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Enlightenment And Utility
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Book Synopsis Enlightenment and Utility by : Emmanuelle de Champs
Download or read book Enlightenment and Utility written by Emmanuelle de Champs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major new study of Jeremy Bentham's engagement with contemporary French culture, from the Enlightenment through to the post-Revolutionary era.
Book Synopsis Enlightenment and Utility by : Emmanuelle de Champs
Download or read book Enlightenment and Utility written by Emmanuelle de Champs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jeremy Bentham, the founder of classical utilitarianism, was a seminal figure in the history of modern political thought. This lively monograph presents the numerous French connections of an emblematic British thinker. Perhaps more than any other intellectual of his time, Bentham engaged with contemporary events and people in France, even writing in French in the 1780s. Placing Bentham's thought in the context of the French-language Enlightenment through to the post-Revolutionary era, Emmanuelle de Champs makes the case for a historical study of 'Global Bentham'. Examining previously unpublished sources, she traces the circulation of Bentham's letters, friends, manuscripts, and books in the French-speaking world. This study in transnational intellectual history reveals how utilitarianism, as a doctrine, was both the product of, and a contribution to, French-language political thought at a key time in European history. The debates surrounding utilitarianism in France cast new light on the making of modern Liberalism.
Book Synopsis Utilitarianism in the Age of Enlightenment by : Niall O'Flaherty
Download or read book Utilitarianism in the Age of Enlightenment written by Niall O'Flaherty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies the influential tradition of 'theological utilitarianism' in the eighteenth century through the lens of William Paley's life and thought.
Book Synopsis Women and utility in Enlightenment science by : Lisbet Koerner
Download or read book Women and utility in Enlightenment science written by Lisbet Koerner and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Artisanal Enlightenment by : Paola Bertucci
Download or read book Artisanal Enlightenment written by Paola Bertucci and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking work that places the mechanical arts and the world of making at the heart of the Enlightenment What would the Enlightenment look like from the perspective of artistes, the learned artisans with esprit, who presented themselves in contrast to philosophers, savants, and routine-bound craftsmen? Making a radical change of historical protagonists, Paola Bertucci places the mechanical arts and the world of making at the heart of the Enlightenment. At a time of great colonial, commercial, and imperial concerns, artistes planned encyclopedic projects and sought an official role in the administration of the French state. The Société des Arts, which they envisioned as a state institution that would foster France’s colonial and economic expansion, was the most ambitious expression of their collective aspirations. Artisanal Enlightenment provides the first in-depth study of the Société, and demonstrates its legacy in scientific programs, academies, and the making of Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopédie. Through insightful analysis of textual, visual, and material sources, Bertucci provides a groundbreaking perspective on the politics of writing on the mechanical arts and the development of key Enlightenment concepts such as improvement, utility, and progress.
Book Synopsis Happiness and Utility by : Georgios Varouxakis
Download or read book Happiness and Utility written by Georgios Varouxakis and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2019-07-29 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Happiness and Utility brings together experts on utilitarianism to explore the concept of happiness within the utilitarian tradition, situating it in earlier eighteenth-century thinkers and working through some of its developments at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries. Drawing on a range of philosophical and historical approaches to the study of the central idea of utilitarianism, the chapters provide a rich set of insights into a founding component of ethics and modern political and economic thought, as well as political and economic practice. In doing so, the chapters examine the multiple dimensions of utilitarianism and the contested interpretations of this standard for judgement in morality and public policy.
Book Synopsis Androids in the Enlightenment by : Adelheid Voskuhl
Download or read book Androids in the Enlightenment written by Adelheid Voskuhl and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eighteenth century saw the creation of a number of remarkable mechanical androids: at least ten prominent automata were built between 1735 and 1810 by clockmakers, court mechanics, and other artisans from France, Switzerland, Austria, and the German lands. Designed to perform sophisticated activities such as writing, drawing, or music making, these “Enlightenment automata” have attracted continuous critical attention from the time they were made to the present, often as harbingers of the modern industrial age, an era during which human bodies and souls supposedly became mechanized. In Androids in the Enlightenment, Adelheid Voskuhl investigates two such automata—both depicting piano-playing women. These automata not only play music, but also move their heads, eyes, and torsos to mimic a sentimental body technique of the eighteenth century: musicians were expected to generate sentiments in themselves while playing, then communicate them to the audience through bodily motions. Voskuhl argues, contrary to much of the subsequent scholarly conversation, that these automata were unique masterpieces that illustrated the sentimental culture of a civil society rather than expressions of anxiety about the mechanization of humans by industrial technology. She demonstrates that only in a later age of industrial factory production did mechanical androids instill the fear that modern selves and societies had become indistinguishable from machines.
