Enhanced Dynamics At The Free Surface Of A Molecular Glass Film

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Enhanced Dynamics at the Free Surface of a Molecular Glass Film

Author : Chad Daley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhanced Dynamics at the Free Surface of a Molecular Glass Film by : Chad Daley

Download or read book Enhanced Dynamics at the Free Surface of a Molecular Glass Film written by Chad Daley and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis we describe two separate experiments involving the use of gold nanoparticles. The first experiment looks at the use of gold nanoparticles as a localized heat source and the potential application as a cancer treatment. The second experiment, which is the real focus of this thesis, applies gold nanoparticles in the study of the free surface dynamics of glassy thin films. Gold nanoparticles have the ability to strongly absorb the energy in an incident laser beam and convert that energy into heat. Photothermal therapy is a proposed cancer treatment which exploits this ability to irreparably damage cancerous tissues surrounding gold nanoparticles. In the first chapter of this thesis we explain an experiment designed to probe the local temperatures achieved in such a process. Gold nanoparticles are used to stabilize the boundary of an inverse micelle system which contains an aqueous fluorescent dye solution on it's interior. A temperature dependent fluorescence intensity allows us to probe the temperature changes induced by laser irradiation. In the remainder of this thesis we describe a separate experiment involving the use of gold nanoparticles to study the free surface dynamics of thin glassy films. There is a growing body of evidence in the literature that thin polymer films in the glassy state exhibit heterogeneous dynamics; specifically that the first few nanometers from an air-polymer interface exhibit enhanced mobility relative to the interior of the film. The underlying mechanism responsible for this enhanced mobility remains elusive, however some believe it to be a direct consequence of the polymeric nature of these films. We describe in detail an experiment aimed at addressing this concern. We deposit gold nanoparticles onto the surface of a molecular (non-polymeric) glassy film and monitor their behaviour upon heating using atomic force microscopy. Our results clearly show the existence of enhanced surface mobility in the system studied and provide strong evidence that enhanced surface mobility should be expected in all glass forming systems.

Enhanced Surface Dynamics and Propagation in Molecular Glasses

Author : Yue Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhanced Surface Dynamics and Propagation in Molecular Glasses by : Yue Zhang

Download or read book Enhanced Surface Dynamics and Propagation in Molecular Glasses written by Yue Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanometer-sized thin films of small organic molecules are widely used in applications ranging from organic electronics and pharmaceuticals to coatings and nano-imprint lithography. Studies show that properties of these nanometer-sized thin films deviate strongly from their bulk counterparts, possibly due to enhanced surface dynamics and increased surface-to-volume ratio. Developing new techniques that can readily measure the surface dynamics of an organic glass can help understand such phenomena. In this thesis, I will first introduce a novel technique that uses tobacco mosaic virus as the probe particle to directly measure surface diffusion on molecular glasses. The surface diffusion is measured to be greatly enhanced compared to bulk counterpart. The surface diffusion is also investigated on ultrastable glasses and aged glasses with suppressed relaxation dynamics and ultrathin glasses with overall enhanced dynamics. The surface diffusion is found to stay fast and invariant on molecular glasses with varying bulk relaxation dynamics, suggesting that the surface diffusion is decoupled from bulk relaxation dynamics and is only a purely free surface motion. Further, I combine a morphological probe tracking the isothermal dewetting process in ultrathin molecular glasses with cooling-rate dependent glass transition temperature measurements to study the propagation length scale of the surface enhancement effect. Results show that organic glass films with thicknesses of 30 nm or less have dynamics significantly enhanced relative to bulk, induced by the free surface. Furthermore, there is a sharp glass to liquid transition observed around 30 nm, indicating long-range correlated dynamics in ultrathin molecular glasses. While these studies are important for a host of applications, they can also help elucidate the fundamentals of interfacial effects in thin film systems.

Polymer Glasses

Author : Connie B. Roth
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315305135
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Glasses by : Connie B. Roth

Download or read book Polymer Glasses written by Connie B. Roth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "the present book will be of great value for both newcomers to the field and mature active researchers by serving as a coherent and timely introduction to some of the modern approaches, ideas, results, emerging understanding, and many open questions in this fascinating field of polymer glasses, supercooled liquids, and thin films" –Kenneth S. Schweizer, Morris Professor of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (from the Foreword) This book provides a timely and comprehensive overview of molecular level insights into polymer glasses in confined geometries and under deformation. Polymer glasses have become ubiquitous to our daily life, from the polycarbonate eyeglass lenses on the end of our nose to large acrylic glass panes holding water in aquarium tanks, with advantages over glass in that they are lightweight and easy to manufacture, while remaining transparent and rigid. The contents include an introduction to the field, as well as state of the art investigations. Chapters delve into studies of commonalities across different types of glass formers (polymers, small molecules, colloids, and granular materials), which have enabled microscopic and molecular level frameworks to be developed. The authors show how glass formers are modeled across different systems, thereby leading to treatments for polymer glasses with first-principle based approaches and molecular level detail. Readers across disciplines will benefit from this topical overview summarizing the key areas of polymer glasses, alongside an introduction to the main principles and approaches.

