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Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design For Wireless Sensor Networks
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Book Synopsis An Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Network by : Mohammad Hossein Fotouhi Ghazvini
Download or read book An Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Network written by Mohammad Hossein Fotouhi Ghazvini and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Sha Liu
Download or read book Energy Efficient Mac Layer Design for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Sha Liu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Energy efficient communication is a critical design objective for wireless sensor networks which are usually highly energy constrained. In addition, the throughput and latency performance is also important for several sensor network applications. To simultaneously achieve the seemingly contradictory goals, this dissertation identifies the three major sources of energy wastage in communications, i.e., idle listening, overhearing, and packet retransmissions, and proposes three mechanisms to optimize the energy consumption while maintaining high throughput and low latency. To deal with the idle listening problem, we design a new low duty-cycle MAC layer protocol called Convergent MAC (CMAC). CMAC can work at low duty cycles and requires no synchronization when there is no traffic. When carrying traffic, CMAC first uses anycast to wake up forwarding nodes, and then converges gradually from route-suboptimal anycast to route-optimal unicast. Experiments and simulations show that CMAC significantly outperforms other duty cycling protocols in terms of latency, throughput and energy efficiency. The MAC layer anycast technique is also an efficient technique to cope with low link quality and interference in wireless sensor networks. By utilizing the nature of broadcast wireless communication medium and allowing multiple nodes in the forwarding set to compete to be the packet forwarder, links with poor reception quality but good progress in a given routing metric space can be opportunistically used to forward packets. However, the impact of unreliable communication in the reverse channel on anycasting has not been studied before. The second part of this dissertation analyzes the impact of unreliability of reverse links on the performance of existing anycast protocols, proposes a new metric characterizing the number of transmissions in the network for anycast based MAC protocols, and presents an efficient solution for computing the forwarding sets. The third part of this dissertation is dedicated to optimizing the schedule of packet retransmissions. CSMA relies on carrier sensing to decide if retransmissions should be performed immediately. However, in cases where the poor channel quality persists or packet losses are due to interference undetectable by carrier sensing, the channel assessment alone is not a good indicator of successful transmissions. To schedule retransmissions at appropriate moments, we propose a new technique called transmission pushback to reduce such losses by delaying retransmissions. This technique overcomes periods of poor channel quality while ensuring a throughput matching the incoming packet rate. In order to determine the optimal pushback period, we devise an adaptive channel prediction technique based on estimating the parameters of a simple hidden Markov model (HMM) which represents the channel. We dynamically update the parameters of the HMM based solely on the ACK sequence for the previous packet transmissions. By considering both the packet incoming rate and the packet loss pattern, the appropriate pushback period is calculated and applied for future retransmissions.
Book Synopsis Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks by : Raja Jurdak
Download or read book Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks written by Raja Jurdak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the optimization potential of cross-layer design approaches for wireless ad hoc and sensor network performance, covering both theory and practice. A theoretical section provides an overview of design issues in both strictly layered and cross-layer approaches. A practical section builds on these issues to explore three case studies of diverse ad hoc and sensor network applications and communication technologies.
Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Energy-efficient Media Access Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks by : Ibrahim Ammer Musbah Ammar
Download or read book Design and Analysis of Energy-efficient Media Access Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks written by Ibrahim Ammer Musbah Ammar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Simulation Study of Energy Efficient Mac Protocol by : Dinesh Moparthi
Download or read book A Simulation Study of Energy Efficient Mac Protocol written by Dinesh Moparthi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless Sensor node is a tiny device which are capable of sensing, transmitting and computing data. Generally the nodes are powered by battery for energy, so energy is most important resource in sensor networks. Mostly the power consumption in the node is due to transceiver or radio in the node. By energy efficient design of the MAC layer protocol we can reduce the power consumed by radio. In this report S-MAC an energy efficient MAC protocol is studied and explained how energy can be reduced by using this MAC protocol. S-MAC is designed especially for Wireless Sensor Networks, simulation results are shown compared with normal wireless MAC.
