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Essays In International Trade Firm Heterogeneity And Gravity Applications
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Book Synopsis Essays in International Trade: Firm Heterogeneity and Gravity Applications by : Sonali Chowdhry
Download or read book Essays in International Trade: Firm Heterogeneity and Gravity Applications written by Sonali Chowdhry and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on firm heterogeneity and quality in international trade by : Eddy Bekkers
Download or read book Essays on firm heterogeneity and quality in international trade written by Eddy Bekkers and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis is organized as follows. Chapter 2 contains a survey of the three most in‡fluential models on fi…rm heterogeneity and of the most important empirical work on firrm heterogeneity. The chapter starts with a brief review of the homogeneous productivity imperfect competition literature. Chapter 2 …finishes with a comparison of the three most in‡fluential models of fi…rm heterogeneity and the oligopoly model put forward in the thesis. Chapter 3 addresses exporting uncertainty under heterogeneous popularity. Chapter 4 contains the chapter on …firm heterogeneity under oligopoly. Chapter 5 constitutes the models on …firm heterogeneity and endogenous quality. Chapter 6 points out the within-sector specialization model. Chapter 7 addresses the effect of importer characteristics on unit values and the role of markups and quality to explain this effect. Chapter 8 concludes.
Book Synopsis Essays in Firms Heterogeneity and International Trade by : Svetlana Demidova
Download or read book Essays in Firms Heterogeneity and International Trade written by Svetlana Demidova and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays on Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade by : Umut Senalp
Download or read book Essays on Firm Heterogeneity and International Trade written by Umut Senalp and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trade Flows, Multilateral Resistance, and Firm Heterogeneity by : Mr.Alberto Behar
Download or read book Trade Flows, Multilateral Resistance, and Firm Heterogeneity written by Mr.Alberto Behar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a gravity model that accounts for multilateral resistance, firm heterogeneity and country-selection into trade, while accommodating asymmetries in trade flows. A new equation for the proportion of exporting firms takes a gravity form, such that the extensive margin is also affected by multilateral resistance. We develop Taylor approximated multilateral resistance terms with which to capture the comparative static effects of changes in trade costs. For isolated bilateral changes in trade frictions, multilateral resistance effects are small for most countries. However, if all countries reduce their trade frictions, the impact of multilateral resistance is so strong that bilateral trade falls in most cases, despite the larger trade elasticities implied by firm heterogeneity. As a consequence, the world-wide trade response, though positive, is much lower.
Book Synopsis Essays on International Trade, Productivity and Firm Heterogeneity by : Anders Åkerman
Download or read book Essays on International Trade, Productivity and Firm Heterogeneity written by Anders Åkerman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Heterogeneous Firms and International Trade by :
Download or read book Three Essays on Heterogeneous Firms and International Trade written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essays in International Trade and Industrial Organization by : Ludovic Panon
Download or read book Essays in International Trade and Industrial Organization written by Ludovic Panon and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Role of Heterogeneity in Industrial Organization, International Trade, and Environmental Economics by : Xin Zhao
Download or read book Three Essays on the Role of Heterogeneity in Industrial Organization, International Trade, and Environmental Economics written by Xin Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three studies on trade, industrial organization, and environmental economics. The first study investigates endogenous cartel formation with market entry and firm heterogeneity. We show why large firms do not join a cartel in some industries and choose to compete rather than cooperate with a cartel. We illustrate that, under certain conditions, only firms with intermediate productivity benefit from joining a cartel; and low-productive firms cannot compete efficiently for production quota in the cartel and hence choose to stay out. High-productive firms prefer to stay out because building excess capacity in cartel lowers their profits.
