The Economics of Big Science

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030523918
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Big Science by : Hans Peter Beck

Download or read book The Economics of Big Science written by Hans Peter Beck and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this open access volume identify the key ingredients for success in capitalizing on public investments in scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures. Investment in science – whether in education and training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal benefits as well as identifying future challenges for scientists and policy makers. The volume cites different ways to assess the socio-economic impact of Research Infrastructures and their role as hubs of global collaboration, creativity and innovation. It highlights the different benefits stemming from fundamental research at the local, national and global level, while also inviting us to rethink the notion of “benefit” in the 21st century. Public investment is required to maintain the pace of technological and scientific advancements over the next decades. Far from advocating a radical transformation and massive expansion in funding, the authors suggest ways for maintaining a strong foundation of science and research to ensure that we continue to benefit from the outputs. The volume draws inspiration from the first “Economics of Big Science” workshop, held in Brussels in 2019 with the aim of creating a new space for dialogue and interaction between representatives of Big Science organizations, policy makers and academia. It aspires to provide useful reading for policy makers, scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to explain the value of fundamental research and adopt the language and logic of economics when engaging in policy discussions.

Institutions, Innovation, and Industrialization

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691202737
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Institutions, Innovation, and Industrialization by : Avner Greif

Download or read book Institutions, Innovation, and Industrialization written by Avner Greif and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a group of leading economic historians to examine how institutions, innovation, and industrialization have determined the development of nations. Presented in honor of Joel Mokyr—arguably the preeminent economic historian of his generation—these wide-ranging essays address a host of core economic questions. What are the origins of markets? How do governments shape our economic fortunes? What role has entrepreneurship played in the rise and success of capitalism? Tackling these and other issues, the book looks at coercion and exchange in the markets of twelfth-century China, sovereign debt in the age of Philip II of Spain, the regulation of child labor in nineteenth-century Europe, meat provisioning in pre–Civil War New York, aircraft manufacturing before World War I, and more. The book also features an essay that surveys Mokyr's important contributions to the field of economic history, and an essay by Mokyr himself on the origins of the Industrial Revolution. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Gergely Baics, Hoyt Bleakley, Fabio Braggion, Joyce Burnette, Louis Cain, Mauricio Drelichman, Narly Dwarkasing, Joseph Ferrie, Noel Johnson, Eric Jones, Mark Koyama, Ralf Meisenzahl, Peter Meyer, Joel Mokyr, Lyndon Moore, Cormac Ó Gráda, Rick Szostak, Carolyn Tuttle, Karine van der Beek, Hans-Joachim Voth, and Simone Wegge.

The Economics of Hope

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Publisher : Burns & Oates
ISBN 13 : 9781855670839
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Hope by : Christopher Freeman

Download or read book The Economics of Hope written by Christopher Freeman and published by Burns & Oates. This book was released on 1992 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Hope embodies Christopher Freeman's positive views of the potential of mankind to use its resources constructively. Grounded in the thorough empirical research which is the hallmark of his writings, these essays steer the reader through the complex questions surrounding the issues of technical change, innovation and economic growth.

Science Bought and Sold

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226538563
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (385 download)

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Book Synopsis Science Bought and Sold by : Philip Mirowski

Download or read book Science Bought and Sold written by Philip Mirowski and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2002-01-03 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From essays examining economic welfare to the idea of scientists as agents to the digital aspects of higher education, presents a comprehensive overview of the new directions of this expanding area.

Innovation, Economic Development and Policy

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Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1788110269
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (881 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovation, Economic Development and Policy by : Jan Fagerberg

Download or read book Innovation, Economic Development and Policy written by Jan Fagerberg and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative and enlightening book focuses on fundamental questions such as what is innovation, who is it relevant for, what are the effects, and what is the role of (innovation) policy in supporting innovation-diffusion? The first two sections present a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on the phenomenon and analyse how this knowledge (and the scholarly community underpinning it) has evolved towards its present state. The third part explores the role of innovation for growth and development, while section four is concerned with the national innovation system and the role of (innovation) policy in influencing its dynamics and responding to the important challenges facing contemporary societies.