Book Synopsis Modern Enlightenment and the Rule of Reason by : John C. McCarthy
Download or read book Modern Enlightenment and the Rule of Reason written by John C. McCarthy and published by CUA Press. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intro -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1. Alan Charles Kors / Just and Arbitrary Authority in Enlightenment Thought -- 2. Richard Kennington / Bacon's Reform of Nature -- 3. Pamela Kraus / Method and Metaphysics: The Foundation of Philosophy in the Discourse on Method -- 4. Robert P. Kraynak / Hobbes and the Dogmatism of the Enlightenment -- 5. John C. Mccarthy / Pascal on Certainty and Utility -- 6. Paul J. Bagley / Spinoza, Biblical Criticism, and the Enlightenment -- 7. Philippe Raynaud / Leibniz, Reason -- and Evil -- 8. F.J. Crosson / Hume's Unnatural Religion (Some Humean Footnotes) -- 9. Terence E. Marshall / Poetry and Praxis in Rousseau's Emile: Human Rights and the Sentiment of Humanity -- 10. Kenneth L. Schmitz / Lessing at God's Left Hand -- 11. John R. Silber / Kant and the Mythic Roots of Morality -- 12. Nicholas Capaldi / The Enlightenment Project in Twentieth-Century Philosophy -- Contributors -- Bibliography -- Index
Book Synopsis Bedlam in the New World by : Christina Ramos
Download or read book Bedlam in the New World written by Christina Ramos and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rebellious Indian proclaiming noble ancestry and entitlement, a military lieutenant foreshadowing the coming of revolution, a blasphemous Creole embroiderer in possession of a bundle of sketches brimming with pornography. All shared one thing in common. During the late eighteenth century, they were deemed to be mad and forcefully admitted to the Hospital de San Hipolito in Mexico City, the first hospital of the New World to specialize in the care and custody of the mentally disturbed. Christina Ramos reconstructs the history of this overlooked colonial hospital from its origins in 1567 to its transformation in the eighteenth century, when it began to admit a growing number of patients transferred from the Inquisition and secular criminal courts. Drawing on the poignant voices of patients, doctors, friars, and inquisitors, Ramos treats San Hipolito as both a microcosm and a colonial laboratory of the Hispanic Enlightenment—a site where traditional Catholicism and rationalist models of madness mingled in surprising ways. She shows how the emerging ideals of order, utility, rationalism, and the public good came to reshape the institutional and medical management of madness. While the history of psychiatry's beginnings has often been told as seated in Europe, Ramos proposes an alternative history of madness's medicalization that centers colonial Mexico and places religious figures, including inquisitors, at the pioneering forefront.
Download or read book Early Utilitarians written by Ken Binmore and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People who put the public good before their own self interest have been admired throughout history. But what is the public good? Sages and prophets who think they know better what is good for us than we know ourselves held sway on this subject for more than two thousand years. The world had to wait for the Enlightenment that burst upon the world in the eighteenth century for an account of the public good free from the prejudices of the privileged classes. Utilitarianism is our name for this new way of thinking about morality. Francis Hutcheson encapsulated its aims by inventing its catchphrase "The greatest happiness for the greatest number'' fifty years before Jeremy Bentham, to whom the slogan is usually attributed. But what is happiness? Why did Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill prefer to speak of utility? How did economists develop this notion? Does it really make sense to compare the utilities of different people? Bob may complain more than Alice in the dentist's chair, but is he really suffering more? Why should I put the sum of everybody's utility before my own utility? This short book asks how such questions arose from the social and political realities of the times in which the early utilitarians lived. Nobody need fear being crushed by heavy metaphysical reasoning or incomprehensible algebra when this story is told. This book argues that the answers to all the questions that the early utilitarians found so difficult are transparent when we stand upon their shoulders to look back upon their work. The problem for the early utilitarians was to free themselves from the prejudices of their time. The lesson for us is perhaps that we too need to free ourselves from the prejudices of our own time.
Book Synopsis Ends of Enlightenment by : John Bender
Download or read book Ends of Enlightenment written by John Bender and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-08 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ends of Enlightenment explores three realms of eighteenth-century European innovation that remain active in the twenty-first century: the realist novel, philosophical thought, and the physical sciences, especially human anatomy. The European Enlightenment was a state of being, a personal stance, and an orientation to the world. Ways of probing experience and knowledge in the novel and in the visual arts were interleaved with methods of experimentation in science and philosophy. This book's fresh perspective considers the novel as an art but also as a force in thinking. The critical distance afforded by a view back across the centuries allows Bender to redefine such novelists as Defoe, Fielding, Goldsmith, Godwin, and Laclos by placing them along philosophers and scientists like Newton, Locke, and Hume but also alongside engravings by Hogarth and by anatomist William Hunter. His book probes the kinship among realism, hypothesis, and scientific fact, defining in the process the rhetorical basis of public communication during the Enlightenment.