Book Synopsis Energy Efficient Spectrum Resources Usage in WPANs by : Luís Miguel Borges
Download or read book Energy Efficient Spectrum Resources Usage in WPANs written by Luís Miguel Borges and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things are facing tremendous advances both in terms of energy-efficiency as well as in the number of available applications. Consequently, there are challenges that need to be tackled for the future generation of WSNs. After giving an overview of the WSN protocols and IEEE 802.15.4 standard, this book proposes IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer performance enhancements by employing not only RTS/CTS combined with packet concatenation but also scheduled channel poling (MC-SCP). Results have shown that the use of the RTS/CTS mechanism improves channel efficiency by decreasing the deferral time before transmitting a data packet. Furthermore, the Sensor Block Acknowledgment MAC (SBACK-MAC) protocol enables more efficiency as it allows the aggregation of several acknowledgement responses in one special Block Acknowledgment (BACK) Response packet. The throughput and delay performance have been mathematically derived under both ideal conditions (a channel environment with no transmission errors) and non-ideal conditions (with transmission errors). Simulation results successfully validate the proposed analytical models. This research reveals the importance of an appropriate design for the MAC sub-layer protocol for the desired WSN application. Depending on the mission of the WSN application, different protocols are required. Therefore, the overall performance of a WSN application certainly depends on the development and application of suitable e.g., MAC, network layer protocols.
Book Synopsis Design of an Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Sink Based Wireless Sensor Networks by : Kiran Tatapudi
Download or read book Design of an Energy Efficient MAC Protocol for Sink Based Wireless Sensor Networks written by Kiran Tatapudi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Energy-efficient, Scalable and Collision-free MAC Layer Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Gaurav Jolly
Download or read book An Energy-efficient, Scalable and Collision-free MAC Layer Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Gaurav Jolly and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cluster-based Energy-efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Nikhil Marrapu
Download or read book Cluster-based Energy-efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Nikhil Marrapu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TheWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) employs thousands of small sensors that communicate between themselves in a distributed manner using Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. The energy required for wireless sensors is obtained from non-rechargeable energy sources. Due to their small size, wireless sensors are highly constrained in terms of battery energy. Hence, energy efficiency is considered a key factor in the design of a WSN. MAC protocols play an important role in the successful operation of WSNs. Energy efficiency can be achieved by introducing some significant changes that effect the energy consumption at the MAC layer. Existing protocols achieve energy savings, trading off either latency or throughput. The Sensor Medium Access Control (SMAC) is one such protocol that identifies a few sources of energy wastage and proposes an adaptive sleep-and-listen scheme to minimize energy wastage. This thesis studies the S-MAC protocol and proposes a new one Cluster-Based Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control (CBMAC), which attempts to increase energy savings by introducing changes to the existing S-MAC protocol. CBMAC introduces a clustering mechanism, in which the nodes form clusters and elect a cluster head. The cluster head takes care of data transfer and synchronization issues, while the cluster nodes are allowed to spend maximum time in the sleep state. The role of the cluster head is shared among several nodes over time in order to achieve uniform energy utilization in the network. The energy savings achieved with the CBMAC protocol are primarily due to the increased sleep-time fraction for cluster nodes. The clustering mechanism also reduces control overhead, which is prevalent in the S-MAC protocol due to the periodic control packet exchanges. CBMAC was studied under various topologies, and the results show significant energy savings over the S-MAC protocol, particularly in low-data-traffic scenarios.
