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Enhancing Brucellosis Vaccines Vaccine Delivery And Surveillance Diagnostrics For Elk And Bison In The Greater Yellowstone Area
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Author :United States Animal Health Association. Special Committee on Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (771 download)
Book Synopsis Enhancing Brucellosis Vaccines, Vaccine Delivery, and Surveillance Diagnostrics for Elk and Bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area by : United States Animal Health Association. Special Committee on Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area
Download or read book Enhancing Brucellosis Vaccines, Vaccine Delivery, and Surveillance Diagnostrics for Elk and Bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area written by United States Animal Health Association. Special Committee on Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Yellowstone National Park (N.P.), Brucellosis Remote Vaccination Program for Bison by :
Download or read book Yellowstone National Park (N.P.), Brucellosis Remote Vaccination Program for Bison written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area by : Norman F. Cheville
Download or read book Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area written by Norman F. Cheville and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-07-27 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brucellosis, a bacterial disease, was first noted in the Greater Yellowstone Area in 1917 and has been a chronic presence there since then. This book reviews existing scientific knowledge regarding brucellosis transmission among wildlife, particularly bison, elk, and cattle, in the Greater Yellowstone Area. It examines the mechanisms of transmission, risk of infection, and vaccination strategies. The book also assesses the actual infection rate among bison and elk and describes what is known about the prevalence of Brucella abortus among other wildlife.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309458315 Total Pages :211 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Revisiting Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Revisiting Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brucellosis is a nationally and internationally regulated disease of livestock with significant consequences for animal health, public health, and international trade. In cattle, the primary cause of brucellosis is Brucella abortus, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen that also affects wildlife, including bison and elk. As a result of the Brucellosis Eradication Program that began in 1934, most of the country is now free of bovine brucellosis. The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA), where brucellosis is endemic in bison and elk, is the last known B. abortus reservoir in the United States. The GYA is home to more than 5,500 bison that are the genetic descendants of the original free-ranging bison herds that survived in the early 1900s, and home to more than 125,000 elk whose habitats are managed through interagency efforts, including the National Elk Refuge and 22 supplemental winter feedgrounds maintained in Wyoming. In 1998 the National Research Council (NRC) issued a report, Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area, that reviewed the scientific knowledge regarding B. abortus transmission among wildlifeâ€"particularly bison and elkâ€"and cattle in the GYA. Since the release of the 1998 report, brucellosis has re-emerged in domestic cattle and bison herds in that area. Given the scientific and technological advances in two decades since that first report, Revisiting Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area explores the factors associated with the increased transmission of brucellosis from wildlife to livestock, the recent apparent expansion of brucellosis in non-feedground elk, and the desire to have science inform the course of any future actions in addressing brucellosis in the GYA.
Book Synopsis Yellowstone’s Wildlife in Transition by : P. J. White
Download or read book Yellowstone’s Wildlife in Transition written by P. J. White and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's first national park, Yellowstone is a symbol of nature's enduring majesty and the paradigm of protected areas across the globe. But Yellowstone is constantly changing. How we understand and respond to events that are putting species under stress, say the authors of Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition, will determine the future of ecosystems that were millions of years in the making. With a foreword by the renowned naturalist E. O. Wilson, this is the most comprehensive survey of research on North America's flagship national park available today. Marshaling the expertise of over thirty contributors, Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition examines the diverse changes to the park's ecology in recent decades. Since its creation in the 1870s, the priorities governing Yellowstone have evolved, from intensive management designed to protect and propagate depleted large-bodied mammals to an approach focused on restoration and preservation of ecological processes. Recognizing the importance of natural occurrences such as fires and predation, this more ecologically informed oversight has achieved notable successes, including the recovery of threatened native species of wolves, bald eagles, and grizzly bears. Nevertheless, these experts detect worrying signs of a system under strain. They identify three overriding stressors: invasive species, private-sector development of unprotected lands, and a warming climate. Their concluding recommendations will shape the twenty-first-century discussion over how to confront these challenges, not only in American parks but for conservation areas worldwide. Highly readable and fully illustrated, Yellowstone's Wildlife in Transition will be welcomed by ecologists and nature enthusiasts alike.
