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Epidemiology And Public Health Significance Of Bovine Tuberculosis
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Book Synopsis Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis by : Fanta Desissa Gutema
Download or read book Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis written by Fanta Desissa Gutema and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-12 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine tuberculosis is zoonotic, chronic infectious disease of cattle caused by intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium bovis characterized by progressive granulomatous lesions or tubercle in the lung tissues, lymph nodes and other organs. The disease has both economic and public healthy importance. The book contains introduction, literature review and case study. The introduction describes cause, source of infection, prevalence, public health importance and economic impact of Bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopia. The literature review intended to provide an in depth information on the etiology, pathogenesis, mode of transmission, potential risk factors, geographical distribution, diagnostic modalities, prevention and control measures of Bovine tuberculosis both in animals and humans separately. Case study on assessment of the epidemiology and public health importance of Bovine Tuberculosis using comparative intradermal tuberculin test, post-mortem examinations, bacteriological analysis, molecular typing and questionnaire survey was included. The authors hoped the book would provide information on the epidemiology and public health significance of bovine tuberculosis to all stakeholders.
Book Synopsis Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon by : Julius Awah Ndukum
Download or read book Epidemiology and Public Health Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon written by Julius Awah Ndukum and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious neglected zoonosis of cattle that is prevalent but under-investigated in Cameroon, hence this study was designed to assess the epidemiology of bovine TB in cattle, risks for M. bovis infection in cattle and humans; and public health implications of zoonotic bovine TB in the highlands of Cameroon. A retrospective study of meat inspection records (1994 - 2010) was done to estimate the prevalence of TB lesions in slaughtered cattle in the North West region. The prevalence of bovine TB and anti-bovine TB antibodies in live cattle based on tuberculin skin tests (2 surveys) and immune-chromatographic assays respectively were carried out in the Western and Adamawa highlands of Cameroon. The performance of the tuberculin tests for bovine TB diagnosis in cattle using various tuberculin skin test cut-off points against the detection of anti- bovine TB antibodies (hypothesised risks of exposure) was compared. Suspected TB lesions from slaughtered cattle and infected human sputa were cultured on Lowentein - Jesen and Middlebrook 7H9 media to isolate mycobacteria agents for molecular genotyping using genomic deletion analysis and spoligotyping. Risk factors for exposure and transmission of zoonotic bovine TB infection of cattle and cattle professionals, and its public health significance were determined using structured questionnaires. Seventeen years of meat inspection record revealed that suspect TB lesions were identified in 599 of 129,165 slaughtered cattle at the Bamenda abattoir. The lungs and associated lymph nodes (over 60%) were the most affected tissues. Other results showed that the prevalence of anti-bovine TB antibodies in cattle in the study regions was 37.17%. Chi square statistics revealed that irrespective of the tuberculin test cut-off value (P48), strong associations existed between the detection of anti-bovine TB antibodies and disease status. A 95% confidence interval analysis of the comparative cervical tuberculin tests revealed that the prevalence rates were 4.67% - 7.15%,12.02% -15.67% and 20.56% - 24.98% at the ~ 4mm, ~ 3mm and ~ 2mm cut-off points, respectively. Overall, the best test performance was realised at ~ 3-mm, though the ~ 2-mm cut-off point predicted more positive reactors. Age, sex, breed and husbandry practices served as significant (P
Book Synopsis Bovine Tuberculosis – International Perspectives on Epidemiology and Management by : Andrew W. Byrne
Download or read book Bovine Tuberculosis – International Perspectives on Epidemiology and Management written by Andrew W. Byrne and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a significant zoonotic pathogen with a global distribution, and a considerable economic impact. It has a notoriously complex epidemiology, varying by affected region and often involving multiple-host species. Here we present an international collection of papers that address both national and international factors impacting on the control of bovine tuberculosis. We hope this Research Topic will provide a forum which may generate a greater understanding of the disease in a wider context, and inform future eradication efforts through the design of more effective interventions.
