Escaping Poverty

Download Escaping Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : V&R Unipress
ISBN 13 : 9783847101680
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Escaping Poverty by : Peer Vries

Download or read book Escaping Poverty written by Peer Vries and published by V&R Unipress. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the biggest debates in economic history deals with the Great Divergence. How can we explain that at a certain moment in time (the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries) a certain part of the world (the West) escaped from general poverty and became much richer than it had ever been before and than the rest of the world? Many prominent scholars discussed this question and came up with many different answers. This book provides a systematic analysis of the most important of those answers by means of an analysis of possible explanations in terms of natural resources, labour, capital, the division of labour and market exchange, accumulation and innovation, and as potential underlying determining factors institutions and culture. The author juxtaposes the views of economists / social scientists and of global historians and systematically compares Great Britain and China to illustrate his position. He qualifies the importance of natural resources, accumulation and the extension of markets, points at the importance of factor prices and changes in consumption and emphasizes the role of innovation, institutions - in particular an active developmental state - and culture.

How China Escaped the Poverty Trap

Download How China Escaped the Poverty Trap PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501706403
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How China Escaped the Poverty Trap by : Yuen Yuen Ang

Download or read book How China Escaped the Poverty Trap written by Yuen Yuen Ang and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE 2017 PETER KATZENSTEIN BOOK PRIZE "BEST OF BOOKS IN 2017" BY FOREIGN AFFAIRS WINNER OF THE 2018 VIVIAN ZELIZER PRIZE BEST BOOK AWARD IN ECONOMIC SOCIOLOGY "How China Escaped the Poverty Trap truly offers game-changing ideas for the analysis and implementation of socio-economic development and should have a major impact across many social sciences." ― Zelizer Best Book in Economic Sociology Prize Committee Acclaimed as "game changing" and "field shifting," How China Escaped the Poverty Trap advances a new paradigm in the political economy of development and sheds new light on China's rise. How can poor and weak societies escape poverty traps? Political economists have traditionally offered three answers: "stimulate growth first," "build good institutions first," or "some fortunate nations inherited good institutions that led to growth." Yuen Yuen Ang rejects all three schools of thought and their underlying assumptions: linear causation, a mechanistic worldview, and historical determinism. Instead, she launches a new paradigm grounded in complex adaptive systems, which embraces the reality of interdependence and humanity's capacity to innovate. Combining this original lens with more than 400 interviews with Chinese bureaucrats and entrepreneurs, Ang systematically reenacts the complex process that turned China from a communist backwater into a global juggernaut in just 35 years. Contrary to popular misconceptions, she shows that what drove China's great transformation was not centralized authoritarian control, but "directed improvisation"—top-down directions from Beijing paired with bottom-up improvisation among local officials. Her analysis reveals two broad lessons on development. First, transformative change requires an adaptive governing system that empowers ground-level actors to create new solutions for evolving problems. Second, the first step out of the poverty trap is to "use what you have"—harnessing existing resources to kick-start new markets, even if that means defying first-world norms. Bold and meticulously researched, How China Escaped the Poverty Trap opens up a whole new avenue of thinking for scholars, practitioners, and anyone seeking to build adaptive systems.

Is Your Thinking Keeping You Poor?

Download Is Your Thinking Keeping You Poor? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin Random House South Africa
ISBN 13 : 1776091140
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Is Your Thinking Keeping You Poor? by : Douglas Kruger

Download or read book Is Your Thinking Keeping You Poor? written by Douglas Kruger and published by Penguin Random House South Africa. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Thinking like a poor person will keep you poor. Thinking like a wealthy person will make you wealthy. I would like to show you exactly what the differences between the two ways of thinking are and how you can use them in your favour.’ – Douglas Kruger - Douglas Kruger Being rich is not normal: most people never achieve wealth in their lifetime. The very word ‘rich’ describes a state beyond the median, and therein lies an important lesson. To become rich, you will have to think radically differently from the way most people around you think. Do you know what those specific differences may be? Business and wealth guru Douglas Kruger strips away the feel-good hype and gets right down to the practical principles. He leads you through the types of thinking that hold individuals, families and businesses in generational cycles of poverty. He explores the dramatically different approaches of the self-made rich and super-rich, showing you which behaviours to begin practising and which behaviours are traitorous to your wealth potential. Escape poverty. Raise your value. Change the trajectory of your story. It all begins with the way you think.

