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Energy Processing Circuits For Low Power Applications
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Book Synopsis Energy Processing Circuits for Low-power Applications by : Yogesh Kumar Ramadass
Download or read book Energy Processing Circuits for Low-power Applications written by Yogesh Kumar Ramadass and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portable electronics have fueled the rich emergence of new applications including multi-media handsets, ubiquitous smart sensors and actuators, and wearable or implantable biomedical devices. New ultra-low power circuit techniques are constantly being proposed to further improve the energy efficiency of electronic circuits. A critical part of these energy conscious systems are the energy processing and power delivery circuits that interface with the energy sources and provide conditioned voltage and current levels to the load circuits. These energy processing circuits must maintain high efficiency and reduce component count for the final solution to be attractive from an energy, size and cost perspective. The first part of this work focuses on the development of on-chip voltage scalable switched capacitor DC-DC converters in digital CMOS processes. The converters are designed to deliver regulated scalable load voltages from 0.3V up to the battery voltage of 1.2V for ultra-dynamic voltage scaled systems. The efficiency limiting mechanisms of these on-chip DC-DC converters are analyzed and digital circuit techniques are proposed to tackle these losses. Measurement results from 3 test-chips implemented in 0.18pm and 65nm CMOS processes will be provided. The converters are able to maintain >75% efficiency over a wide range of load voltage and power levels while delivering load currents up to 8mA. An embedded switched capacitor DC-DC converter that acts as the power delivery unit in a 65nm subthreshold microcontroller system will be described. The remainder of the thesis deals with energy management circuits for battery-less systems. Harvesting ambient vibrational, light or thermal energy holds much promise in realizing the goal of a self-powered system. The second part of the thesis identifies problems with commonly used interface circuits for piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters and proposes a rectifier design that gives more than 4X improvement in output power extracted from the piezoelectric energy harvester. The rectifier designs are demonstrated with the help of a test-chip built in a 0.35pm CMOS process. The inductor used within the rectifier is shared efficiently with a multitude of DC-DC converters in the energy harvesting chip leading to a compact, cost-efficient solution. The DC-DC converters designed as part of a complete power management solution achieve efficiencies of greater than 85% even in the micro-watt power levels output by the harvester. The final part of the thesis deals with thermal energy harvesters to extract electrical power from body heat. Thermal harvesters in body-worn applications output ultra-low voltages of the order of 10's of milli-volts. This presents extreme challenges to CMOS circuits that are powered by the harvester. The final part of the thesis presents a new startup technique that allows CMOS circuits to interface directly with and extract power out of thermoelectric generators without the need for an external battery, clock or reference generators. The mechanically assisted startup circuit is demonstrated with the help of a test-chip built in a 0.35pm CMOS process and can work from as low as 35mV. This enables load circuits like processors and radios to operate directly of the thermoelectric generator without the aid of a battery. A complete power management solution is provided that can extract electrical power efficiently from the harvester independent of the input voltage conditions. With the help of closed-loop control techniques, the energy processing circuit is able to maintain efficiency over a wide range of load voltage and process variations.
Book Synopsis Ultra-Low Power Integrated Circuit Design by : Nianxiong Nick Tan
Download or read book Ultra-Low Power Integrated Circuit Design written by Nianxiong Nick Tan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the design of CMOS circuits for ultra-low power consumption including analog, radio frequency (RF), and digital signal processing circuits (DSP). The book addresses issues from circuit and system design to production design, and applies the ultra-low power circuits described to systems for digital hearing aids and capsule endoscope devices. Provides a valuable introduction to ultra-low power circuit design, aimed at practicing design engineers; Describes all key building blocks of ultra-low power circuits, from a systems perspective; Applies circuits and systems described to real product examples such as hearing aids and capsule endoscopes.