The Economics of New Goods

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226074188
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of New Goods by : Timothy F. Bresnahan

Download or read book The Economics of New Goods written by Timothy F. Bresnahan and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New goods are at the heart of economic progress. The eleven essays in this volume include historical treatments of new goods and their diffusion; practical exercises in measurement addressed to recent and ongoing innovations; and real-world methods of devising quantitative adjustments for quality change. The lead article in Part I contains a striking analysis of the history of light over two millenia. Other essays in Part I develop new price indexes for automobiles back to 1906; trace the role of the air conditioner in the development of the American south; and treat the germ theory of disease as an economic innovation. In Part II essays measure the economic impact of more recent innovations, including anti-ulcer drugs, new breakfast cereals, and computers. Part III explores methods and defects in the treatment of quality change in the official price data of the United States, Canada, and Japan. This pathbreaking volume will interest anyone who studies economic growth, productivity, and the American standard of living.

How Economics Shapes Science

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Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674267559
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis How Economics Shapes Science by : Paula Stephan

Download or read book How Economics Shapes Science written by Paula Stephan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The beauty of science may be pure and eternal, but the practice of science costs money. And scientists, being human, respond to incentives and costs, in money and glory. Choosing a research topic, deciding what papers to write and where to publish them, sticking with a familiar area or going into something new—the payoff may be tenure or a job at a highly ranked university or a prestigious award or a bump in salary. The risk may be not getting any of that. At a time when science is seen as an engine of economic growth, Paula Stephan brings a keen understanding of the ongoing cost-benefit calculations made by individuals and institutions as they compete for resources and reputation. She shows how universities offload risks by increasing the percentage of non-tenure-track faculty, requiring tenured faculty to pay salaries from outside grants, and staffing labs with foreign workers on temporary visas. With funding tight, investigators pursue safe projects rather than less fundable ones with uncertain but potentially path-breaking outcomes. Career prospects in science are increasingly dismal for the young because of ever-lengthening apprenticeships, scarcity of permanent academic positions, and the difficulty of getting funded. Vivid, thorough, and bold, How Economics Shapes Science highlights the growing gap between the haves and have-nots—especially the vast imbalance between the biomedical sciences and physics/engineering—and offers a persuasive vision of a more productive, more creative research system that would lead and benefit the world.

The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited

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Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226473031
Total Pages : 715 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited by : Josh Lerner

Download or read book The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited written by Josh Lerner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2012-04-15 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers contributions to questions relating to the economics of innovation and technological change. Central to the development of new technologies are institutional environments and among the topics discussed are the roles played by universities and the ways in which the allocation of funds affects innovation.

The Science of Science Policy

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Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804781605
Total Pages : 658 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Science Policy by : Julia I. Lane

Download or read book The Science of Science Policy written by Julia I. Lane and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-18 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic scientific research and technological development have had an enormous impact on innovation, economic growth, and social well-being. Yet science policy debates have long been dominated by advocates for particular scientific fields or missions. In the absence of a deeper understanding of the changing framework in which innovation occurs, policymakers cannot predict how best to make and manage investments to exploit our most promising and important opportunities. Since 2005, a science of science policy has developed rapidly in response to policymakers' increased demands for better tools and the social sciences' capacity to provide them. The Science of Science Policy: A Handbook brings together some of the best and brightest minds working in science policy to explore the foundations of an evidence-based platform for the field. The contributions in this book provide an overview of the current state of the science of science policy from three angles: theoretical, empirical, and policy in practice. They offer perspectives from the broader social science, behavioral science, and policy communities on the fascinating challenges and prospects in this evolving arena. Drawing on domestic and international experiences, the text delivers insights about the critical questions that create a demand for a science of science policy.

The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226833127
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Artificial Intelligence by : Ajay Agrawal

Download or read book The Economics of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.

The Battle Over Patents

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019757615X
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Battle Over Patents by : Stephen H. Haber

Download or read book The Battle Over Patents written by Stephen H. Haber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay is the introduction to a book of the same title, forthcoming in summer of 2021 from Oxford University Press. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in any way they can, and consequently, they are riven with imperfections. The interesting historical question is why US-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays in the book suggest that the creation of a tradable but temporary property right facilitates the transfer of technological knowledge and thus fosters a highly productive decentralized ecology of inventors and firms.