Molecular Mobility in Deforming Polymer Glasses

Author : Nikhil Padhye
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030825590
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mobility in Deforming Polymer Glasses by : Nikhil Padhye

Download or read book Molecular Mobility in Deforming Polymer Glasses written by Nikhil Padhye and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-15 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges disparate fields in an exploration of the phenomena and applications surrounding molecular mobility in glassy materials experiencing inelastic deformation. The subjects of plastic deformation and polymer motion/interdiffusion currently belong to the two different fields of continuum mechanics and polymer physics, respectively. However, molecular motion associated with plastic deformation is a key ingredient to gain fundamental understanding, both at the macroscopic and microscopic level. This short monograph provides necessary background in the aforementioned fields before addressing the topic of molecular mobility accompanied by macroscopic inelastic deformation in an accessible and easy-to-understand manner. A new phenomenon of solid-state deformation-induced bonding in polymers is discussed in detail, along with some broad implications in several manufacturing sectors. Open questions pertaining to mechanisms, mechanics, and modeling of deformation-induced bonding in polymers are presented. The book’s clear language and careful explanations will speak to readers of diverse backgrounds.

Surface Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Crystallization of Atactic Polystyrene

Author : Yu Chai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (973 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Crystallization of Atactic Polystyrene by : Yu Chai

Download or read book Surface Dynamics, Glass Transition, and Crystallization of Atactic Polystyrene written by Yu Chai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How polymers behave near the glass transition is one of the deepest questions in condensed matter physics. In the past two decades, the surface dynamics, glass transition, and crystallization of polymer thin films have attracted much attention as they are not only scientific questions but also fundamentals of modern polymer industry. However, there are still many phenomena that are not clear, such as whether the glass transition is a real phase transition; whether there is an enhanced mobile layer near the free surface and how thick it is; whether the glass transition temperature reduction is caused by the free surface; whether some polymers cannot crystallize; etc. Here we try to gain insight into these questions. In this thesis, there are six chapters. The first chapter is introduction, in which some basic concepts and a literature review are presented. The second chapter contains the experimental details, in which the experimental techniques and data analysis methods are discussed. Chapter three, four, and five focus on three different research areas; however, these topics are related to each other. In chapter three, we conduct a novel stepped film levelling experiment to study the surface dynamics of polymer films near the glass transition temperature, in which several subtopics are involved, such as molecular weight dependent levelling, levelling under soft confinement, and ultra-thin films levelling. In chapter four, we find the direct evidence of the crystallization of atactic polystyrene, and systematically study the growth and melting kinetics of these crystals. In chapter five, the thermal expansivity of polystyrene thin films is measured using ellipsometry. These results confirm the validity of the recently proposed simple model, which connects the existence of an enhanced mobile layer near the free surface to the glass transition temperature reduction in thin films. The last chapter is concluding remarks and future work, in which a brief summary is included and some possible future studies are proposed.

Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films

Author : Toshiji Kanaya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642343392
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films by : Toshiji Kanaya

Download or read book Glass Transition, Dynamics and Heterogeneity of Polymer Thin Films written by Toshiji Kanaya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mobility Gradient of Polystyrene in Films Supported on Solid Substrates, by Yoshihisa Fujii, Hiroshi Morita, Atsushi Takahara and Keiji Tanaka Probing Properties of Polymers in Thin Films Via Dewetting, by Günter Reiter Heterogeneous and Aging Dynamics in Single and Stacked Thin Polymer Films, by Koji Fukao, Takehide Terasawa, Kenji Nakamura, Daisuke Tahara Heterogeneous Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films as Studied by Neutron Scattering, by Rintaro Inoue and Toshiji Kanaya

Dynamics in Geometrical Confinement

Author : Friedrich Kremer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319061003
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamics in Geometrical Confinement by : Friedrich Kremer