Book Synopsis Essays on Heterogeneous Firms in International Economics by : Konstantinos Costas Arkolakis
Download or read book Essays on Heterogeneous Firms in International Economics written by Konstantinos Costas Arkolakis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Trade with Heterogeneous Firms and the Gravity Equation by : Sebastian Findeisen
Download or read book International Trade with Heterogeneous Firms and the Gravity Equation written by Sebastian Findeisen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Essays on Trade and Mode of Supply by : Pamela Bombarda
Download or read book Three Essays on Trade and Mode of Supply written by Pamela Bombarda and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Firm Heterogeneity and Multiproduct Firms in International Trade by : Hong Ma
Download or read book Firm Heterogeneity and Multiproduct Firms in International Trade written by Hong Ma and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Institutional Setting and Networks Effect on International Trade by : Davide Arioldi
Download or read book Institutional Setting and Networks Effect on International Trade written by Davide Arioldi and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis explores the role of different measures of proximity on some topics related to international trade. We focus on how institutional setting (institutional proximity) and network structure (cognitive and social proximity) influence the geography of international trade. In the first chapter, we extend the results of Rose and Spiegel (2011) and the findings by Bista (2017) proposing a source of heterogeneity for the Olympic effect: the institutional channel. We prove that the Olympic effect is only a member of the broader Mega-events effect and we find different liberalization behaviors among legal families after bidding for the event. In the second chapter, we apply a new index of bargaining power in communications network to the choice of invoicing currency. Our bargaining index is derived implementing the Calvo- Aremngol (2001) index in a weighted and directed network. Our aim is to understand whether the exporter and importer's sector bargaining powers (defined by the relative trade positions in the network of communications) have a role in the currency choice. With highly disaggregated Italian export and import customs data, we document a significant impact on the invoicing currency decision of our bargaining power index. Importers (exporters) with greater bargaining power tend to price their traded goods in the local (producer) currencies. In the third chapter of this thesis, we incorporate the empirical evidence of "extended gravity" and spatial exporter effects into the gravity model of trade with heterogeneous firms developed by Chaney (2008). Introducing country pairs and spatially correlated preferences in the consumers' utility, we explain most of the network effects found by previous scholars. Our results are confirmed in a structural estimation of the model on a subset of products and countries. We identify the spatial correlation parameter of consumers' preferences considering, in a custom union, the ratio of export to the same country from different countries, in order to control for observed and unobserved fixed costs to export, using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain (HMC) estimator.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Role of Firm Behavior in International Trade by : Anson Benjamin Soderbery
Download or read book Essays on the Role of Firm Behavior in International Trade written by Anson Benjamin Soderbery and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation discusses the role firms behavior takes in shaping our understanding of international trade. It discusses the impact on well held theoretical and empirical results from international trade when accounting for commonalities in firm behavior that distort the economy. Chapter 1 develops a model of international trade where firms are heterogeneous across two dimensions: capacity and productivity. Capacity constraints rationalize empirical results that are anomalous to new trade theory. When capacity is relatively abundant, the model predicts stronger competition (selection) in larger markets. Con- versely, when capacity is relatively "tight" constrained firms weaken competition and boost the average price level in larger markets - similar to tacit collusion. Under inter- national trade, constrained firms choose to sell a greater fraction of their production in the largest accessible market. Capacity constraints can thus magnify (dampen) domestic price and competition distortions when foreign markets are relatively large (small). Chapter 2 addresses biases in estimates of the impact of product variety on prices and welfare when market structure is inaccurately defined. We employ a market- based data set on the U.S. automobile market that allows us to define goods varieties at a more precise level, as well as discern location of production and ownership of varieties. Our estimates of price and welfare changes from new varieties in the U.S. automobile sector are twice as large as standard estimates when using our detailed market-based data. We also show that new varieties introduced by foreign-owned affiliates provided an additional 70% welfare gain during our sample. Chapter 3 notes that estimates of consumer gains from imported products rely on Feenstra (1994)'s method to estimate elasticities of substitution. Through a Monte Carlo experiment, simulated estimates suggest substantial biases due to weak instruments. However, the derivation of the elasticity of substitution drastically mitigates these biases.
Book Synopsis Essays on International Trade Dynamics by :
Download or read book Essays on International Trade Dynamics written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers a unified framework to analyze both short- and long-run trade dynamics in a consistent manner. It explains "the international elasticity puzzle", a low trade elasticity against temporary shocks and a high trade elasticity against permanent shocks, studied in Ruhl (2008). The model in this paper extends the idea of export sunk costs and uncertainty to more general productivity shock processes by embedding the classical theory of "export hysteresis" into a continuous-time trade model with heterogeneous firms, and considers the effects of both aggregate and idiosyncratic productivity shocks. A sharp analytical characterization of the equilibrium elucidates the microfoundations of trade dynamics linking a static trade model with heterogeneous firms and an international macroeconomic model. Due to the sunk costs and uncertainty, firms do not change their export status against small temporary shocks. Aggregate productivity shocks and export sunk costs explain the elasticity puzzle because of the different adjustments on the extensive margin. If the productivity shocks are idiosyncratic, the economy is in a steady state, with individual firms moving around within a stationary distribution of productivities. Export hysteresis gives rise to a region of firm productivity where both exporters and non-exporters coexist given the same current productivity. The full model incorporates both types of shocks and offers realistic microfoundations of trade dynamics including simultaneous export entry and exit, an evolving productivity density of exporters, and the sluggish trade response to aggregate shocks. The model can be applied to various other settings where both aggregate and idiosyncratic shocks affect heterogeneous agents' dynamic problems.