Book Synopsis Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Dismounted Soldier by : National Research Council
Download or read book Energy-Efficient Technologies for the Dismounted Soldier written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-12-30 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents electric power requirements for the dismounted soldier on future Army battlefields, describes advanced energy concepts, and provides an integrated assessment of technologies likely to affect limitations and needs in the future. It surveys technologies associated with both supply and demand including: energy sources and systems; low power electronics and design; communications, computers, displays, and sensors; and networks, protocols, and operations. Advanced concepts discussed are predicated on continued development by the Army of soldier systems similar to the Land Warrior system on which the committee bases its projections on energy use. Finally, the volume proposes twenty research objectives to achieve energy goals in the 2025 time frame.
Book Synopsis Low Power Circuits for Emerging Applications in Communications, Computing, and Sensing by : Fei Yuan
Download or read book Low Power Circuits for Emerging Applications in Communications, Computing, and Sensing written by Fei Yuan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses the need to investigate new approaches to lower energy requirement in multiple application areas and serves as a guide into emerging circuit technologies. It explores revolutionary device concepts, sensors, and associated circuits and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation. The book responds to the need to develop disruptive new system architecutres, circuit microarchitectures, and attendant device and interconnect technology aimed at achieving the highest level of computational energy efficiency for general purpose computing systems. Features Discusses unique technologies and material only available in specialized journal and conferences Covers emerging applications areas, such as ultra low power communications, emerging bio-electronics, and operation in extreme environments Explores broad circuit operation, ex. analog, RF, memory, and digital circuits Contains practical applications in the engineering field, as well as graduate studies Written by international experts from both academia and industry
Book Synopsis Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices by : Mohammad Alhawari
Download or read book Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Wearable Devices written by Mohammad Alhawari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the design and implementation of energy harvesting systems targeting wearable devices. The authors describe in detail the different energy harvesting sources that can be utilized for powering low-power devices in general, focusing on the best candidates for wearable applications. Coverage also includes state-of-the-art interface circuits, which can be used to accept energy from harvesters and deliver it to a device in the most efficient way. Finally, the authors present power management circuits for using multiple energy harvesting sources at the same time to power devices and to enhance efficiency of the system.
Book Synopsis Efficient Power Conversion Interface Circuits for Energy Harvesting Applications by : Triet T. Le
Download or read book Efficient Power Conversion Interface Circuits for Energy Harvesting Applications written by Triet T. Le and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harvesting energy from the environment for powering micro-power devices have been increasing in popularity. These types of devices can be used in embedded applications or in sensor networks where battery replacement is impractical. In this dissertation, different methods of energy harvesting from the environment are explored as alternative sources of energy for devices. Some of the most popular energy extraction used in electronic devices today are radio frequency (RF) and thermal/vibrational energy extraction. This dissertation presents novel power techniques that enable some of the most efficient power conversion circuits published to date. New power conversion circuits to interface to a piezoelectric micro-power generator that produces electrical energy from temperature differences have been fabricated and tested. Circuit designs and measurement results are presented for a half-wave synchronous rectifier with voltage doubler, a full-wave synchronous rectifier and a passive full-wave rectifier circuit. The active rectifier based on synchronous rectification, fabricated in a 0.25-[mu]m CMOS process, is 86% efficient with 22-[mu]W peak output power when connected to the piezoelectric micro-power generator. This gives the highest efficiency to date for active rectification circuits at the micro-power level. The passive rectifier circuit is 66% efficient with 16-[mu]W peak output power and requires no quiescent current to operate. RF-powered devices are typically inductively coupled and extract their energy from the near field while operating within a few inches of the radiating source. Longer operating distances, exceeding 10 meters, are desired for a broader set of applications including distributed sensor networks. This dissertation describes an efficient method for far field power extraction from RF energy to enable long distance passively powered sensor networks. Passive rectifier circuits are designed in the TSMC 0.25[mu]m mixed-signal CMOS process and antennas for the system are printed on a 4-layer FR4 board. A high-Q resonator is used with a matching network to passively amplify the input voltage to the rectifier. At the circuit level, floating gate transistors are used as rectifying diodes to reduce the diode threshold loss in voltage rectification and therefore increase the rectifier efficiency. A 36-stage rectifier fabricated in a 0.25-[mu]m CMOS process attains an efficiency of over 60% in the far field with a received power sensitivity of 5.5[mu]W (-22.6 dBm), corresponding to an operating distance of 44 meters. The effective threshold voltage of the floating-gate diode is reduced to 36 mV. This is the highest performance for far-field RF energy conversion reported to date. In ultra-low energy system, such as sensor networks, it is essential that power management circuitry are designed to dissipate very low quiescent power. RF energy and power management circuits are designed in a 0.18[mu]m CMOS process. Voltage regulators are designed to operate at high input voltage and low power in a standard CMOS process. The voltage regulators can withstand input voltages up to 12 volts and dissipates from 90 nW to 1.4 [mu]W of power. A floating-gate programming circuit is designed with a self-wakeup timer that turns itself on about once a month. The floating-gate programming circuits dissipates about 30 nW in sleep mode and 8 [mu]W in active mode.