Book Synopsis The USAHA Laramie Agenda by : United States Animal Health Association
Download or read book The USAHA Laramie Agenda written by United States Animal Health Association and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the results from USAHA's working symposium, held Aug. 16-18, 2005 at the University of Wyoming.
Book Synopsis Bovine Brucellosis in Elk by : E. Tom Thorne
Download or read book Bovine Brucellosis in Elk written by E. Tom Thorne and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine brucellosis is prevalent in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) of northwestern Wyoming and occurs rarely in elk of northern Yellowstone National Park and some neighboring parts of Montana. Occurrence of brucellosis in Wyoming is a consequence of supplemental winter feeding as a substitute for natural winter ranges, to control depredation, and reduce winter mortalities. Presence of the disease in elk of northern Yellowstone may reflect their association with infected bison and interchange with fed elk populations. A cooperative brucellosis eradication program has made considerable progress toward eliminating the causative organism from the United States; cattle in all three states surrounding the Greater Yellowstone Area are now free of the disease. With eradication possible in the not too distant future, wildlife populations harboring brucellosis are being placed on a bio-political collision course with the brucellolsis eradication program, state and Federal livestock industries, and western grazing practices. Extreme solutions are depopulation of elk and bison (Bison bison) within the Greater Yellowstone Area on one hand and elimination of cattle grazing from the ecosystem on the other, neither being acceptable. The Wyoming Game and Fish Department has chosen more moderate, yet effective, methods of dealing with the problem including vaccination of fed elk, attempting to reduce reliance of elk on supplemental feed through habitat improvement and acquisition, and maintaining separation between cattle and elk during high risk transmission periods. However, cooperative efforts by all involved parties throughout the Greater Yellowstone Area will be required to minimize impacts to all affected resources and interest groups.
Book Synopsis Animal Suffering by : Florence Burgat
Download or read book Animal Suffering written by Florence Burgat and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-07-19 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume deals with the most painful situations encountered by animals in the wild or under human guardianship. It seeks to illustrate some remarkable cases and present a general picture of the commodification of animals. This volume starts with an exploration of the capture of animals intended for European zoological parks, the treatment of animals in South Korea, pig farming in China and animal testing in Europe. It goes on to explore animal politics, with a focus on Europe. The moral problems posed by the different types of harm caused to animals are then approached from the vantage point of moral philosophy. Finally, the points of view of veterinary sciences and applied ethics related to animal emotions, suffering and death complete the picture.
Book Synopsis Brucellosis in Elk and Bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area by : Terry John Kreeger
Download or read book Brucellosis in Elk and Bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area written by Terry John Kreeger and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Probable Causes of Increasing Brucellosis in Free-ranging Elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem by : Paul C. Cross
Download or read book Probable Causes of Increasing Brucellosis in Free-ranging Elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem written by Paul C. Cross and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While many wildlife species are threatened, some populations have recovered from previous overexploitation, and data linking these population increases with disease dynamics are limited. We present data suggesting that free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) are a maintenance host for Brucella abortus in new areas of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Brucellosis seroprevalence in free-ranging elk increased from 0-7% in 1991-1992 to 8-20% in 2006-2007 in four of six herd units around the GYE. These levels of brucellosis are comparable to some herd units where elk are artificially aggregated on supplemental feeding grounds. There are several possible mechanisms for this increase that we evaluated using statistical and population modeling approaches. Simulations of an age-structured population model suggest that the observed levels of seroprevalence are unlikely to be sustained by dispersal from supplemental feeding areas with relatively high seroprevalence or an older age structure. Increases in brucellosis seroprevalence and the total elk population size in areas with feeding grounds have not been statistically detectable. Meanwhile, the rate of seroprevalence increase outside the feeding grounds was related to the population size and density of each herd unit. Therefore, the data suggest that enhanced elk-to-elk transmission in free-ranging populations may be occurring due to larger winter elk aggregations. Elk populations inside and outside of the GYE that traditionally did not maintain brucellosis may now be at risk due to recent population increases. In particular, some neighboring populations of Montana elk were 5-9 times larger in 2007 than in the 1970s, with some aggregations comparable to the Wyoming feeding-ground populations. Addressing the unintended consequences of these increasing populations is complicated by limited hunter access to private lands, which places many ungulate populations out of administrative control. Agency-landowner hunting access partnerships and the protection of large predators are two management strategies that may be used to target high ungulate densities in private refuges and reduce the current and future burden of disease.