One Illness Away

Download One Illness Away PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199693196
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis One Illness Away by : Anirudh Krishna

Download or read book One Illness Away written by Anirudh Krishna and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first large-scale examination of the reasons why people fall into poverty and how they escape it in diverse contexts. It draws on personal interviews with 35,000 households in India, Kenya, Uganda, Peru, and the United States.

The Great Escape

Download The Great Escape PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691259259
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Great Escape by : Angus Deaton

Download or read book The Great Escape written by Angus Deaton and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-21 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Nobel Prize–winning economist tells the remarkable story of how the world has grown healthier, wealthier, but also more unequal over the past two and half centuries The world is a better place than it used to be. People are healthier, wealthier, and live longer. Yet the escapes from destitution by so many has left gaping inequalities between people and nations. In The Great Escape, Nobel Prize–winning economist Angus Deaton—one of the foremost experts on economic development and on poverty—tells the remarkable story of how, beginning 250 years ago, some parts of the world experienced sustained progress, opening up gaps and setting the stage for today's disproportionately unequal world. Deaton takes an in-depth look at the historical and ongoing patterns behind the health and wealth of nations, and addresses what needs to be done to help those left behind. Deaton describes vast innovations and wrenching setbacks: the successes of antibiotics, pest control, vaccinations, and clean water on the one hand, and disastrous famines and the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the other. He examines the United States, a nation that has prospered but is today experiencing slower growth and increasing inequality. He also considers how economic growth in India and China has improved the lives of more than a billion people. Deaton argues that international aid has been ineffective and even harmful. He suggests alternative efforts—including reforming incentives to drug companies and lifting trade restrictions—that will allow the developing world to bring about its own Great Escape. Demonstrating how changes in health and living standards have transformed our lives, The Great Escape is a powerful guide to addressing the well-being of all nations.

Poverty Proof

Download Poverty Proof PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin Random House South Africa
ISBN 13 : 1776094522
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (76 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty Proof by : Douglas Kruger

Download or read book Poverty Proof written by Douglas Kruger and published by Penguin Random House South Africa. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is it that some people work hard, yet remain poor? How is it that others seem to rise out of poverty and become affluent in a short span of time? If you want to know how to become rich relatively quickly, and avoid spending years working back-breakingly hard without ever breaking even, then read on. The answers to escaping poverty and becoming wealthy are actually well known and based on a number of powerful principles that have been tested by time and replicated in different countries, by families and individuals who have become astonishingly rich. So, what are these ideas that genuinely lift people out of poverty and ensure their personal wealth? Here are 50. They all work. They will make you richer. They remove the emotion, the politics and the clutter from our thoughts about wealth, and they go straight to the heart of one simple issue: what it genuinely takes to become rich. Prepare to train your brain for wealth. Prepare to become ‘poverty proof’ for life,

The Economics of Poverty Traps

Download The Economics of Poverty Traps PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022657430X
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Economics of Poverty Traps by : Christopher B. Barrett

Download or read book The Economics of Poverty Traps written by Christopher B. Barrett and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What circumstances or behaviors turn poverty into a cycle that perpetuates across generations? The answer to this question carries especially important implications for the design and evaluation of policies and projects intended to reduce poverty. Yet a major challenge analysts and policymakers face in understanding poverty traps is the sheer number of mechanisms—not just financial, but also environmental, physical, and psychological—that may contribute to the persistence of poverty all over the world. The research in this volume explores the hypothesis that poverty is self-reinforcing because the equilibrium behaviors of the poor perpetuate low standards of living. Contributions explore the dynamic, complex processes by which households accumulate assets and increase their productivity and earnings potential, as well as the conditions under which some individuals, groups, and economies struggle to escape poverty. Investigating the full range of phenomena that combine to generate poverty traps—gleaned from behavioral, health, and resource economics as well as the sociology, psychology, and environmental literatures—chapters in this volume also present new evidence that highlights both the insights and the limits of a poverty trap lens. The framework introduced in this volume provides a robust platform for studying well-being dynamics in developing economies.