Book Synopsis Power Management for Wearable Electronic Devices by : Dima Kilani
Download or read book Power Management for Wearable Electronic Devices written by Dima Kilani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes power management integrated circuits (PMIC), for power converters and voltage regulators necessary for energy efficient and small form factor systems. The authors discuss state-of-the-art PMICs not only for battery powered wearable devices, but also energy harvesting-based devices. The circuits presented support voltage scaling to reduce the overall average power consumption of a wearable device, resulting in longer device operating time. The discussion includes many designs, control techniques and approaches to distribute efficiently the power among different blocks in the device. • Demonstrates for readers how to innovate in designing power management integrated circuits (PMIC) suitable for wearable devices, powered by either battery or harvesting energy; • Introduces a dual outputs switched capacitor, using a single voltage regulator to minimize the area overhead and discusses the effect of having more than two outputs on the area and power efficiency; • Introduces a novel clock-less digital LDO regulator that eliminates the use of the clocked comparator and serial shift register in the conventional design; • Presents experimental results of energy harvesting-based power management units (PMU), using different combinations of power converters and voltage regulators, providing a guide for designers to select the appropriate option based on device requirements.
Book Synopsis Ultra Low Power Bioelectronics by : Rahul Sarpeshkar
Download or read book Ultra Low Power Bioelectronics written by Rahul Sarpeshkar and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-22 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides, for the first time, a broad and deep treatment of the fields of both ultra low power electronics and bioelectronics. It discusses fundamental principles and circuits for ultra low power electronic design and their applications in biomedical systems. It also discusses how ultra energy efficient cellular and neural systems in biology can inspire revolutionary low power architectures in mixed-signal and RF electronics. The book presents a unique, unifying view of ultra low power analog and digital electronics and emphasizes the use of the ultra energy efficient subthreshold regime of transistor operation in both. Chapters on batteries, energy harvesting, and the future of energy provide an understanding of fundamental relationships between energy use and energy generation at small scales and at large scales. A wealth of insights and examples from brain implants, cochlear implants, bio-molecular sensing, cardiac devices, and bio-inspired systems make the book useful and engaging for students and practicing engineers.
Book Synopsis Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design by : Armin Tajalli
Download or read book Extreme Low-Power Mixed Signal IC Design written by Armin Tajalli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design exibility and power consumption in addition to the cost, have always been the most important issues in design of integrated circuits (ICs), and are the main concerns of this research, as well. Energy Consumptions: Power dissipation (P ) and energy consumption are - diss pecially importantwhen there is a limited amountof power budgetor limited source of energy. Very common examples are portable systems where the battery life time depends on system power consumption. Many different techniques have been - veloped to reduce or manage the circuit power consumption in this type of systems. Ultra-low power (ULP) applications are another examples where power dissipation is the primary design issue. In such applications, the power budget is so restricted that very special circuit and system level design techniquesare needed to satisfy the requirements. Circuits employed in applications such as wireless sensor networks (WSN), wearable battery powered systems [1], and implantable circuits for biol- ical applications need to consume very low amount of power such that the entire system can survive for a very long time without the need for changingor recharging battery[2–4]. Using newpowersupplytechniquessuchas energyharvesting[5]and printable batteries [6], is another reason for reducing power dissipation. Devel- ing special design techniques for implementing low power circuits [7–9], as well as dynamic power management (DPM) schemes [10] are the two main approaches to control the system power consumption. Design Flexibility: Design exibility is the other important issue in modern in- grated systems.