Author :American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. Conference Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :192 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians ... Annual Conference by : American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. Conference
Download or read book Proceedings of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians ... Annual Conference written by American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. Conference and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brucella Vaccines in Wildlife by : Donald S. Davis
Download or read book Brucella Vaccines in Wildlife written by Donald S. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brucellosis has been known to exist in populations of wildlife since the early part of the 20th century. At the beginning of this century in the US, Brucella abortus is a problem in elk and bison in the Greater Yellowstone Area, B. suis is prevalent in millions of feral swine in most of the southern states, and caribou/reindeer in Alaska are infected with B. suis biovar 4. Brucellosis has been virtually eliminated in domestic livestock in the US after decades of expensive governmental disease prevention, control and eradication programs. Now the most likely source of transmission of brucellosis to humans, and the risk of reintroduction of brucellosis into livestock is from infected populations of free-ranging wildlife. Brucellosis was eradicated from livestock through a combination of testing, vaccination, and removal of infected animals. The use of vaccines to control brucellosis in populations of wildlife and therefore reducing the risk of transmission to humans and livestock has been proposed in several instances. This manuscript reviews research on the use of Brucella vaccines in species of wildlife with emphasis on safety and efficacy.
Book Synopsis DNA Genotyping Suggests that Recent Brucellosis Outbreaks in the Greater Yellowstone Area Originated from Elk by : Albano Beja-Pereira
Download or read book DNA Genotyping Suggests that Recent Brucellosis Outbreaks in the Greater Yellowstone Area Originated from Elk written by Albano Beja-Pereira and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying the source of infectious disease outbreaks is difficult, especially for pathogens that infect multiple wildlife species. Brucella spp. are among the most problematic zoonotic agents worldwide, and they are notoriously difficult to detect and identify. We genotyped 10 variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) DNA loci in 56 Brucella abortus isolates from bison (Bos bison), elk (Cervus elaphus), and cattle (Bos taurus) to test the wildlife species most likely to be the origin of recent outbreaks of brucellosis in cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Isolates from cattle and elk were nearly identical but highly divergent from bison isolates. These data suggest elk, not bison, are the reservoir species of origin for these cattle infections. This study illustrates the potential power of VNTR genotyping to assess the origin of disease outbreaks, which are increasing worldwide following habitat fragmentation, climate change, and expansion of human and livestock populations. -- Abstract.
Book Synopsis Brucellosis, Bison, Elk, and Cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area by : E. Tom Thorne
Download or read book Brucellosis, Bison, Elk, and Cattle in the Greater Yellowstone Area written by E. Tom Thorne and published by Falcon Guides. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Assessment and Management of Brucellosis in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Area (I) by : Mandy Kauffman
Download or read book Risk Assessment and Management of Brucellosis in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Area (I) written by Mandy Kauffman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Livestock producers and state wildlife agencies have used multiple management strategies to control bovine brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). However, spillover from elk to domestic bison and cattle herds continues to occur. Although knowledge is increasing about the location and behavior of elk in the SGYA, predicting spatiotemporal overlap between elk and cattle requires locations of livestock operations and observations of elk contact by producers. We queried all producers in a three-county area using a questionnaire designed to determine location of cattle and whether producers saw elk comingle with their animals. This information was used to parameterize a spatially-explicit risk model to estimate the number of elk expected to overlap with cattle during the brucellosis transmission risk period. Elk-cattle overlap was predicted in areas further from roads and forest boundaries in areas with wolf activity, with higher slopes, lower hunter densities, and where the cost-distance to feedgrounds was very low or very high. The model was used to estimate the expected number of years until a cattle reactor will be detected, under alternative management strategies. The model predicted cattle cases every 4.28 years in the highest risk herd unit, a higher prediction than the one case in 26 years we have observed. This difference likely indicates that ongoing management strategies are at least somewhat effective in preventing potential elk-cattle brucellosis transmission in these areas. Using this model, we can infer the expected effectiveness of various management strategies for reducing the risk of brucellosis spillover from elk to cattle.
