identifying Labor Market Sorting with Firm Dynamics" studies the determinants of wage inequality, which requires understanding how workers and firms match. I propose a novel strategy to identify the complementarities in production between unobserved worker and firm attributes, based on the idea that positive (negative) sorting implies that firms upgrade (downgrade) their workforce quality when they grow in size. I use German matched employer-employee data to estimate a search and matching model with worker-firm complementarities, job-to-job transitions, and firm dynamics. The relationship between changes in workforce quality and firm growth rates in the data informs the strength of complementarities in the model. Thus, this strategy bypasses the lack of identification inherent to environments with constant firm types. I find evidence of negative sorting and a significant dampening effect of worker-firm complementarities on wage inequality. Worker and firm heterogeneity, differential bargaining positions, and sorting contribute 71\%, 20\%, 32\% and -23\% to wage dispersion, respectively. Reallocating workers across firms to the first-best allocation without mismatch yields an output gain of less than one percent.\\ My second chapter, "Does the Cyclicality of Employment Depend on Trends in the Participation Rate?" studies the fact that the past three recessions were characterized by sluggish recovery of the employment to population ratio. The reasons behind these "jobless recoveries" are not well understood. Contrary to other post-WWII recessions, these "jobless recoveries" occurred during times with downward trending labor force participation rate(LFPR). I extend the directed search setup of Menzio et al. (2012) with a labor force participation decision to study whether trends in LFPR cause jobless recessions. I then show that that recoveries during times of declining LFPR look very different to recoveries during positive LFPR trend. The basic intuition is as follows: During downward trending LFPR, many low productivity workers cling on to their jobs, but once separated, it does not pay off for them to pay the search cost to re-enter the market. If the recession happens during increasing trend LFPR, then the employment recovery is helped by persons entering the labor market. Thus, I highlight that contrary to the usual approach in the literature, it is important to explicitly account for the trend of the LFPR.