Book Synopsis Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective by : Asseged B. Dibaba
Download or read book Tuberculosis in Animals: An African Perspective written by Asseged B. Dibaba and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book recounts the biology of M. bovis, followed by the status of bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in African countries, primarily based on zoonotic and epidemiological field reports. Since the accumulation of data is valueless unless it led to practicable control measures, emphasis is put on locally adapted protocols for future control of the disease. In order to systematically evaluate the knowledge base of bTB, Epidemiologic Problem Oriented Approach (EPOA) methodology was used. The methodology is composed of two triads: i) the problem identification/characterization triad, which is mainly descriptive in nature, and ii) the problem management/solution/mitigation triad, which is mainly geared toward problem management/solution (see figure). The first triad comprises three pillars: i) agent ii) host, and iii) environment and the second one: i) therapeutics/treatment, ii) prevention/control, and iii) health maintenance/promotion. The two triads are linked together by the diagnostic procedure linkage. The systematic and detailed studies of the ‘Host-Agent-Environment’ interactions are the building blocks to the understanding of agent transmission pathways and disease spread. These may include data about the disease status of the country, the nature of the disease agent and its hosts, the modes of transmission, the wildlife reservoirs in nature, persistence of infection, and agent survival in animal products and the environment. The problem identification and characterization triad identifies these interactions. Once a problem has been identified and well understood, the next step is to minimize the risk of transmission and spread of a disease. This area, referred to as problem solution/management triad, consists of problem management alternatives that rely upon prevention/control, and health maintenance/promotion of the disease in livestock, wildlife, and humans with the emphasis on resource-poor, developing countries in Africa.
Book Synopsis Zoonotic Tuberculosis by : Charles O. Thoen
Download or read book Zoonotic Tuberculosis written by Charles O. Thoen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria, Third Edition is a comprehensive review of the state of the art in the control and elimination of infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in animals and humans. This update to the most complete and current reference available on Mycobacterium bovis includes new coverage of the latest molecular techniques; more information on human infection and One Health; updates to the information on the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUATLD), the World Health Organization (WHO), Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Tuberculosis Eradication Program; and coverage of additional African countries. The Third Edition upholds the book’s reputation as a truly global resource on M. bovis. Written by an international list of tuberculosis experts, chapters cover the status of tuberculosis in many regions throughout the world and deal with issues related to the detection, spread, and control of Mycobacterium bovis, as well as the economic impact of outbreaks. Zoonotic Tuberculosis: Mycobacterium bovis and Other Pathogenic Mycobacteria offers valuable information for public health officials, medical doctors, state and federal regulatory veterinarians, veterinary practitioners, and animal caretakers.
Book Synopsis Epidemiology and Public Health Importance of BTB Mekelle City by : Fikre Zeru
Download or read book Epidemiology and Public Health Importance of BTB Mekelle City written by Fikre Zeru and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's human health records, Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most infectious zoonotic diseases. It is widely distributed, and remained as a notable drive for the death of millions of people throughout the world than any other bacterial disease ever today. Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB), caused by Mycobacterium Bovis, is a well-known zoonotic and economically important disease which represents a serious health threat for livestock, wildlife and humans. BTB aggravates the 'triple trouble' of HIV/AIDS and TB infection and malnutrition. More specifically, in Ethiopia, even if the extent of its transmission to human beings has been given less attention and not yet been well researched, this scientific work has plausibly found out that the significant arise in the incidence of extra-pulmonary TB, the high prevalence of TB in cattle, isolation of M. tuberculosis complex from animal tissue and milk, the lower awareness of cattle owners about the disease, close contact of cattle and human, the prevailing habit of consumption of raw milk and meat of the community, and increasing HIV epidemics suggests that the impact of M. bovis on human TB could be significant.
Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) by : King K. Holmes
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 6) written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Book Synopsis Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Animals and Humans by : Charles O. Thoen
Download or read book Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Animals and Humans written by Charles O. Thoen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by tuberculosis specialists from around the world, Mycobacterium Bovis Infection in Animals and Humans, Second Edition remains the most comprehensive collection of timely information regarding Mycobacterium bovis in any single source. The chapters are organized for quick access to well-indexed topics, and extensive reference lists are included to aid infectious disease specialists, regulatory officials, diagnosticians, researchers or public health workers interested in M bovis. This international reference includes the most current information on mechanisms of virulence of tubercle bacilli and immunologic and biochemical responses of the host involved in resistance. The book includes information on the diagnosis and application of the latest molecular techniques in epidemiologic investigations. Included are chapters on the economic impact of outbreaks of M. bovis in alternate species on control programs in domestic animals. There are also contributions by representatives of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, PAHO of the World Health Organization, The Centers for Disease Control, and The University of Texas Health Center. This excellent reference is an invaluable aid to clinicians dealing directly with tuberculosis, as well as to government regulatory personnel, professional and graduate students, and instructors in basic and allied health sciences
Book Synopsis A Guide to Condition Scoring of Zebu Cattle by : M. J. Nicholson
Download or read book A Guide to Condition Scoring of Zebu Cattle written by M. J. Nicholson and published by ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). This book was released on 1986-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Northern Ecuador by : Freddy Proano-Perez
Download or read book Epidemiology of Bovine Tuberculosis in Northern Ecuador written by Freddy Proano-Perez and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Ecuador, as in other Latin American countries, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a major concern in the dairy cattle industry, with economic and public health importance. The increase of peri-urban dairy production associated with the absence of BTB control program in Ecuador are major risk factors in the context of tuberculosis. Furthermore, official data related to the disease are scarce and there is no national veterinary reference laboratory for mycobacteria in Ecuador. The present work was undertaken in this context. The main objectives were to provide data on the epidemiologic situation of BTB among dairy cattle in northern Ecuador, and to compare the performances of the standard diagnostic tools used to identify M. bovis. The data presented confirm the importance of BTB in dairy cattle in northern Ecuador and highlight the need for a national BTB control program. Ideally, this program should include (1) a reference laboratory for BTB and the training of qualified veterinarians; (2) mandatory skin testing and culling of reactors; (3) detailed post-mortem inspection with laboratory-based diagnosis with a trace-back system and (4) information campaigns in rural areas.
Book Synopsis Molecular Epidemiology Study of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex by : Yogendra Shah
Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology Study of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex written by Yogendra Shah and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-15 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by the infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), is a major global public health problem that infects one third of the world’s population. This book provides an overview of the molecular epidemiology pattern, transmission dynamics, host response, evolution, and pathogenesis mechanisms of TB. Chapters explore such topics as mechanisms associated with increasing trends of drug-resistant TB, the development of anti-mycobacterial drugs, genotyping tools, diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection, and more.
Book Synopsis Bovine Tuberculosis by : Stephen B. Gordon
Download or read book Bovine Tuberculosis written by Stephen B. Gordon and published by Cabi. This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Epidemiology and economics (5 v.) by :
Download or read book Epidemiology and economics (5 v.) written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251312362 Total Pages :166 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Taking a Multisectoral One Health Approach : A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Taking a Multisectoral One Health Approach : A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018 FAO-OIE-WHO (Tripartite) zoonoses guide, “Taking A Multisectoral, One Health Approach: A Tripartite Guide to Addressing Zoonotic Diseases in Countries” (2018 TZG) is being jointly developed to provide member countries with practical guidance on OH approaches to build national mechanisms for multisectoral coordination, communication, and collaboration to address zoonotic disease threats at the animal-human-environment interface. The 2018 TZG updates and expands on the guidance in the one previous jointly-developed, zoonoses-specific guidance document: the 2008 Tripartite “Zoonotic Diseases: A Guide to Establishing Collaboration between Animal and Human Health Sectors at the Country Level”, developed in WHO South-East Asia Region and Western Pacific Region. The 2018 TZG supports building by countries of the resilience and capacity to address emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases such as avian influenza, rabies, Ebola, and Rift Valley fever, as well as food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, and to minimize their impacts on health, livelihoods, and economies. It additionally supports country efforts to implement WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and OIE international standards, to address gaps identified through external and internal health system evaluations, and to achieve targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. The 2018 TZG provides relevant country ministries and agencies with lessons learned and good practices identified from country-level experiences in taking OH approaches for preparedness, prevention, detection and response to zoonotic disease threats, and provides guidance on multisectoral communication, coordination, and collaboration. It informs on regional and country-level OH activities and relevant unisectoral and multisectoral tools available for countries to use.