Download or read book Dynamics in Geometrical Confinement written by Friedrich Kremer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the dynamics of low molecular weight and polymeric molecules when they are constrained under conditions of geometrical confinement. It covers geometrical confinement in different dimensionalities: (i) in nanometer thin layers or self supporting films (1-dimensional confinement) (ii) in pores or tubes with nanometric diameters (2-dimensional confinement) (iii) as micelles embedded in matrices (3-dimensional) or as nanodroplets. The dynamics under such conditions have been a much discussed and central topic in the focus of intense worldwide research activities within the last two decades. The present book discusses how the resulting molecular mobility is influenced by the subtle counterbalance between surface effects (typically slowing down molecular dynamics through attractive guest/host interactions) and confinement effects (typically increasing the mobility). It also explains how these influences can be modified and tuned, e.g. through appropriate surface coatings, film thicknesses or pore diameters. "Dynamics in Confinement" sums up the present state-of-the-art and introduces to the analytical methods of choice for the study of dynamics in nanometer-scale confinement.

Environment-Enhancing Technology and Material Science Conference

Author : Zheng Qian Xuan
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 3038265705
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Environment-Enhancing Technology and Material Science Conference by : Zheng Qian Xuan

Download or read book Environment-Enhancing Technology and Material Science Conference written by Zheng Qian Xuan and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conference covers the newest knowledge and progressive trends in the field of ecology and new building materials and products. Both scientific and practical knowledge in the field of civil engineering industry and related topics are presented.

Molecular Interfacial Phenomena of Polymers and Biopolymers

Author : P Chen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
ISBN 13 : 9781855739284
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Interfacial Phenomena of Polymers and Biopolymers by : P Chen

Download or read book Molecular Interfacial Phenomena of Polymers and Biopolymers written by P Chen and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2005-07-22 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines three fundamental areas of interest to the science and engineering community, these being material science, nanotechnology and molecular engineering. Although there have been various results published in this field, there has yet to be a fully comprehensive review. This book covers key research on molecular mechanisms and thermodynamic behaviour of (bio)polymer surfaces and interfaces, from theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Benzylidene Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464927162
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

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Book Synopsis Benzylidene Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Benzylidene Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benzylidene Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Benzylidene Compounds. The editors have built Benzylidene Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Benzylidene Compounds in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Benzylidene Compounds: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Antiplasticization in a Confined Polymer Glass

Author : Robert Andrew Riggleman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Antiplasticization in a Confined Polymer Glass by : Robert Andrew Riggleman

Download or read book Antiplasticization in a Confined Polymer Glass written by Robert Andrew Riggleman and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference

Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0080878628
Total Pages : 7752 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference by :

Download or read book Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-05 with total page 7752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The progress in polymer science is revealed in the chapters of Polymer Science: A Comprehensive Reference, Ten Volume Set. In Volume 1, this is reflected in the improved understanding of the properties of polymers in solution, in bulk and in confined situations such as in thin films. Volume 2 addresses new characterization techniques, such as high resolution optical microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and other procedures for surface and interface characterization. Volume 3 presents the great progress achieved in precise synthetic polymerization techniques for vinyl monomers to control macromolecular architecture: the development of metallocene and post-metallocene catalysis for olefin polymerization, new ionic polymerization procedures, and atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide mediated polymerization, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer systems as the most often used controlled/living radical polymerization methods. Volume 4 is devoted to kinetics, mechanisms and applications of ring opening polymerization of heterocyclic monomers and cycloolefins (ROMP), as well as to various less common polymerization techniques. Polycondensation and non-chain polymerizations, including dendrimer synthesis and various "click" procedures, are covered in Volume 5. Volume 6 focuses on several aspects of controlled macromolecular architectures and soft nano-objects including hybrids and bioconjugates. Many of the achievements would have not been possible without new characterization techniques like AFM that allowed direct imaging of single molecules and nano-objects with a precision available only recently. An entirely new aspect in polymer science is based on the combination of bottom-up methods such as polymer synthesis and molecularly programmed self-assembly with top-down structuring such as lithography and surface templating, as presented in Volume 7. It encompasses polymer and nanoparticle assembly in bulk and under confined conditions or influenced by an external field, including thin films, inorganic-organic hybrids, or nanofibers. Volume 8 expands these concepts focusing on applications in advanced technologies, e.g. in electronic industry and centers on combination with top down approach and functional properties like conductivity. Another type of functionality that is of rapidly increasing importance in polymer science is introduced in volume 9. It deals with various aspects of polymers in biology and medicine, including the response of living cells and tissue to the contact with biofunctional particles and surfaces. The last volume is devoted to the scope and potential provided by environmentally benign and green polymers, as well as energy-related polymers. They discuss new technologies needed for a sustainable economy in our world of limited resources. Provides broad and in-depth coverage of all aspects of polymer science from synthesis/polymerization, properties, and characterization methods and techniques to nanostructures, sustainability and energy, and biomedical uses of polymers Provides a definitive source for those entering or researching in this area by integrating the multidisciplinary aspects of the science into one unique, up-to-date reference work Electronic version has complete cross-referencing and multi-media components Volume editors are world experts in their field (including a Nobel Prize winner)

Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, and Polymer Science and Technology

Author : George Wypych
Publisher : Chemtec Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1927885655
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (278 download)

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Book Synopsis Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, and Polymer Science and Technology by : George Wypych

Download or read book Chain Mobility and Progress in Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, and Polymer Science and Technology written by George Wypych and published by Chemtec Publishing. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chain movement, chain mobility, segmental mobility, segmental dynamics, chain orientation are the primary subjects of this monograph having utmost importance in polymer science and technology, medicine, pharmaceutical, and many other applications.

Polymer Thin Films

Author : Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812818820
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Thin Films by : Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui

Download or read book Polymer Thin Films written by Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Block copolymer thin films / J.-Y. Wang, S. Park and T. P. Russell -- ch. 2. Equilibration of block copolymer films on chemically patterned surfaces / G. S. W. Craig, H. Kang and P. F. Nealey -- ch. 3. Structure formation and evolution in confined cylinder-forming block copolymers / G. J. A. Sevink and J. G. E. M. Fraaije -- ch. 4. Block copolymer lithography for magnetic device fabrication / J. Y. Cheng and C. A. Ross -- ch. 5. Hierarchical structuring of polymer nanoparticles by self-organization / M. Shimomura ... [et al.] -- ch. 6. Wrinkling polymers for surface structure control and functionality / E. P. Chan and A. J. Crosby -- ch. 7. Crystallization in polymer thin films: morphology and growth / R. M. Van Horn and S. Z. D. Cheng -- ch. 8. Friction at soft polymer surface / M. K. Chaudhury, K. Vorvolakos and D. Malotky -- ch. 9. Relationship between molecular architecture, large-strain mechanical response and adhesive performance of model, block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesives / C. Creton and K. R. Shull -- ch. 10. Stability and dewetting of thin liquid films / K. Jacobs, R. Seemann and S. Herminghaus -- ch. 11. Anomalous dynamics of polymer Films / O. K. C. Tsui.

Polymer Characterization

Author : Karel Dusˇek
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642135323
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Polymer Characterization by : Karel Dusˇek

Download or read book Polymer Characterization written by Karel Dusˇek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: -Shear-Induced Transitions and Instabilities in Surfactant Wormlike Micelles By S. Lerouge, J.-F. Berret -Laser-Interferometric Creep Rate Spectroscopy of Polymers By V. A. Bershtein, P. N. Yakushev -Polymer Nanocomposites for Electro-Optics: Perspectives on Processing Technologies, Material Characterization, and Future Application K. Matras-Postolek, D. Bogdal

Theory and Modeling of Polymer Nanocomposites

Author : Valeriy V. Ginzburg
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030604438
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Theory and Modeling of Polymer Nanocomposites by : Valeriy V. Ginzburg

Download or read book Theory and Modeling of Polymer Nanocomposites written by Valeriy V. Ginzburg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume brings together the state of the art in polymer nanocomposite theory and modeling, creating a roadmap for scientists and engineers seeking to design new advanced materials. The book opens with a review of molecular and mesoscale models predicting equilibrium and non-equilibrium nanoscale structure of hybrid materials as a function of composition and, especially, filler types. Subsequent chapters cover the methods and analyses used for describing the dynamics of nanocomposites and their mechanical and physical properties. Dedicated chapters present best practices for predicting materials properties of practical interest, including thermal and electrical conductivity, optical properties, barrier properties, and flammability. Each chapter is written by leading academic and industrial scientists working in each respective sub-field. The overview of modeling methodology combined with detailed examples of property predictions for specific systems will make this book useful for academic and industrial practitioners alike.

Soft Materials

Author : John R. Dutcher
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1135535655
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis Soft Materials by : John R. Dutcher

Download or read book Soft Materials written by John R. Dutcher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the wide breadth academic disciplines involved in this ever-expanding area of research, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of current scientific and technological advancements in soft materials analysis and application. Documenting new and emerging challenges in this burgeoning field, Soft Materials is a unique and outsta