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Ensuring That Polluters Pay
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Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ltaly's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes was well above the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 3.28% of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 2.65% of GDP, also higher than the EU average of 1.84%. Transport taxes represented 0.6% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.03% (lower than the EU average at 0.08%). ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 7.71 % of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (higher than the EU average of 5.76 %). ltaly has several economic instruments in place, e.g. a landfill tax and an integrated water service tax.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austria's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes remains close to the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.3 % of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.42% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.86% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.2%. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 5.34 % of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (slightly below the EU average of 5.76 %).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spain's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes was below the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 1.77 % of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.46% of GDP, also lower than the EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.24% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.08 % (at the EU average of 0.08%). In the same year, the environmental tax came to 5 % of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (almost mirroring the EU average of 5.76 %).1 Spain has several economic instruments in place. A very interesting scheme for payment for ecosystem services exists in Catalonia. It is described below. There is also an effective landfill and incineration municipal waste charge.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germany's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes is among the lowest in the EU. Environmental taxes stood at 1.77 0/o of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.74% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.310/o of GDP (EU average being 0.45%). Germany has no taxes on pollution and resources, but there are other economic instruments used to encourage recycling, like PAYT. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 4.25 0/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (well below the EU average of 5.76 %).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This factsheet captures some examples of polluter pays taxes, charges and fees in place in the EU. See the EU polluter pays Member State factsheets for more examples of other polluter pays instruments in each Member State.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: France's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes remains close to the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.32 % of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.94% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.26% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented 0.12%. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 4.89 % of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hungary's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes remains close to the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.26% of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.72% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.310/o of GDP (below the EU average of 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented 0.23% (above the EU average of 0.08%). ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 6.18% of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (slightly above the EU average of 5.76 %). Hungary currently has several environmental economic instruments in place, including an air pollution fee and a water abstraction charge.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revenue from environmentally relevant taxes in the Netherlands was above the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 3.39% of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.95% of GDP, also above the EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 1.01 % of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented 0.43% (the highest in the EU and 5 times higher than the EU average at 0.08%). ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 8.51 % of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greece's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes was above the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 3.86 0/o of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). This was largely made up of energy taxes at 3.04 0/o of GDP, among the highest proportion in the EU (the average is 1.84 %). Transport taxes represented 0.82% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), there were no taxes on pollution and resources (EU average is 0.08%). ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 9.22 0/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (much higher than the EU average of 5.76 %).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sweden's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes is below the average in the EU. Environmental taxes stood at 2.060/o of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 0/o). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.560/o of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 0/o. Transport taxes represented 0.450/o of GDP (exactly at EU average), and taxes on pollution and resources were at 0.050/o which is below the EU average of 0.080/o. In the same year, the environmental tax came to 4.710/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (below the EU average of 5.76%).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Denmark's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes is higher than the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 3.27% of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.69% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes constituted a relatively high proportion of 1.42% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), while taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.16%. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 6.98% of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belgium's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes was above the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.64 0/o of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.88% of GDP, similar to the EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.64% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.110/o (slightly higher than the EU average at 0.08%). ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 5.74 0/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (mirroring the EU average of 5.76 %).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finland's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes is slightly above the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.8 % of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.92% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.86% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.02%. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 6.62% of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions [...].
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portugal's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes remains close to the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.54% of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.84% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.67% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented 0.03%. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 6.89% of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (well above the EU average of 5.76 %).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poland's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes is slightly higher than the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.64 0/o of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). This is due to a relatively high proportion of energy taxes, at 2.31 0/o of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented only 0.22 0/o of GDP (EU average being 0.45 %). However, taxes on pollution and resource represented 0.11 0/o which is slightly above the EU average of 0.08 %. ln the same year, the environmental tax amounted to 7.33 0/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (substantially above the EU average of 5.76%).
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Romania's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes are lower than average in the EU. Environmental taxes stood at 2.12% of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.98% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84%. Transport taxes represented 0.104% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%). ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 7.910/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (well above the EU average of 5.76%). Romania has no taxes on pollution and resources, but another economic instrument has been introduced to encourage recycling, which is a deposit-refund scheme.
Download or read book Ensuring that Polluters Pay written by and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithuania's revenue from environmentally relevant taxes remains close to the EU average. Environmental taxes stood at 2.3 0/o of GDP in 2019 (EU-27 average: 2.37 %). The largest portion of the environmental taxes were the energy taxes at 1.42% of GDP, against an EU average of 1.84 %. Transport taxes represented 0.86% of GDP (EU average being 0.45%), taxes on pollution and resources represented only 0.2%. ln the same year, the environmental tax came to 5.34 0/o of total revenues from taxes and social security contributions (slightly below the EU average of 5.76%).