Poverty Traps

Download Poverty Traps PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691170932
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty Traps by : Samuel Bowles

Download or read book Poverty Traps written by Samuel Bowles and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much popular belief--and public policy--rests on the idea that those born into poverty have it in their power to escape. But the persistence of poverty and ever-growing economic inequality around the world have led many economists to seriously question the model of individual economic self-determination when it comes to the poor. In Poverty Traps, Samuel Bowles, Steven Durlauf, Karla Hoff, and the book's other contributors argue that there are many conditions that may trap individuals, groups, and whole economies in intractable poverty. For the first time the editors have brought together the perspectives of economics, economic history, and sociology to assess what we know--and don't know--about such traps. Among the sources of the poverty of nations, the authors assign a primary role to social and political institutions, ranging from corruption to seemingly benign social customs such as kin systems. Many of the institutions that keep nations poor have deep roots in colonial history and persist long after their initial causes are gone. Neighborhood effects--influences such as networks, role models, and aspirations--can create hard-to-escape pockets of poverty even in rich countries. Similar individuals in dissimilar socioeconomic environments develop different preferences and beliefs that can transmit poverty or affluence from generation to generation. The book presents evidence of harmful neighborhood effects and discusses policies to overcome them, with attention to the uncertainty that exists in evaluating such policies.

Poorly Understood

Download Poorly Understood PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190881402
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poorly Understood by : Mark Robert Rank

Download or read book Poorly Understood written by Mark Robert Rank and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if the idealized image of American societya land of opportunity that will reward hard work with economic successis completely wrong? Few topics have as many myths, stereotypes, and misperceptions surrounding them as that of poverty in America. The poor have been badly misunderstood since the beginnings of the country, with the rhetoric only ratcheting up in recent times. Our current era of fake news, alternative facts, and media partisanship has led to a breeding ground for all types of myths and misinformation to gain traction and legitimacy. Poorly Understood is the first book to systematically address and confront many of the most widespread myths pertaining to poverty. Mark Robert Rank, Lawrence M. Eppard, and Heather E. Bullock powerfully demonstrate that the realities of poverty are much different than the myths; indeed in many ways they are more disturbing. The idealized image of American society is one of abundant opportunities, with hard work being rewarded by economic prosperity. But what if this picture is wrong? What if poverty is an experience that touches the majority of Americans? What if hard work does not necessarily lead to economic well-being? What if the reasons for poverty are largely beyond the control of individuals? And if all of the evidence necessary to disprove these myths has been readily available for years, why do they remain so stubbornly pervasive? These are much more disturbing realities to consider because they call into question the very core of America's identity. Armed with the latest research, Poorly Understood not only challenges the myths of poverty and inequality, but it explains why these myths continue to exist, providing an innovative blueprint for how the nation can move forward to effectively alleviate American poverty.

Ending Global Poverty

Download Ending Global Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 1466892323
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (668 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ending Global Poverty by : Stephen C. Smith

Download or read book Ending Global Poverty written by Stephen C. Smith and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 800 million people suffer from chronic hunger, and over ten million children die each year from preventable causes. These may seem like overwhelming statistics, but as Stephen Smith shows in this call to arms, global poverty is something that we can and should solve within our lifetimes. Ending Global Poverty explores the various traps that keep people mired in poverty, traps like poor nutrition, illiteracy, lack of access to health care, and others and presents eight keys to escaping these traps. Smith gives readers the tools they need to help people overcome poverty and to determine what approaches are most effective in fighting it. For example, celebrities in commercials who encourage viewers to "adopt" a poor child really seem to care, but will sending money to these organizations do the most good? Smith explains how to make an informed decision. Grass-roots programs and organizations are helping people gain the capabilities they need to escape from poverty and this book highlights many of the most promising of these strategies in some of the poorest countries in the world, explaining what they do and what makes them effective.