Book Synopsis The Portable Enlightenment Reader by : Various
Download or read book The Portable Enlightenment Reader written by Various and published by Penguin. This book was released on 1995-12-01 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Age of Enlightenment of the 18th century, also called the Age of Reason, was so named for an intellectual movement that shook the foundations of Western civilization. In championing radical ideas such as individual liberty and an empirical appraisal of the universe through rational inquiry and natural experience, Enlightenment philosophers in Europe and America planted the seeds for modern liberalism, cultural humanism, science and technology, and laissez-faire Capitalism This volume brings together works from this era, with more than 100 selections from a range of sources. It includes examples by Kant, Diderot, Voltaire, Newton, Rousseau, Locke, Franklin, Jefferson, Madison, and Paine that demonstrate the pervasive impact of Enlightenment views on philosophy and epistemology as well as on political, social, and economic institutions.
Book Synopsis God in the Enlightenment by : William J. Bulman
Download or read book God in the Enlightenment written by William J. Bulman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have long been taught that the Enlightenment was an attempt to free the world from the clutches of Christian civilization and make it safe for philosophy. The lesson has been well learned. In today's culture wars, both liberals and their conservative enemies, inside and outside the academy, rest their claims about the present on the notion that the Enlightenment was a secularist movement of philosophically driven emancipation. Historians have had doubts about the accuracy of this portrait for some time, but they have never managed to furnish a viable alternative to it-for themselves, for scholars interested in matters of church and state, or for the public at large. In this book, William J. Bulman and Robert G. Ingram bring together recent scholarship from distinguished experts in history, theology, and literature to make clear that God not only survived the Enlightenment but thrived within it as well. The Enlightenment was not a radical break from the past in which Europeans jettisoned their intellectual and institutional inheritance. It was, to be sure, a moment of great change, but one in which the characteristic convictions and traditions of the Renaissance and Reformation were perpetuated to the point of transformation, in the wake of the Wars of Religion and during the early phases of globalization. The Enlightenment's primary imperatives were not freedom and irreligion but peace and prosperity. As a result, Enlightenment could be Christian, communitarian, or authoritarian as easily as it could be atheistic, individualistic, or libertarian. Honing in on the intellectual crisis of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries while moving from Spinoza to Kant and from India to Peru, God in the Enlightenment takes a prism to the age of lights.
Book Synopsis The Enlightenment Quest and the Art of Happiness by : John Maxwell Taylor
Download or read book The Enlightenment Quest and the Art of Happiness written by John Maxwell Taylor and published by North Atlantic Books. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Award-winning actor and playwright John Maxwell Taylor builds on the success of his previous book, The Power of I Am, in this eloquent call to awaken from our collective trance and to claim the transformative power and happiness that is our birthright. Drawing on his forty years’ experience in spiritual self-transformation, Taylor offers a potent array of practical tools, stories, and life lessons that help us reorder the events in our lives, the way people respond to us, and the impact we have on the world. The Enlightenment Quest and the Art of Happiness shows us how to master ourselves so that we can harness the energy of higher power to surmount the chaos of the modern world and provides strategies for “sociological aikido” that allow us to deal effectively with negative people, narcissists, and egotists. Informed by Taylor’s incredibly varied background—from European pop star, to student of Paramahansa Yogananda, Gurdjieff, and Mantak Chia, to resident at the pioneering Findhorn Community, to playing Carl Jung on stage for many years—this book demonstrates how, by understanding the powers active in creation, we can become instruments through which higher power continually flows to advance our evolution toward consciousness. In doing so, we not only transform ourselves, we become powerful agents for changing the world. Readers learn how to: • Deal with negative people and egotists • Use higher power to redirect the world around one to one's own advantage • Stay sane in an insane world by understanding true spiritual psychology • See the world as it is instead of spiritually daydreaming that "things are going to get better" • Move beyond conspiracy theories and conspire instead to create a united world of consciousness • Gain fresh insights into the work of Campbell, Jung, Paramahansa Yogananda, Gurdjieff, and others • Apply the Findhorn principles of miraculous manifestation as practiced by the author since 1973
Book Synopsis Power, Pleasure, and Profit by : David Wootton
Download or read book Power, Pleasure, and Profit written by David Wootton and published by Belknap Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative history of the changing values that have given rise to our present discontents. We pursue power, pleasure, and profit. We want as much as we can get, and we deploy instrumental reasoning—cost-benefit analysis—to get it. We judge ourselves and others by how well we succeed. It is a way of life and thought that seems natural, inevitable, and inescapable. As David Wootton shows, it is anything but. In Power, Pleasure, and Profit, he traces an intellectual and cultural revolution that replaced the older systems of Aristotelian ethics and Christian morality with the iron cage of instrumental reasoning that now gives shape and purpose to our lives. Wootton guides us through four centuries of Western thought—from Machiavelli to Madison—to show how new ideas about politics, ethics, and economics stepped into a gap opened up by religious conflict and the Scientific Revolution. As ideas about godliness and Aristotelian virtue faded, theories about the rational pursuit of power, pleasure, and profit moved to the fore in the work of writers both obscure and as famous as Hobbes, Locke, and Adam Smith. The new instrumental reasoning cut through old codes of status and rank, enabling the emergence of movements for liberty and equality. But it also helped to create a world in which virtue, honor, shame, and guilt count for almost nothing, and what matters is success. Is our world better for the rise of instrumental reasoning? To answer that question, Wootton writes, we must first recognize that we live in its grip.