A Culture of Growth

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691168881
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis A Culture of Growth by : Joel Mokyr

Download or read book A Culture of Growth written by Joel Mokyr and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why Enlightenment culture sparked the Industrial Revolution During the late eighteenth century, innovations in Europe triggered the Industrial Revolution and the sustained economic progress that spread across the globe. While much has been made of the details of the Industrial Revolution, what remains a mystery is why it took place at all. Why did this revolution begin in the West and not elsewhere, and why did it continue, leading to today's unprecedented prosperity? In this groundbreaking book, celebrated economic historian Joel Mokyr argues that a culture of growth specific to early modern Europe and the European Enlightenment laid the foundations for the scientific advances and pioneering inventions that would instigate explosive technological and economic development. Bringing together economics, the history of science and technology, and models of cultural evolution, Mokyr demonstrates that culture—the beliefs, values, and preferences in society that are capable of changing behavior—was a deciding factor in societal transformations. Mokyr looks at the period 1500–1700 to show that a politically fragmented Europe fostered a competitive "market for ideas" and a willingness to investigate the secrets of nature. At the same time, a transnational community of brilliant thinkers known as the “Republic of Letters” freely circulated and distributed ideas and writings. This political fragmentation and the supportive intellectual environment explain how the Industrial Revolution happened in Europe but not China, despite similar levels of technology and intellectual activity. In Europe, heterodox and creative thinkers could find sanctuary in other countries and spread their thinking across borders. In contrast, China’s version of the Enlightenment remained controlled by the ruling elite. Combining ideas from economics and cultural evolution, A Culture of Growth provides startling reasons for why the foundations of our modern economy were laid in the mere two centuries between Columbus and Newton.

The Other Canon of Economics, Volume 1

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Publisher : Anthem Press
ISBN 13 : 1839982993
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (399 download)

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Book Synopsis The Other Canon of Economics, Volume 1 by : Erik Reinert

Download or read book The Other Canon of Economics, Volume 1 written by Erik Reinert and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Other Canon Economics: Essays in the Theory and History of Uneven Economic Development brings together key essays on development economics from one of the most prolific and important development economists and historians of economic policy today. Erik S. Reinert argues through essays ranging from 1994 to 2020 that neo-classical economics damages developing countries, mostly via adherence to the theory of comparative advantage. Based on a long intellectual tradition, started by the Italian economists Giovanni Botero (1589) and Antonio Serra (1613), Reinert shows that the country which trades increasing returns goods – e.g. high-end manufacture – has advantages over the country which trades diminishing returns goods – e.g. commodities. This has important implications for today’s development strategies that, Reinert argues, should be seen as industrial strategies.

Investing in Innovation

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262522670
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (226 download)

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Book Synopsis Investing in Innovation by : Lewis M. Branscomb

Download or read book Investing in Innovation written by Lewis M. Branscomb and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortly after taking office in 1993, President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore called for a shift in American technology policy toward an expansion of public investments in partnerships with private industry. The authors of this volume were invited by the Clinton administration to take a hard, nonpartisan look at how successful the new policies have been and to propose ways to make their programs more effective. The first summary report of the team's recommendations was called the "hottest technology policy property on Capitol Hill."This book, an expansion of that report, offers a new set of technology policy principles. The authors use the principles to evaluate many federal research programs and to make recommendations for change. This volume will set the terms of the debate over the national research and innovation policy for years to come.

The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781494027520
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science by : Ludwig von Mises

Download or read book The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science written by Ludwig von Mises and published by . This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a new release of the original 1962 edition.

Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022620684X
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy by : Avi Goldfarb

Download or read book Economic Analysis of the Digital Economy written by Avi Goldfarb and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-08 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a small and growing literature that explores the impact of digitization in a variety of contexts, but its economic consequences, surprisingly, remain poorly understood. This volume aims to set the agenda for research in the economics of digitization, with each chapter identifying a promising area of research. "Economics of Digitization "identifies urgent topics with research already underway that warrant further exploration from economists. In addition to the growing importance of digitization itself, digital technologies have some features that suggest that many well-studied economic models may not apply and, indeed, so many aspects of the digital economy throw normal economics in a loop. "Economics of Digitization" will be one of the first to focus on the economic implications of digitization and to bring together leading scholars in the economics of digitization to explore emerging research.

The Oxford Handbook of Innovation

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199286809
Total Pages : 676 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Innovation by : Jan Fagerberg

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Innovation written by Jan Fagerberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-19 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides academics and students with a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the phenomenon of innovation.