Poverty in John Steinbeck's The Pearl

Download Poverty in John Steinbeck's The Pearl PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Greenhaven Publishing LLC
ISBN 13 : 0737758082
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (377 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Poverty in John Steinbeck's The Pearl by : Louise Hawker

Download or read book Poverty in John Steinbeck's The Pearl written by Louise Hawker and published by Greenhaven Publishing LLC. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This informative volume examines John Steinbeck's life and work, with a specific look at key ideas related to The Pearl. The book discusses a variety of topics, including whether Kino chooses enslavement to wealth in order to escape poverty, and whether the townspeople have a parasitic relationship with the poor. The book also explores contemporary perspectives on poverty, such as the changing views of the term "culture of poverty" and the relationship between Western materialism and spiritual depression.

Escape Poverty Mindset

Download Escape Poverty Mindset PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 : 9781096135210
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Escape Poverty Mindset by : Queen Mean Gean

Download or read book Escape Poverty Mindset written by Queen Mean Gean and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-11 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how to train your mind to have more success in your finances. Bring more abundance into your life with lessons learned from a once introverted entrepreneur who takes you on a journey through her life, and shows you how she gained confidence both personally and financially. Poverty no longer has to exist within you, it is a state of mind. This book will open your eyes to the possibility of more personal and financial growth.

The Vanishing Middle Class, new epilogue

Download The Vanishing Middle Class, new epilogue PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262535297
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Vanishing Middle Class, new epilogue by : Peter Temin

Download or read book The Vanishing Middle Class, new epilogue written by Peter Temin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the United States has developed an economy divided between rich and poor and how racism helped bring this about. The United States is becoming a nation of rich and poor, with few families in the middle. In this book, MIT economist Peter Temin offers an illuminating way to look at the vanishing middle class. Temin argues that American history and politics, particularly slavery and its aftermath, play an important part in the widening gap between rich and poor. Temin employs a well-known, simple model of a dual economy to examine the dynamics of the rich/poor divide in America, and outlines ways to work toward greater equality so that America will no longer have one economy for the rich and one for the poor. Many poorer Americans live in conditions resembling those of a developing country—substandard education, dilapidated housing, and few stable employment opportunities. And although almost half of black Americans are poor, most poor people are not black. Conservative white politicians still appeal to the racism of poor white voters to get support for policies that harm low-income people as a whole, casting recipients of social programs as the Other—black, Latino, not like "us." Politicians also use mass incarceration as a tool to keep black and Latino Americans from participating fully in society. Money goes to a vast entrenched prison system rather than to education. In the dual justice system, the rich pay fines and the poor go to jail.

Escaping Poverty

Download Escaping Poverty PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Calvin Morris
ISBN 13 : 9781733923217
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Escaping Poverty by : Calvin Morris

Download or read book Escaping Poverty written by Calvin Morris and published by Calvin Morris. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To be trapped in poverty is to be trapped in something that you never chose to be in, so it's understandable why so many people are desperate to escape. In this step-by-step guide to escaping poverty, Calvin Morris explains why the four categories may be the only way out. The difference between those who escape and those who don't, may have little to do with how smart they are and more to do with how well they understand the four categories. In this well thought out book, the path to freedom reveals itself to those who truly want to escape. As Morris combines his own experience with the experience of over a hundred other highly successful people -- people who were interviewed for this book, he gives the world a truly workable strategy for escaping poverty. The prison that seems inescapable can be escaped by first learning the principles in this book, then by using those principles to free yourself from the devices that are holding you back. In his own thought-provoking way, Morris introduces the world to what he considers to be the fastest way to break free. His informative and engaging text provides what he argues is a clear advantage to those who want to escape poverty. Some of the topics include: Believing in Yourself Getting the Job You Need Handling Money Making Good Decisions Good and Bad Relationships Taking Advice From Others Staying the Course Avoiding Mistakes Escaping Poverty: The Four Categories is a powerful, life changing book that should be passed on for generations to come. This book is a must read for you if you haven't quite figured out how to distance yourself from poverty. If you have friends, kids, relatives, or co-workers who feel trapped in poverty, then giving them this book might be the deed that breaks them free.