Book Synopsis Diseases of The Goat by : John G. Matthews
Download or read book Diseases of The Goat written by John G. Matthews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases of the Goat, 4th Edition, is a revised and updated edition of the popular tool for veterinarians featuring of all aspects of goat medicine—from initial assessment and examination to diagnosis, treatment, and control of conditions. This highly practical, concise handbook is designed for frequent reference, and is suitable for all those treating and keeping goats. Provides information on to predators, euthanasia, post-mortem technique, and fracture repair Includes expanded coverage of a number of topics to appeal to a wider and more international audience especially in relation to poisonous plants Incorporates the impact of new developments in goat diseases, such as the geographical spread of exotic diseases into new regions
Book Synopsis The Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Cattle and Humans Living in the Wildlife-livestock-human Interface in the Rural Mnisi Community, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa by : Jolly Musoke
Download or read book The Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Cattle and Humans Living in the Wildlife-livestock-human Interface in the Rural Mnisi Community, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa written by Jolly Musoke and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and epidemiological significance of tuberculosis (TB) in bovine and humans living at a wildlife/livestock/human interface, as well as the risk factors associated with TB transmission at that interface. The Mnisi community was chosen as it is located at the western border of the Kruger National park (KNP) and enables research at the wildlife/livestock/human interface. The first objective of the study entailed investigating the presence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in 10% of Mnisi?s livestock, using the comparative intradermal skin test. A low individual prevalence of 0.33 % (95% CI.0.14 ? -0.79) was detected. Further investigations into the causative agent in livestock, using genotyping techniques identified the KNP parental strain, M. bovis KNP VNTR -1 strain.1 Supporting records from the provisional Mpumalanga Veterinary Services and the physical location of dip-tanks where BTB was detected, it was established the infection was a result of spillback infection from wildlife in the neighbouring KNP. The epidemiological significance of BTB in human TB was investigated through the isolation and genetic characterisation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strain population in the Mnisi community. Mycobacterium bovis was not detected in the human population. However, a high genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis was observed among the 13 isolates obtained.The M. tuberculosis isolates were identified as the following eight families: T; Beijing; LAM 11_ZWE; EAI5; MANU1; X1; X2; and S families. The predominant lineage was as T family, sub-lineage ST53. Based on the high diversity (8 clusters/13isolates) and the predominance of the T family, it was concluded that the TB population structure within the Mnisi community was largely impacted by human migration from urban towns and neighbouring Mozambique. A questionnaire was administered to investigate BTB transmission risk factors at the livestock/human interface. It was established that there were low risk levels of BTB transmission at the human/livestock interface mainly based on the fact that the majority of the households in the community obtained pasteurised milk commercially, and although undercooked/raw meat and organs were preferred, the majority of respondents reported that they discarded the meat if changes in meat quality were observed.
Book Synopsis One Health, 2nd Edition by : Jakob Zinsstag
Download or read book One Health, 2nd Edition written by Jakob Zinsstag and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One Health, the concept of combined veterinary and human health, has now expanded beyond emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses to incorporate a wider suite of health issues. Retaining its interdisciplinary focus which combines theory with practice, this new edition illustrates the contribution of One Health collaborations to real-world issues such as sanitation, economics, food security and vaccination programmes. It includes more non-infectious disease issues and climate change discussion alongside revised case studies and expanded methodology chapters to draw out implications for practice. Promoting an action-based, solutions-oriented approach, One Health: The Theory and Practice of Integrated Health Approaches highlights the lessons learned for both human and animal health professionals and students.