Book Synopsis The Protestant Spirit of Utility's Connection to Republican Virtue: Engaging the Transatlantic Origins of the American Enlightenment by : James L. Martin
Download or read book The Protestant Spirit of Utility's Connection to Republican Virtue: Engaging the Transatlantic Origins of the American Enlightenment written by James L. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation analyzes the ideological synthesis of a Protestant derived spirit of utility, with a later less sectarian, republican virtue which took the moral and pragmatic components of the latter to formulate a model for political economy integral to the American Enlightenment. Beginning (in my first chapter) with Max Weber and Thomas Merton's careful analysis of the calculative and pragmatic systems created by the early Protestant middle class, I analyze several English/transatlantic colonial texts from the seventeenth century, written expressly to raise capital for small trading companies. These Protestant influenced early colonial texts reveal a clear complicity between the growth of transatlantic trade routes (for the accumulation of capital) and the moral concerns of the Protestant Ethic. Like the more complex advancements in such fields as science and astronomy, the colonial narratives reflects a preoccupation with a well ordered political state, specifically with regard to how England's unemployed rogues could be reformed in the New World through Protestant influenced forms of discipline. After opening up the connection between the Protestant spirit of utility and various forms of colonial exploitation, I next approach (through a brief study of the English commonwealth tradition) how late eighteenth century Americans became deeply influenced by the concept of republican virtue, while retaining such Protestant concepts as industry, frugality, and economy, essential to America's economic independence from England. Later on I consider how republican virtue and its Protestant derived "political economy" were reconceptualized by republican reformers (like Mathew Carey and Tench Coxe in the early nineteenth century) from a classical agrarian model, to one of modern factory production, allowing America to compete with England's burgeoning industrial revolution. In the fourth chapter I consider how these developments in republican industry were ideologically polyvalent and capable of transforming the labor of both factory workers, and students (as described in the various republican treatises on education I discuss) into malleable, docile bodies.
Book Synopsis Educational Philosophy in the French Enlightenment by : Natasha Gill
Download or read book Educational Philosophy in the French Enlightenment written by Natasha Gill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though Emile is still considered the central pedagogical text of the French Enlightenment, a myriad of lesser-known thinkers paved the way for Rousseau's masterpiece. Natasha Gill traces the arc of these thinkers as they sought to reveal the correlation between early childhood experiences and the success or failure of social and political relations, and set the terms for the modern debate about the influence of nature and nurture in individual growth and collective life. Gill offers a comprehensive analysis of the rich cross-fertilization between educational and philosophical thought in the French Enlightenment. She begins by showing how in Some Thoughts Concerning Education John Locke set the stage for the French debate by transposing key themes from his philosophy into an educational context. Her treatment of the abbé Claude Fleury, the rector of the University of Paris Charles Rollin, and Swiss educator Jean-Pierre de Crousaz illustrates the extent to which early Enlightenment theorists reevaluated childhood and learning methods on the basis of sensationist psychology. Etienne-Gabriel Morelly, usually studied as a marginal thinker in the history of utopian thought, is here revealed as the most important precursor to Rousseau, and the first theorist to claim education as the vehicle through which individual liberation, social harmony and political unity could be achieved. Gill concludes with an analysis of the educational-philosophical dispute between Helvétius and Rousseau, and traces the influence of pedagogical theory on the political debate surrounding the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1762.