The Working Poor

Download The Working Poor PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307493407
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Working Poor by : David K. Shipler

Download or read book The Working Poor written by David K. Shipler and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2008-11-12 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATIONAL BESTSELLER • From the author of the Pulitzer Prize–winning Arab and Jew, an intimate portrait unfolds of working American families struggling against insurmountable odds to escape poverty. "This is clearly one of those seminal books that every American should read and read now." —The New York Times Book Review As David K. Shipler makes clear in this powerful, humane study, the invisible poor are engaged in the activity most respected in American ideology—hard, honest work. But their version of the American Dream is a nightmare: low-paying, dead-end jobs; the profound failure of government to improve upon decaying housing, health care, and education; the failure of families to break the patterns of child abuse and substance abuse. Shipler exposes the interlocking problems by taking us into the sorrowful, infuriating, courageous lives of the poor—white and black, Asian and Latino, citizens and immigrants. We encounter them every day, for they do jobs essential to the American economy. This impassioned book not only dissects the problems, but makes pointed, informed recommendations for change. It is a book that stands to make a difference.

The Alternative: Most of What You Believe About Poverty Is Wrong

Download The Alternative: Most of What You Believe About Poverty Is Wrong PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1483472264
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (834 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Alternative: Most of What You Believe About Poverty Is Wrong by : Mauricio L. Miller

Download or read book The Alternative: Most of What You Believe About Poverty Is Wrong written by Mauricio L. Miller and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2017 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clara Miller, President of the F. B. Heron Foundation: The Alternative, is not only important reading, it's imperative. Miller, a trained engineer, the one-time manager of a top social service organization and most importantly, the son of a remarkable single mother, has both lived and observed the failings embodied in our attitudes toward the poor and, as a result, the flaws in our systems meant to help people in poverty. He merges heart and soul with system thinking to yield a prescription featuring the real math, trust relationships and courage that can change the "us and them," to "upward together" and put American families in the driver's seat to build their futures.

The Other Wes Moore

Download The Other Wes Moore PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : One World
ISBN 13 : 0385528205
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (855 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Other Wes Moore by : Wes Moore

Download or read book The Other Wes Moore written by Wes Moore and published by One World. This book was released on 2011-01-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • From the governor-elect of Maryland, the “compassionate” (People), “startling” (Baltimore Sun), “moving” (Chicago Tribune) true story of two kids with the same name from the city: One went on to be a Rhodes Scholar, decorated combat veteran, White House Fellow, and business leader. The other is serving a life sentence in prison. Selected by Stephen Curry as his “Underrated” Book Club Pick with Literati The chilling truth is that his story could have been mine. The tragedy is that my story could have been his. In December 2000, the Baltimore Sun ran a small piece about Wes Moore, a local student who had just received a Rhodes Scholarship. The same paper also ran a series of articles about four young men who had allegedly killed a police officer in a spectacularly botched armed robbery. The police were still hunting for two of the suspects who had gone on the lam, a pair of brothers. One was named Wes Moore. Wes just couldn’t shake off the unsettling coincidence, or the inkling that the two shared much more than space in the same newspaper. After following the story of the robbery, the manhunt, and the trial to its conclusion, he wrote a letter to the other Wes, now a convicted murderer serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole. His letter tentatively asked the questions that had been haunting him: Who are you? How did this happen? That letter led to a correspondence and relationship that have lasted for several years. Over dozens of letters and prison visits, Wes discovered that the other Wes had had a life not unlike his own: Both had had difficult childhoods, both were fatherless; they’d hung out on similar corners with similar crews, and both had run into trouble with the police. At each stage of their young lives they had come across similar moments of decision, yet their choices would lead them to astonishingly different destinies. Told in alternating dramatic narratives that take readers from heart-wrenching losses to moments of surprising redemption, The Other Wes Moore tells the story of a generation of boys trying to find their way in a hostile world.