Book Synopsis Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area by : Brant A. Schumaker
Download or read book Brucellosis in the Greater Yellowstone Area written by Brant A. Schumaker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) of the Greater Yellowstone area are the last known reservoir of bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus) in the United States. domestic cattle occasionally contract the disease while grazing in areas where infected wild ungulates have aborted their fetuses or have given birth. Cases of brucellosis in cattle trigger costly quarantine, testing, and culling procedures. Government agencies and stakeholders, therefore, allocate valuable resources to prevent wildlife-to-cattle transmission. Scientific uncertainty about the biology, epidemiology, and economics of brucellosis makes it difficult to determine the length to which society should go to control it or the combination of management activities they should use to achieve the desired level of control. Research over the last decade has generated new information about brucellosis and alternative approaches for management. Stakeholders and decision makers must syhnthesize this growing body of information and re-assess current brucellosis goals and management strategies. Economic principles provide an objective framework in which to do this.
Book Synopsis Cost-benefit Analysis of Elk Brucellosis Prevalence Reduction in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem by : Kari L. Boroff
Download or read book Cost-benefit Analysis of Elk Brucellosis Prevalence Reduction in the Southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem written by Kari L. Boroff and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent cases of bovine brucellosis in cattle and domestic bison have been traced back to free-ranging elk. This raises questions about the most cost-effective means of reducing transmission risk from infected elk to livestock. Some management activities (e.g. elk test-and-slaughter, low-density feeding at elk winter feedgrounds, elk vaccination) are implemented in an attempt to reduce seroprevalence (a marker for prevalence) in elk. Others (e.g. hazing of elk from private property, fencing haystacks, cattle vaccination) are designed to reduce the risk of cattle encountering sources of infection, or the risk of transmission during an encounter. We lack a solid understanding of which activities are most cost-effective at preventing cases of brucellosis in cattle. It is especially difficult to determine the cost-effectiveness of reducing elk seroprevalence because we typically do not understand the extent to which it translates into fewer infected cattle herds. Recently, however, a stochastic risk model was developed that estimates the current level of risk to cattle and determines the extent to which reduced seroprevalence in elk would reduce the risk of cattle contracting brucellosis (Kauffman et al., 2013). Using this risk model, I estimate the expected economic benefits of reducing seroprevalence in elk. I then calculate the cost of reducing seroprevalence in elk using various management activities. Finally, I combine these expected benefit and cost estimates to determine circumstances in which individual management activities may be economically justifiable (i.e., generate positive expected net benefit). Results indicate that primary elk management activities (i.e., strain-19 vaccination of elk, low-density feeding of elk, and test-and-slaughter of elk) yield negative expected net benefits, which range from a maximum of -$2,913 per year for low-density feeding to a minimum of -$598,163 per year for test-and-slaughter. I also develop budgets for contraception, habitat improvement, and fencing winter cattle pastures. These secondary activities, like the primary activities, will likely result in a negative net benefit. Society's risk preference will determine whether strategies that generate small negative net benefit, such as low-density feeding, are worth considering. However, activities with large negative net benefits, such as test-and-slaughter and strain 19 vaccination, are unlikely to be economically worthwhile.