Book Synopsis Design of Energy Efficient and Secure Wireless Sensor Networks by : Xiaoming Lu
Download or read book Design of Energy Efficient and Secure Wireless Sensor Networks written by Xiaoming Lu and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy-efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Christoph Erik Tönsing
Download or read book Energy-efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Christoph Erik Tönsing and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ex-Mac written by Dr. M. Nanda Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy efficient protocol design is the aim of current researches in the area of sensor networks where limited power resources impose energy conservation considerations. In this paper we concern for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols the recent technology that is used in the Wireless sensor networks are appealing to researchers to achieve an efficient medium access protocol subject to power constraints. We outline the design of MAC layer protocols that employ adaptive duty cycle as means of further optimizing the energy conservation. In most case each nodes determines the duty cycle as a function of its own traffic load. The IEEE 802.15.4 is a new wireless personal area network designed for wireless monitoring and control applications. Of course the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol performs poorly for one-hop data collection in sense sensor network. Here we developed a new MAC protocol, EX-MAC that amalgamate the E-MAC and the X-MAC. EX-MAC protocol design methodology and results projected at self-learning, traffic adaptive algorithm for varying traffic conditions inherent to the WSNs. The design incorporates reliable and scalable energy-aware sensing network, in spite of node failures, minimizing energy consumption at the same time. Our present and future work is based on adaptive EX-MAC protocol that is designed for wireless sensor networks. Here we first highlighted the main draw back of the E-MAC and X-MAC and then a proposed solution that enables low duty cycle operation, dynamic sleep schedules to reduce the control overhead, traffic adaptive wakeup and low latency. To overcome this control overhead and latency, we suggested the contention based on CSMA/CA mechanism. This protocol is simulated in NS-2 and performs evaluated.
Book Synopsis Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Holger Karl
Download or read book Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Holger Karl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-10-08 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn all you need to know about wireless sensor networks! Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks provides a thorough description of the nuts and bolts of wireless sensor networks. The authors give an overview of the state-of-the-art, putting all the individual solutions into perspective with one and other. Numerous practical examples, case studies and illustrations demonstrate the theory, techniques and results presented. The clear chapter structure, listing learning objectives, outline and summarizing key points, help guide the reader expertly through the material. Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks: Covers architecture and communications protocols in detail with practical implementation examples and case studies. Provides an understanding of mutual relationships and dependencies between different protocols and architectural decisions. Offers an in-depth investigation of relevant protocol mechanisms. Shows which protocols are suitable for which tasks within a wireless sensor network and in which circumstances they perform efficiently. Features an extensive website with the bibliography, PowerPoint slides, additional exercises and worked solutions. This text provides academic researchers, graduate students in computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering, as well as practitioners in industry and research engineers with an understanding of the specific design challenges and solutions for wireless sensor networks. Check out www.wiley.com/go/wsn for accompanying course material! "I am deeply impressed by the book of Karl & Willig. It is by far the most complete source for wireless sensor networks...The book covers almost all topics related to sensor networks, gives an amazing number of references, and, thus, is the perfect source for students, teachers, and researchers. Throughout the book the reader will find high quality text, figures, formulas, comparisons etc. - all you need for a sound basis to start sensor network research." Prof. Jochen Schiller, Institute of Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin
Book Synopsis Advertisement-based Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks by : Surjya S. Ray
Download or read book Advertisement-based Energy Efficient Medium Access Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks written by Surjya S. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of the main challenges that prevents the large-scale deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is providing the applications with the required quality of service (QoS) given the sensor nodes' limited energy supplies. WSNs are an important tool in supporting applications ranging from environmental and industrial monitoring, to battlefield surveillance and traffic control, among others. Most of these applications require sensors to function for long periods of time without human intervention and without battery replacement. Therefore, energy conservation is one of the main goals for protocols for WSNs. Energy conservation can be performed in different layers of the protocol stack. In particular, as the medium access control (MAC) layer can access and control the radio directly, large energy savings is possible through intelligent MAC protocol design. To maximize the network lifetime, MAC protocols for WSNs aim to minimize idle listening of the sensor nodes, packet collisions, and overhearing. Several approaches such as duty cycling and low power listening have been proposed at the MAC layer to achieve energy efficiency. In this thesis, I explore the possibility of further energy savings through the advertisement of data packets in