Book Synopsis Energy Harvesting Systems by : Tom J. Kaźmierski
Download or read book Energy Harvesting Systems written by Tom J. Kaźmierski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetic energy harvesting converts movement or vibrations into electrical energy, enables battery free operation of wireless sensors and autonomous devices and facilitates their placement in locations where replacing a battery is not feasible or attractive. This book provides an introduction to operating principles and design methods of modern kinetic energy harvesting systems and explains the implications of harvested power on autonomous electronic systems design. It describes power conditioning circuits that maximize available energy and electronic systems design strategies that minimize power consumption and enable operation. The principles discussed in the book will be supported by real case studies such as battery-less monitoring sensors at water waste processing plants, embedded battery-less sensors in automotive electronics and sensor-networks built with ultra-low power wireless nodes suitable for battery-less applications.
Book Synopsis Ultra Low-Power Integrated Circuit Design for Wireless Neural Interfaces by : Jeremy Holleman
Download or read book Ultra Low-Power Integrated Circuit Design for Wireless Neural Interfaces written by Jeremy Holleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will describe ultra low-power, integrated circuits and systems designed for the emerging field of neural signal recording and processing, and wireless communication. Since neural interfaces are typically implanted, their operation is highly energy-constrained. This book introduces concepts and theory that allow circuit operation approaching the fundamental limits. Design examples and measurements of real systems are provided. The book will describe circuit designs for all of the critical components of a neural recording system, including: Amplifiers which utilize new techniques to improve the trade-off between good noise performance and low power consumption. Analog and mixed-signal circuits which implement signal processing tasks specific to the neural recording application: Detection of neural spikes Extraction of features that describe the spikes Clustering, a machine learning technique for sorting spikes Weak-inversion operation of analog-domain transistors, allowing processing circuits that reduce the requirements for analog-digital conversion and allow low system-level power consumption. Highly-integrated, sub-mW wireless transmitter designed for the Medical Implant Communications Service (MICS) and ISM bands.
Book Synopsis Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits by : Nele Reynders
Download or read book Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits written by Nele Reynders and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-14 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on increasing the energy-efficiency of electronic devices so that portable applications can have a longer stand-alone time on the same battery. The authors explain the energy-efficiency benefits that ultra-low-voltage circuits provide and provide answers to tackle the challenges which ultra-low-voltage operation poses. An innovative design methodology is presented, verified, and validated by four prototypes in advanced CMOS technologies. These prototypes are shown to achieve high energy-efficiency through their successful functionality at ultra-low supply voltages.
Book Synopsis Low Power Designs in Nanodevices and Circuits for Emerging Applications by : Shilpi Birla
Download or read book Low Power Designs in Nanodevices and Circuits for Emerging Applications written by Shilpi Birla and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference textbook discusses low power designs for emerging applications. This book focuses on the research challenges associated with theory, design, and applications towards emerging Microelectronics and VLSI device design and developments, about low power consumptions. The advancements in large-scale integration technologies are principally responsible for the growth of the electronics industry. This book is focused on senior undergraduates, graduate students, and professionals in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, nanotechnology. This book: Discusses various low power techniques and applications for designing efficient circuits Covers advance nanodevices such as FinFETs, TFETs, CNTFETs Covers various emerging areas like Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Circuits and FPGAs and sensors Discusses applications like memory design for low power applications using nanodevices The number of options for ICs in control applications, telecommunications, high-performance computing, and consumer electronics continues to grow with the emergence of VLSI designs. Nanodevices have revolutionized the electronics market and human life; it has impacted individual life to make it more convenient. They are ruling every sector such as electronics, energy, biomedicine, food, environment, and communication. This book discusses various emerging low power applications using CMOS and other emerging nanodevices.