Book Synopsis Essays on International Trade and International Macroeconomics by : Ana Filipa Vieira Nadais
Download or read book Essays on International Trade and International Macroeconomics written by Ana Filipa Vieira Nadais and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This dissertation consists of three essays studying different aspects of international economics. The first two chapters focus on international trade, namely on estimating the size of trade barriers by looking at how firms manage their inventories, while Chapter 3 focus on international macroeconomics; in specific, the likelihood of a country to default on its debt when there is an informal sector. The first chapter provides evidence supporting the common assumption that international fixed ordering costs are higher than domestic fixed ordering costs. The canonical inventory model (the EOQ model) is extended to include two inputs sourced from different countries. Given the demand for each of the inputs, the fixed ordering costs and the inventory holding cost, the firm decides the optimal quantity to order each period. The model is estimated using firmlevel data on inventories of raw materials and inputs used from domestic and international sources. Assuming constant returns on inventory holding costs, the model reveals that it is between 20 and 60 times more expensive to place an order internationally than domestically, but yields an elasticity of inventories to demand much smaller than in the data. Allowing for a more general holding cost structure, that depends on the level of inventories in stock captures the variation of inventories' cost with firm's size. With this more general setup, foreign ordering costs are estimated to be between 3.5 and 5.2 times higher than domestic, suggesting that there are strong economies of scale in holding inventories. Those estimates are corroborated when I allow total fixed ordering costs to depend on total demand as this specification results in international fixed ordering costs between 4.1 and 7.2 times higher than domestic. The second chapter uses firm-level data on inventory holdings and source of inputs to estimate domestic and international trade barriers looking not only at fixed costs, but also at time lags and computing their tariff equivalents. It starts by documenting three features related to inventories, import decisions, and firm's size. First, inventories increase strongly in size, with an elasticity right below one. Second, importers hold more inventories than non-importers and third, inventories increase in import intensity. Given inventory carrying costs, the inventory holdings are used to infer relative domestic and international trade barriers. I develop a model of heterogeneous firms that produce using imperfectly substitutable domestic and imported intermediates and face demand and supply uncertainty. Given ordering costs and delivery lags that differ by source country, interest charges and inventory holding costs, producers use inventories to economize on trade costs. I find it is 5 times more costly to place an international than a domestic order but, when scaled by average shipment size, the international fixed ordering cost is just twice as large; the international time lag is 3 times larger than the domestic and there is complementarity in inputs, reflected in higher domestic inventories to domestic purchases ratio for importers than for non-importers. Overall, domestic and international trade frictions have a 17.3% tariff equivalent. I decompose these tariffs into their three components and observe that due to the substitutability between fixed ordering costs and inventory holding costs, these barriers have the same relevance while that of time lag is slightly smaller. This framework can then be used to evaluate the benefits of infrastructure investments and policy changes to reduce time delays, uncertainty or fixed ordering costs. The last chapter starts from the observation that, although emerging markets are often characterized by a large informal sector, frequent default and procyclical fiscal policies, sovereign default models proposing explanations for the high sovereign bonds interest rate spreads faced by developing economies have abstracted from the existence of the informal sector and its role. To address this concern, I propose a mechanism through which the size of the informal sector impacts a country's default decision. I extend a small open economy sovereign default model by including an informal and a formal sector and pro-cyclical fiscal policies, where a benevolent government makes default and tax decisions in order to maximize agent's utility and satisfy its level of public spending. I conclude that the taxable base decreases in the size of the informal sector leading to more distortions, which translate into higher tax rates, and more frequent defaults and that these results are magnified over the business cycle"--Pages vi-viii.