the MAC layer. In the first part of my research, I propose Advertisement-MAC or ADV-MAC, a new MAC protocol for WSNs that utilizes the concept of advertising for data contention. This technique lets nodes listen dynamically to any desired transmission and sleep during transmissions not of interest. This minimizes the energy lost in idle listening and overhearing while maintaining an adaptive duty cycle to handle variable loads. Additionally, ADV-MAC enables energy efficient MAC-level multicasting. An analytical model for the packet delivery ratio and the energy consumption of the protocol is also proposed. The analytical model is veried with simulations and is used to choose an optimal value of the advertisement period. Simulations show that the optimized ADV-MAC provides substantial energy gains (50% to 70% less than other MAC protocols for WSNs such as T-MAC and S-MAC for the scenarios investigated) while faring as well as T-MAC in terms of packet delivery ratio and latency. Although ADV-MAC provides substantial energy gains over S-MAC and T-MAC, it is not optimal in terms of energy savings because contention is done twice - once in the Advertisement Period and once in the Data Period. In the next part of my research, the second contention in the Data Period is eliminated and the advantages of contention-based and TDMA-based protocols are combined to form Advertisement based Time-division Multiple Access (ATMA), a distributed TDMA-based MAC protocol for WSNs. ATMA utilizes the bursty nature of the traffic to prevent energy waste through advertisements and reservations for data slots. Extensive simulations and qualitative analysis show that with bursty traffic, ATMA outperforms contention-based protocols (S-MAC, T-MAC and ADV-MAC), a TDMA based protocol (TRAMA) and hybrid protocols (Z-MAC and IEEE 802.15.4). ATMA provides energy reductions of up to 80%, while providing the best packet delivery ratio (close to 100%) and latency among all the investigated protocols. Simulations alone cannot reflect many of the challenges faced by real implementations of MAC protocols, such as clock-drift, synchronization, imperfect physical layers, and irregular interference from other transmissions. Such issues may cripple a protocol that otherwise performs very well in software simulations. Hence, to validate my research, I conclude with a hardware implementation of the ATMA protocol on SORA (Software Radio), developed by Microsoft Research Asia. SORA is a reprogrammable Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform that satisfies the throughput and timing requirements of modern wireless protocols while utilizing the rich general purpose PC development environment. Experimental results obtained from the hardware implementation of ATMA closely mirror the simulation results obtained for a single hop network with 4 nodes"--Page vi-viii.
Book Synopsis Energy-Efficient Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Networks by : Rongrong Zhang
Download or read book Energy-Efficient Algorithms and Protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Networks written by Rongrong Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic treatment of the theoretical foundation and algorithmic tools necessary in the design of energy-efficient algorithms and protocols in wireless body sensor networks (WBSNs). These problems addressed in the book are of both fundamental and practical importance. Specifically, the book delivers a comprehensive treatment on the following problems ranging from theoretical modeling and analysis, to practical algorithm design and optimization: energy-efficient clustering-based leader election algorithms in WBSNs; MAC protocol for duty-cycling WBSNs with concurrent traffic; multi-channel broadcast algorithms in duty-cycling WBSNs; and energy-efficient sleep scheduling algorithms in WBSNs. Target readers of the book are researchers and advanced-level engineering students interested in acquiring in-depth knowledge on the topic and on WBSNs and their applications, both from theoretical and engineering perspective.
Book Synopsis Konventionelle Untersuchungsmethoden by :
Download or read book Konventionelle Untersuchungsmethoden written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks by : Zhengguo Sheng
Download or read book Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks written by Zhengguo Sheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared with conventional communications, cooperative communication allows multiple users in a wireless network to coordinate their packet transmissions and share each other's resources, thus achieving high-performance gain and better service coverage and reliability. Energy Efficient Cooperative Wireless Communication and Networks provides a comprehensive look at energy efficiency and system design of cooperative wireless communication. Introducing effective cooperative wireless communication schemes, the book supplies the understanding and methods required to improve energy efficiency, reliability, and end-to-end protocol designs for wireless communication systems. It explains the practical benefits and limitations of cooperative transmissions along with the associated designs of upper-layer protocols, including MAC, routing, and transport protocol. The book considers power efficiency as a main objective in cooperative communication to ensure quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. It explains how to bring the performance gain at the physical layer up to the network layer and how to allocate network resources dynamically through MAC/scheduling and routing to trade off the performance benefits of given transmissions against network costs. Because the techniques detailed in each chapter can help readers achieve energy efficiency and reliability in wireless networks, they have the potential to impact a range of industry areas, including wireless communication, wireless sensor networks, and ad hoc networks. The book includes numerous examples, best practices, and models that capture key issues in real-world applications. Along with algorithms and tips for effective design, the book supplies the understanding you will need to achieve high-performing and energy efficient wireless networks with improved service coverage and reliability.