Book Synopsis Micro and Nano Energy Harvesting Technologies by : Bin Yang
Download or read book Micro and Nano Energy Harvesting Technologies written by Bin Yang and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seeking renewable and clean energies is essential for releasing the heavy reliance on mineral-based energy and remedying the threat of global warming to our environment. In the last decade, explosive growth in research and development efforts devoted to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and nanowires-related nanotechnology have paved a great foundation for new mechanisms of harvesting mechanical energy at the micro/nano-meter scale. MEMS-based inertial sensors have been the enabler for numerous applications associated with smart phones, tablets, and mobile electronics. This is a valuable reference for all those faced with the challenging problems created by the ever-increasing interest in MEMS and nanotechnology-based energy harvesters and their applications. This book presents fundamental physics, theoretical design, and method of modeling for four mainstream energy harvesting mechanisms -- piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, and triboelectric. Readers are provided with a comprehensive technical review and historical view of each mechanism. The authors also present current challenges in energy harvesting technology, technical reviews, design requirements, case studies, along with unique and representative examples of energy harvester applications.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Energy Harvesting Power Supplies and Applications by : Peter Spies
Download or read book Handbook of Energy Harvesting Power Supplies and Applications written by Peter Spies and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the fundamentals and principles of energy harvesting and provides the necessary theory and background to develop energy harvesting power supplies. It explains the overall system design and gives quantitative assumptions on environmental energy. It explains different system blocks for an energy harvesting power supply and the trade-offs. The text covers in detail different energy transducer technologies such as piezoelectric, electrodynamic, and thermoelectric generators and solar cells from the material to the component level and explains the appropriate power management circuits required in these systems. Furthermore, it describes and compares storage elements such as secondary batteries and supercapacitors to select the most appropriate one for the application. Besides power supplies that use ambient energy, the book presents systems that use electromagnetic fields in the radio frequency range. Finally, it discusses different application fields and presents examples of self-powered electronic systems to illustrate the content of the preceding chapters.
Book Synopsis Low Power Circuits for Emerging Applications in Communications, Computing, and Sensing by : Fei Yuan
Download or read book Low Power Circuits for Emerging Applications in Communications, Computing, and Sensing written by Fei Yuan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses the need to investigate new approaches to lower energy requirement in multiple application areas and serves as a guide into emerging circuit technologies. It explores revolutionary device concepts, sensors, and associated circuits and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation. The book responds to the need to develop disruptive new system architecutres, circuit microarchitectures, and attendant device and interconnect technology aimed at achieving the highest level of computational energy efficiency for general purpose computing systems. Features Discusses unique technologies and material only available in specialized journal and conferences Covers emerging applications areas, such as ultra low power communications, emerging bio-electronics, and operation in extreme environments Explores broad circuit operation, ex. analog, RF, memory, and digital circuits Contains practical applications in the engineering field, as well as graduate studies Written by international experts from both academia and industry
Book Synopsis High-Ratio Voltage Conversion in CMOS for Efficient Mains-Connected Standby by : Hans Meyvaert
Download or read book High-Ratio Voltage Conversion in CMOS for Efficient Mains-Connected Standby written by Hans Meyvaert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes synergetic innovation opportunities offered by combining the field of power conversion with the field of integrated circuit (IC) design. The authors demonstrate how integrating circuits enables increased operation frequency, which can be exploited in power converters to reduce drastically the size of the discrete passive components. The authors introduce multiple power converter circuits, which are very compact as result of their high level of integration. First, the limits of high-power-density low-voltage monolithic switched-capacitor DC-DC conversion are investigated to enable on-chip power granularization. AC-DC conversion from the mains to a low voltage DC is discussed, enabling an efficient and compact, lower-power auxiliary power supply to take over the power delivery during the standby mode of mains-connected appliances, allowing the main power converter of these devices to be shut down fully.
